968 resultados para Production zones.
Resumo:
While the genetic control of wheat processing characteristics such as dough rheology is well understood, limited information is available concerning the genetic control of baking parameters, particularly sponge and dough (S&D) baking. In this study, a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed using a population of doubled haploid lines derived from a cross between Australian cultivars Kukri x Janz grown at sites across different Australian wheat production zones (Queensland in 2001 and 2002 and Southern and Northern New South Wales in 2003) in order to examine the genetic control of protein content, protein expression, dough rheology and sponge and dough baking performance. The study highlighted the inconsistent genetic control of protein content across the test sites, with only two loci (3A and 7A) showing QTL at three of the five sites. Dough rheology QTL were highly consistent across the 5 sites, with major effects associated with the Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci. The Glu-D1 5 + 10 allele had consistent effects on S&D properties across sites; however, there was no evidence for a positive effect of the high dough strength Glu-B1-al allele at Glu-B1. A second locus on 5D had positive effects on S&D baking at three of five sites. This study demonstrated that dough rheology measurements were poor predictors of S&D quality. In the absence of robust predictive tests, high heritability values for S&D demonstrate that direct selection is the current best option for achieving genetic gain in this product category.
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Objective To describe the influence of the dingo (Canis lupus dingo) on the past, present and future distributions of sheep in Australia. Design The role of the dingo in the rise and fall of sheep numbers is reviewed, revised data are provided on the present distribution and density of sheep and dingoes, and historical patterns of sheep distribution are used to explore the future of rangeland sheep grazing. Results Dingoes are a critical causal factor in the distribution of sheep at the national, regional and local levels. Dingo predation contributed substantially to the historical contraction of the sheep industry to its present-day distribution, which is almost exclusively confined to areas within fenced dingo exclusion zones. Dingo populations and/or their influence are now present and increasing in all sheep production zones of Australia, inclusive of areas that were once dingo free'. Conclusions Rangeland production of wool and sheep meat is predicted to disappear within 30-40 years if the present rate of contraction of the industry continues unabated. Understanding the influence of dingoes on sheep production may help refine disease response strategies and help predict the future distribution of sheep and their diseases.
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Produced water is characterized as one of the most common wastes generated during exploration and production of oil. This work aims to develop methodologies based on comparative statistical processes of hydrogeochemical analysis of production zones in order to minimize types of high-cost interventions to perform identification test fluids - TIF. For the study, 27 samples were collected from five different production zones were measured a total of 50 chemical species. After the chemical analysis was applied the statistical data, using the R Statistical Software, version 2.11.1. Statistical analysis was performed in three steps. In the first stage, the objective was to investigate the behavior of chemical species under study in each area of production through the descriptive graphical analysis. The second step was to identify a function that classify production zones from each sample, using discriminant analysis. In the training stage, the rate of correct classification function of discriminant analysis was 85.19%. The next stage of processing of the data used for Principal Component Analysis, by reducing the number of variables obtained from the linear combination of chemical species, try to improve the discriminant function obtained in the second stage and increase the discrimination power of the data, but the result was not satisfactory. In Profile Analysis curves were obtained for each production area, based on the characteristics of the chemical species present in each zone. With this study it was possible to develop a method using hydrochemistry and statistical analysis that can be used to distinguish the water produced in mature fields of oil, so that it is possible to identify the zone of production that is contributing to the excessive elevation of the water volume.
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This study investigates the chemical species produced water from the reservoir areas of oil production in the field of Monte Alegre (onshore production) with a proposal of developing a model applied to the identification of the water produced in different zones or groups of zones.Starting from the concentrations of anions and cátions from water produced as input parameters in Linear Discriminate Analysis, it was possible to estimate and compare the model predictions respecting the particularities of their methods in order to ascertain which one would be most appropriate. The methods Resubstitution, Holdout Method and Lachenbruch were used for adjustment and general evaluation of the built models. Of the estimated models for Wells producing water for a single production area, the most suitable method was the "Holdout Method and had a hit rate of 90%. Discriminant functions (CV1, CV2 and CV3) estimated in this model were used to modeling new functions for samples ofartificial mixtures of produced water (producedin our laboratory) and samples of mixtures actualproduced water (water collected inwellsproducingmore thanonezone).The experiment with these mixtures was carried out according to a schedule experimental mixtures simplex type-centroid also was simulated in which the presence of water from steam injectionin these tanks fora part of amostras. Using graphs of two and three dimensions was possible to estimate the proportion of water in the production area
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The Camorim Oilfield, discovered in 1970 in the shallow water domain of the Sergipe Sub-basin, produces hydrocarbons from the Carmópolis Member of the Muribeca Formation, the main reservoir interval, interpreted as siliciclastics deposited in an alluvial-fluvial-deltaic context during a late rifting phase of Neoaptian age, in the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. The structural setting of the field defines different production blocks, being associated to the evolution of the Atalaia High during the rift stage and subsequent reactivations, encompassing NE-SW trending major normal faults and NWEW trending secondary faults. The complexity of this field is related to the strong facies variation due to the interaction between continental and coastal depositional environments, coupled with strata juxtaposition along fault blocks. This study aims to geologically characterize its reservoirs, to provide new insights to well drilling locations in order to increase the recovery factor of the field. Facies analysis based on drill cores and geophysical logs and the 3D interpretation of a seismic volume, provide a high resolution stratigraphic analysis approach to be applied in this geodynamic transitional context between the rift and drift evolutionary stages of the basin. The objective was to define spatial and time relations between production zones and the preferential directions of fluid flow, using isochore maps that represent the external geometry of the deposits and facies distribution maps to characterize the internal heterogeneities of these intervals, identified in a 4th order stratigraphic zoning. This work methodology, integrated in a 3D geological modelling process, will help to optimize well drilling and hydrocarbons production. This methodology may be applied in other reservoirs in tectonic and depositional contexts similar to the one observed at Camorim, for example, the oil fields in the Aracaju High, Sergipe Sub-basin, which together represent the largest volume of oil in place in onshore Brazilian basins
Resumo:
Produced water is characterized as one of the most common wastes generated during exploration and production of oil. This work aims to develop methodologies based on comparative statistical processes of hydrogeochemical analysis of production zones in order to minimize types of high-cost interventions to perform identification test fluids - TIF. For the study, 27 samples were collected from five different production zones were measured a total of 50 chemical species. After the chemical analysis was applied the statistical data, using the R Statistical Software, version 2.11.1. Statistical analysis was performed in three steps. In the first stage, the objective was to investigate the behavior of chemical species under study in each area of production through the descriptive graphical analysis. The second step was to identify a function that classify production zones from each sample, using discriminant analysis. In the training stage, the rate of correct classification function of discriminant analysis was 85.19%. The next stage of processing of the data used for Principal Component Analysis, by reducing the number of variables obtained from the linear combination of chemical species, try to improve the discriminant function obtained in the second stage and increase the discrimination power of the data, but the result was not satisfactory. In Profile Analysis curves were obtained for each production area, based on the characteristics of the chemical species present in each zone. With this study it was possible to develop a method using hydrochemistry and statistical analysis that can be used to distinguish the water produced in mature fields of oil, so that it is possible to identify the zone of production that is contributing to the excessive elevation of the water volume.
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The accuracy of two satellite models of marine primary (PP) and new production (NP) were assessed against 14C and 15N uptake measurements taken during six research cruises in the northern North Atlantic. The wavelength resolving model (WRM) was more accurate than the Vertical General Production Model (VGPM) for computation of both PP and NP. Mean monthly satellite maps of PP and NP for both models were generated from 1997 to 2010 using SeaWiFS data for the Irminger basin and North Atlantic. Intra- and inter-annual variability of the two models was compared in six hydrographic zones. Both models exhibited similar spatio-temporal patterns: PP and NP increased from April to June and decreased by August. Higher values were associated with the East Greenland Current (EGC), Iceland Basin (ICB) and the Reykjanes Ridge (RKR) and lower values occurred in the Central Irminger Current (CIC), North Irminger Current (NIC) and Southern Irminger Current (SIC). The annual PP and NP over the SeaWiFS record was 258 and 82 gC m-2 yr-1 respectively for the VGPM and 190 and 41 gC m-2 yr-1 for the WRM. Average annual cumulative sum in the anomalies of NP for the VGPM were positively correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the EGC, CIC and SIC and negatively correlated with the multivariate ENSO index (MEI) in the ICB. By contrast, cumulative sum of the anomalies of NP for the WRM were significantly correlated with NAO only in the EGC and CIC. NP from both VGPM and WRM exhibited significant negative correlations with Arctic Oscillation (AO) in all hydrographic zones. The differences in estimates of PP and NP in these hydrographic zones arise principally from the parameterisation of the euphotic depth and the SST dependence of photo-physiological term in the VGPM, which has a greater sensitivity to variations in temperature than the WRM. In waters of 0 to 5C PP using the VGPM was 43% higher than WRM, from 5 to 10C the VGPM was 29% higher and from 10 to 15C the VGPM was 27% higher.
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Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d'interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique REMI, ce rapport effectue un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel des départements Nord, Pas-de-Calais, et Somme. Il présente l'ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l'estimation de la qualité des zones de production de coquillages classées et l'évolution de leur qualité. La qualité a pu être estimée sur 13 zones. Suivant les seuils microbiologiques de l'arrêté du 21 mai 1999, onze zones sont estimées de qualité B, et deux zones de qualité C. Suivant les seuils microbiologiques du Règlement (CE) no 85412004, onze zones sont estimées de qualité B et deux zones de qualité D. Les tendances d'évolution des niveaux de contamination mettent en évidence une décroissance du niveau de contamination sur une zone et une croissance pour une zone. L'année 2007 a été marquée par une augmentation du nombre d'alertes.
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Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique REMI et du réseau de surveillance chimique ROCCH, ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel de la Région Corse. Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées : les étangs de la plaine orientale de la Corse.
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Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique REMI et du réseau de surveillance chimique ROCCH, ce rapport décrit les programmes annuels de suivi microbiologique et chimique des zones conchylicoles de Normandie (départements Seine-Maritime, Calvados, Manche). Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus de 2013 à 2015, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées. Ce rapport intègre également les résultats du réseau « Coquillages » de l’Agence Régionale de Santé de Basse Normandie dans le cadre de la surveillance de la qualité des zones de pêche à pieds récréative.
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Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique des zones de production conchylicoles (REMI) et du réseau d’observation de la contamination chimique (ROCCH), ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel du département des Côtes d’Armor (22). Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées. Pour la deuxième fois consécutive, les résultats du suivi microbiologique sont globalement bons dans le département des Côtes d’Armor. Les alertes ont été également peu nombreuses. Il y en a eu cinq de niveau 1 et une de niveau 2. L’estimation de la qualité sanitaire s’améliore en 2015 notamment pour les fouisseurs, mais les résultats de l’année 2013 pénalisent encore certaines zones proches de la bonne qualité. Il n’existe plus de zone présentant une mauvaise ou très mauvaise qualité sanitaire dans les Côtes d’Armor.
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Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique des zones de production conchylicoles (REMI) et du réseau d’observation de la contamination chimique (ROCCH), ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel du département de l’Ille-et-Vilaine (35). Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées. Pour la deuxième année consécutive, les résultats du suivi microbiologique sont globalement bons dans le département d’Ille-et-Vilaine. Les alertes ont été également très peu nombreuses, une seule alerte en centre Rance en 2015 est recensée. L’estimation de la qualité sanitaire s’améliore en 2015 pour quelques sites. Par exemple en baie du Mont Saint- Michel où trois zones sont estimées de bonne qualité. Mais les résultats de l’année 2013 pénalisent encore certaines zones conchylicoles, notamment en Rance et en baie de Saint-Malo ou la situation reste fragile. Cela concerne notamment deux zones estimées en très mauvaise qualité. Deux autres zones, en baie de Saint-Malo et dans l’estuaire de la Rance, actuellement classées B, ne disposent pas d’assez de données pour pouvoir estimer leur qualité. La récupération des échantillons provenant de ces zones est dépendante de la collaboration des pêcheurs. Une convention avec le CDPMEM 35 (Comité Départementale des Pêches Maritimes et des Elevages Marin d’Ille-et-Vilaine) a été signée en novembre 2015 pour améliorer la situation.
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Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique REMI et du réseau de surveillance chimique ROCCH, ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel des départements de l’Aude et des Pyrénées orientales. Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées.
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Après un rappel des objectifs, du fonctionnement et de la méthode d’interprétation des résultats du réseau de contrôle microbiologique REMI et du réseau de surveillance chimique ROCCH, ce rapport inclut un bilan national et décrit le programme annuel des départements de l’Hérault et du Gard. Il présente l’ensemble des résultats obtenus, en particulier l’estimation de la qualité microbiologique et chimique des zones de production de coquillages classées.
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A novel approach to large-scale production of high-quality graphene flakes in magnetically-enhanced arc discharges between carbon electrodes is reported. A non-uniform magnetic field is used to control the growth and deposition zones, where the Y-Ni catalyst experiences a transition to the ferromagnetic state, which in turn leads to the graphene deposition in a collection area. The quality of the produced material is characterized by the SEM, TEM, AFM, and Raman techniques. The proposed growth mechanism is supported by the nucleation and growth model.