Las tierras, los ganados, los trabajadores... Una posible reconstrucción de las estancias reduccionales de la experiencia jesuítica bonaerense, 1740-1752

El presente trabajo propone reconstruir el sistema productivo organizado por los misioneros de la Compañía de Jesús al sur de la jurisdicción colonial de Buenos Aires, entre 1740 y 1752. Si bien los hombres de la Compañía desarrollaron durante el siglo XVIII establecimientos productivos en todas las regiones rioplatenses, la característica de este caso se refiere a que la estancias y chacras que son descriptas tienen una vida activa de 12 años en la frontera, es decir, en territorio indígena ocupado por la reducciones pero con un dominio colonial no consolidado. Los espacios fronterizos no son habitados permanentemente por los españoles y la dominación y control del Estado suelen ser esporádicos. Por tanto, la experiencia misional se transforma en un mecanismo que pretende vigilar y controlar, pero que para existir en un territorio cuyo dominio es detentado por otras sociedades debe negociar con las mismas sus condiciones de existencia. ¿Cómo afectó esta situación a la constitución de ┤chacras' y ┤estancias' productivas? ¿En qué medida estos establecimientos se integraron a la red de establecimientos que la Compañía posee en tierras ┤españolas'? ¿La organización es similar en el ámbito fronterizo y en el ámbito ┤efectivamente' colonizado?

Las tierras, los ganados, los trabajadores... Una posible reconstrucción de las estancias reduccionales de la experiencia jesuítica bonaerense, 1740-1752

El presente trabajo propone reconstruir el sistema productivo organizado por los misioneros de la Compañía de Jesús al sur de la jurisdicción colonial de Buenos Aires, entre 1740 y 1752. Si bien los hombres de la Compañía desarrollaron durante el siglo XVIII establecimientos productivos en todas las regiones rioplatenses, la característica de este caso se refiere a que la estancias y chacras que son descriptas tienen una vida activa de 12 años en la frontera, es decir, en territorio indígena ocupado por la reducciones pero con un dominio colonial no consolidado. Los espacios fronterizos no son habitados permanentemente por los españoles y la dominación y control del Estado suelen ser esporádicos. Por tanto, la experiencia misional se transforma en un mecanismo que pretende vigilar y controlar, pero que para existir en un territorio cuyo dominio es detentado por otras sociedades debe negociar con las mismas sus condiciones de existencia. ¿Cómo afectó esta situación a la constitución de ┤chacras' y ┤estancias' productivas? ¿En qué medida estos establecimientos se integraron a la red de establecimientos que la Compañía posee en tierras ┤españolas'? ¿La organización es similar en el ámbito fronterizo y en el ámbito ┤efectivamente' colonizado?

Las tierras, los ganados, los trabajadores... Una posible reconstrucción de las estancias reduccionales de la experiencia jesuítica bonaerense, 1740-1752

El presente trabajo propone reconstruir el sistema productivo organizado por los misioneros de la Compañía de Jesús al sur de la jurisdicción colonial de Buenos Aires, entre 1740 y 1752. Si bien los hombres de la Compañía desarrollaron durante el siglo XVIII establecimientos productivos en todas las regiones rioplatenses, la característica de este caso se refiere a que la estancias y chacras que son descriptas tienen una vida activa de 12 años en la frontera, es decir, en territorio indígena ocupado por la reducciones pero con un dominio colonial no consolidado. Los espacios fronterizos no son habitados permanentemente por los españoles y la dominación y control del Estado suelen ser esporádicos. Por tanto, la experiencia misional se transforma en un mecanismo que pretende vigilar y controlar, pero que para existir en un territorio cuyo dominio es detentado por otras sociedades debe negociar con las mismas sus condiciones de existencia. ¿Cómo afectó esta situación a la constitución de ┤chacras' y ┤estancias' productivas? ¿En qué medida estos establecimientos se integraron a la red de establecimientos que la Compañía posee en tierras ┤españolas'? ¿La organización es similar en el ámbito fronterizo y en el ámbito ┤efectivamente' colonizado?

Guayaquil: un puerto colonial en los mares del sur, siglo XVIII (Estudios)

Este artículo analiza el emplazamiento urbano, las dinámicas económicas y las relaciones sociales que caracterizaron a Guayaquil durante el XVIII. El desarrollo económico y productivo que experimentó la ciudad-puerto se debió a su feraz entorno natural y a las posibilidades de comunicación que brindó el sistema fluvial del Guayas. Se analizan las particularidades de su estructura social, las relaciones entre la élite y los sectores subalternos, la estructura político-administrativa del Cabildo y la influencia que este centro urbano ejerció sobre los pueblos y partidos ubicados en su hinterland.

Alimentação alternativa de frangos tipo colonial com resíduo agroindustrial de fruta

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Identification of the local productive systems in Spain: a new approach

Paper submitted to the 44th European Congress of the European Regional Science Association, Porto, 25-29 August 2004.

A "Greater Britain": colonial kin in fictions of settlement, 1850-1890

This dissertation traces the ways in which nineteenth-century fictional narratives of white settlement represent “family” as, on the one hand, an abstract theoretical model for a unified and relatively homogenous British settler empire and on the other, a fundamental challenge to ideas about imperial integrity and transnational Anglo-Saxon racial identification. I argue that representations of transoceanic white families in nineteenth-century fictions about Australian settler colonialism negotiate the tension between the bounded domesticity of an insular English nation and the kind of kinship that spans oceans and continents as a result of mass emigration from the British isles to the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and the Australian colonies. As such, these fictions construct productive analogies between the familial metaphors and affective language in the political discourse of “Greater Britain”—-a transoceanic imagined community of British settler colonies and their “mother country” united by race and language—-and ideas of family, gender, and domesticity as they operate within specific bourgeois families. Concerns over the disruption of transoceanic families bear testament to contradictions between the idea of a unified imperial identity (both British and Anglo-Saxon), the proliferation of fractured local identities (such as settlers’ English, Irish Catholic, and Australian nationalisms), and the conspicuous absence of indigenous families from narratives of settlement. I intervene at the intersection of postcolonial literary criticism and gender theory by examining the strategic deployments of heteronormative kinship metaphors and metonymies in the rhetorical consolidation of settler colonial space. Settler colonialism was distinct from the “civilizing” domination of subject peoples in South Asia in that it depended on the rhetorical construction of colonial territory as empty space or as land occupied by nearly extinct “primitive” races. This dissertation argues that political rhetoric, travel narratives, and fiction used the image of white female bourgeois reproductive power and sentimental attachment as a technology for settler colonial success, embodying this technology both in the benevolent figure of the metropolitan “mother country” (the paternalistic female counter to the material realities of patriarchal and violent settler colonial practices) and in fictional juxtapositions of happy white settler fecund families with the solitary self-extinguishing figure of the black aboriginal “savage.” Yet even in the narratives where the continuity and coherence of families across imperial space is questioned—-and “Greater Britain” itself—-domesticity and heteronormative familial relations effectively rewrite settler space as white, Anglo-Saxon and bourgeois, and the sentimentalism of troubled European families masks the presence and genocide of indigenous aboriginal peoples. I analyze a range of novels and political texts, canonical and non-canonical, metropolitan and colonial. My introductory first chapter examines the discourse on a “Greater Britain” in the travel narratives of J.A. Froude, Charles Wentworth Dilke, and Anthony Trollope and in the Oxbridge lectures of Herman Merivale and J.R. Seeley. These writers make arguments for an imperial economy of affect circulating between Britain and the settler colonies that reinforces political connections, and at times surpasses the limits of political possibility by relying on the language of sentiment and feeling to build a transoceanic “Greater British” community. Subsequent chapters show how metropolitan and colonial fiction writers, including Charles Dickens, Anthony Trollope, Marcus Clarke, Henry Kingsley, and Catherine Helen Spence, test the viability of this “Greater British” economy of affect by presenting transoceanic family connections and structures straining under the weight of forces including the vast distances between colonies and the “mother country,” settler violence, and the transportation system.

Trade unions and the economic performance of brazilian establishments

Este artigo analisa, pela primeira vez na literatura, o impacto dos sindicatos de trabalhadores em vários indicadores de desempenho econômico de firmas industriais brasileiras. Realizou-se uma pesquisa retrospectiva sobre a densidade sindical de 1000 estabelecimentos industriais brasileiros e seus resultados foram combinados aos indicadores de desempenho econômico da Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA) de 1990 a 2000. Os resultados indicam que a relação entre a densidade sindical na firma e seus salários, emprego e produtividade, é não-linear, ou seja, um aumento no grau de sindicalização leva a um melhor desempenho, porém a taxas decrescentes. Observou-se, também, uma relação negativa entre sindicalização e rentabilidade. Finalmente, estabelecimentos que introduziram mecanismos de 'participação nos lucros' aumentaram sua produtividade e rentabilidade no período e pagaram maiores salários nas firmas onde o grau de sindicalização era maior.

O projeto museográfico da exposição Cartografia de uma história - São Paulo colonial: mapas e relatos

Este artigo apresenta o projeto museográfico da exposição Cartografia de uma história, inaugurada no Museu Paulista da Universidade de São Paulo em março de 2005. O projeto museográfico foi concebido e elaborado a partir do diálogo entre as propostas da equipe de pesquisa e os dados do perfil dos visitantes do Museu, constituindo-se assim um trabalho integrado, que buscava tratar de forma lúdica o ato de descobrir.

Productive performance and milk protein fraction composition of dairy cows supplemented with sodium monensin

The objective of this work was to evaluate the levels of sodium monensin on lactating cows and their effects on productive performance and milk protein fraction composition. It was used 12 Holstein cows, distributed in four balanced 3 × 3 Latin squares, and fed three diets: one control without monensin, and two diets with monensin at the levels of 24 or 48 mg/kg DM added to the concentrate. Milk production was daily measured throughout the entire experimental period. The samples used for analysis of milk composition were collected on two alternated days from the two daily milking. Non-protein nitrogen, total nitrogen and non-casein nitrogen contents were directly evaluated in the milk, and casein, whey protein and true protein contents were indirectly determined. The use of monensin in the rations reduced dry matter and nutrient intake, especially when diet with 48 mg/kg of dry matter was given. The ration with 24 mg/kg of DM increased milk production, with or without correction, and also fat and lactose yield, and it improved productive efficiency. The levels of monensin in the ratios did not influence contents of milk crude protein, non-protein nitrogen, non-casein nitrogen, true protein, casein, casein/true protein ratio, whey protein, and of all those fractions expressed as percentage of crude protein. The utilization of monensin in the ratio at the dose of 24 mg/kg of DM influences positively the productive performance of lactating cows, and it does not influence the composition of milk protein fractions.

Productive performance and composition of milk protein fraction in dairy cows supplemented with fat sources

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of fat sources in rations for lactating cows on the productive performance and composition of milk protein fraction. Twelve Holstein cows were used, grouped in three balanced 4 × 4 Latin squares, fed with the following rations: control; refined soybean oil; whole raw soybean; and calcium salts of unsaturated fatty acid (Megalac-E). Dry matter and nutrient intake, and daily milk production were evaluated. The samples used to analyze milk composition were collected in two alternate days and were obtained from two daily milking. Milk composition and total nitrogen, non-protein nitrogen and non-casein nitrogen ratios were analyzed. The casein, serum protein and true protein ratios were obtained by difference. Dry matter and nutrient intakes were lower when cows received the diet containing calcium salts of fatty acids, in relation to the control diet. Among the diets with fat sources, the one with whole raw soybean and calcium salts decreased milk production. There was no effect of fat sources added to the diet on crude protein, non-protein nitrogen, non-casein nitrogen, true protein, casein, casein/milk true protein ratio and serum protein. Similarly, the experimental diets did not influence the protein fractions when expressed in percentage of milk crude protein. The utilization of fat sources in diets changes milk production and composition of lactating cows, but does not influence the composition of milk protein fractions.

Genetic parameters for productive life traits and reproductive efficiency traits at 6 years in Nellore cattle

The objective of the present study was to estimate (co)variance components for length of productive life (LPL) and some alternative reproductive traits of 6-year-old Nellore cattle. The data set contained 57,410 records for age at first calving from Nellore females and was edited to remove animal records with uncertain paternity and cows with just one piece of calving information. Only animals with age at first calving ranging from 23 to 48 months and calving intervals between 11 and 24 months were kept for analysis. LPL and life production ( LP) were used to describe productive life. LPL was defined as the number of months a cow was kept in the herd until she was 6 years old, given that she was alive at first calving and LP was defined as total number of calves in that time. Four traits were used to describe reproductive traits: two breeding efficiencies on original scale were estimated using Wilcox and Tomar functions (BEW and BET, respectively), and two breeding efficiencies transformed (ASBEW and ASBET, respectively), using the function [arcsine (square root (BEi/100))]. Estimates of heritability for measures of LPL and LP were low and ranged from 0.04 to 0.05. Estimates of heritability for breeding efficiencies on original and transformed scales oscillated from 0.18 to 0.32. Estimates of genetic correlations ranged from -0.57 to 0.79 for LPL and other traits and from 0.28 to 0.63 for LP and other traits.

Monocoryne colonialis sp nov., a colonial candelabrid hydroid (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Candelabridae) from the North Pacific

Monocoryne colonialis sp. nov. is described from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. The new species is unusual among candelabrid hydroids in having a colonial growth form, differing from its congeners in the shape and size of hydranths, in having stolons that anastomose, and by having tentacles not fused or only partly fused into bract-like structures.

Quality of sugarcane in productive process of ethanol evaluated by INAA

Soil as an impurity in sugarcane is a serious problem for the ethanol industry, increasing production and maintenance costs and reducing the productivity. Fe, Hf, Sc and Th determined by INAA were used as tracers to assess the amount of soil in sugarcane from truckloads as well as in the juice extraction process. Quality control tools were applied to results identifying the need for stratification according to soil type and moisture. Soil levels of truckloads had high variability indicating potential for improving cut and loading operations. Samples from the juice extraction process allowed tracking the soil in the mill tandem.