Síntese e caracterização do líquido iônico tetrafluoroborato de 1-metil-3-(2,6-(S)-dimetiloct-2-eno)-imidazol como eletrólito para produção de hidrogênio via eletrólise da água

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic compounds liquid at room temperature, good electrical conductors, with the potential to form as a means for electrolyte on electrolysis of water, in which the electrodes would not be subjected to such extreme conditions demanding chemistry [1]. This paper describes the synthesis, characterization and study of the feasibility of ionic liquid ionic liquid 1-methyl-3(2,6-(S)-dimethyloct-2-ene)-imidazole tetrafluoroborate (MDI-BF4) as electrolyte to produce hydrogen through electrolysis of water. The MDI-BF4 synthesized was characterized by thermal methods of analysis (Thermogravimetric Analysis - TG and Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC), mid-infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform by method of attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hydrogen (NMR 1H) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Where thermal methods were used to calculate the yield of the synthesis of MDI-BF4 which was 88.84%, characterized infrared spectroscopy functional groups of the compound and the binding B-F 1053 cm-1; the NMR 1H analyzed and compared with literature data defines the structure of MDI-BF4 and the current density achieved by MDI-BF4 in the voltammogram shows that the LI can conduct electrical current indicating that the MDI-BF4 is a good electrolyte, and that their behavior does not change with the increasing concentration of water

Análise energética, exergética e ecológica da incorporação da produção de hidrogênio ao setor sucroalcooleiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise técnica e econômica de um reformador de etanol para produção de hidrogênio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise termoquímica de reformador de etanol: produção de hidrogênio para acionamento de uma célula combustível do tipo PEM de 1 KW

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Análise termoeconômica e ecológica da incorporação do processo de produção de hidrogênio em uma planta de produção de biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Aspectos técnico, econômicos e ecológicos de processos de produção de hidrogênio

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Produção de hidrogênio por reforma a vapor de biogás

A new approach to generating clean energy has been studied by several researchers, among which one can highlight the steam reforming of biogas. The Biogas is result of decomposition of organic matter and it hasn’t been availed in the global level, instead, the biogas has been burned in flare or discarded into the atmosphere providing damage to the environment. The generation of vector biogas energy can be realized through its steam reforming and this work examines briefly the types of digesters used for biogas generation, studying the process of steam reforming to generate hydrogen as energy vector, analyzing each step in detail, seeking to adapt its main features an ethanol reformer for a biogas reformer. Besides this it is estimated the yield of the reform process and the boiler efficiency for efficiency of the process

Aspectos técnicos e ambientais da incorporação de novas tecnologias no setor sucroalcooleiro: produção de hidrogênio e gaseificação do bagaço

The purpose of this work is to study the incorporation of hydrogen production (Case A) and the process of gasification of sugarcane bagasse associated with combined cycle gas turbine and steam turbine (Case B) for Distillery Pioneers process. These technologies can be used to improve the energy supply in the sugarcane mill. Initially the processes for obtaining sugar and ethanol from sugarcane is discussed, with a theoretical introduction to hydrogen, the process of steam reforming and gasification of biomass (bagasse) by inserting a turbine associated with the recovery boiler gas. Subsequently makes up the energy and exergy analysis of the incorporation of the above technologies. In end stage makes it an ecological analysis considering or not the carbon cycle (photosynthesis), to determine the levels of emissions of pollutants, carbon dioxide equivalent, indicators of pollution and ecological efficiencies associated with technological developments proposed. It is concluded that hydrogen production by steam reforming of ethanol and gasification of bagasse are viable alternatives from the point of view of technical and environmental applications in the biofuels industry, contributing to the development of the sector in the country

Incorporação de novas tecnologias no setor sucroalcooleiro: produção de hidrogênio e aumento da oferta de eletricidade

This work studies the incorporation of new technologies in the sugarcane sector. Are considered the ethanol steam reforming and the gasification of sugarcane bagasse(by-product) processes associated with combined cycle systems (Gas Turbine + Steam Turbine), aggregating hydrogen production and increased electricity supply in the sector, respectively. To verify the technical feasibility of the incorporation processes was performed a thermodynamic analysis, considering data from a typical Brazilian Sugar Cane Industry. In another step the economic viability study of the hydrogen production process was made, with consideration on hydrated and anhydrous ethanol steam reform, comparing the cost of hydrogen production. Also considered studies of economic engineering of the gasification process and the generation of electricity associated. As conclusions, it follows that the ethanol steam reforming is a great alternative for hydrogen production, presenting production cost relatively low, especially when is considered the steam reforming of hydrated ethanol. For the gasification process associated with combined cycle, can be observed an increase of 8.56 times of the electricity production in the sugar cane industry, indicating a positive annual saving when the sales price of the supply electricity is greater than 0.070 US$/kWh. Finally it can be concluded that the incorporation of these new processes allow greater profitability and operational flexibility of Brazilian sugarcane mills

Estudo da produção de hidrogênio eletrolítico a partir de fontes eólica, solar e hidrelétrica

Introduces technical, economic and environmentally competitive solutions in the energy market is a great challenge for society. This work examines each of these aspects considering the production of electrolytic hydrogen with energy from wind power, solar and hydropower, in order to ensure an overview of this energy carrier. Initially, an assessment of the technical aspects is made addressing existing electrolysers technologies, its main characteristics and differences. The geographical distribution of wind, solar and hydroelectric potential in Brazil is also mapped, and a configuration scheme of a hydrogen production system is discussed. Subsequently, the economic analysis calculates the cost of investment in the alkaline electrolyser of 60 Nm³ / h, similar to the Brazilian bus powered by hydrogen project, coordinated by EMTU. Since the main input of electrolysis is electricity, is analyzed the latest energy auctions of each primary source and it is calculated the cost of production of the wind, solar and hydropower hydrogen. Postponed to this, are investigated the intrinsic environmental impacts of electricity generation process, proposing a readjustment of an indicator of ecological efficiency for the production of hydrogen. Finally, the work discusses the concept of externalities and demonstrates how the incorporation of external costs can leverage the hydrogen economy. In short, it is evident that the wind and hydroelectric hydrogens are more promising compared to solar hydrogen, whether in the economic aspect, because it achieved lower costs, whether in the environmental aspect, because it reached the highest ecological efficiency

Aspectos técnicos, econômicos e de sustentabilidade da produção de hidrogênio renovável

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Produção de hidrogênio por fermentação por um novo isolado de Clostridium beijerinckii

O hidrogênio (H2) tem sido considerado uma fonte de energia limpa bastante promissora, pois sua combustão origina apenas moléculas de água, sendo uma alternativa ao uso de combustíveis fósseis. Entretanto, os métodos atuais de produção de H2 demandam matérias-primas finitas e uma grande quantidade de energia, tornando a sua obtenção não sustentável. Mais recentemente, a via fermentativa tem sido considerada para a produção de H2, utilizando como matérias-primas efluentes industriais, materiais lignocelulósicos e biomassa de algas, denominado de bio-hidrogênio de primeira, segunda e terceira geração, respectivamente. Neste trabalho foi isolada uma bactéria anaeróbia a partir de uma cultura mista (lodo) de um sistema de tratamento de vinhaça, após pré-tratamento do lodo a pH 3 por 12 horas. Este microrganismo foi identificado com 99% de similaridade como Clostridium beijerinckii com base na sequência do gene RNAr 16S denominado de C. beijerinckii Br21. A temperatura e o pH mais adequados para o crescimento e produção de H2 por esta cultura foi 35 °C e pH inicial 7,0. A bactéria possui a capacidade de utilizar ampla variedade de fontes de carbono para a produção de H2 por fermentação, especialmente, monossacarídeos resultantes da hidrólise de biomassa de algas, tais como glicose, galactose e manose. Foram realizados ensaios em batelada para a produção de H2 com a bactéria isolada empregando diferentes concentrações de glicose e galactose, visando a sua futura utilização em hidrolisados de alga. Os parâmetros cinéticos dos ensaios de fermentação estimados pelo modelo de Gompertz modificado, como a velocidade máxima de produção (Rm), a quantidade máxima de hidrogênio produzido (Hmáx) e o tempo necessário para o início da produção de hidrogênio (fase lag) para a glicose (15 g/L) foram de: 58,27 mL de H2/h, 57,68 mmol de H2 e 8,29 h, respectivamente. Para a galactose (15 g/L), a Rm, Hmáx e foram de 67,64 mL de H2/h, 47,61 mmol de H2 e 17,22 horas, respectivamente. O principal metabólito detectado ao final dos ensaios de fermentação, foi o ácido butírico, seguido pelo ácido acético e o etanol, tanto para os ensaios com glicose, como com galactose. C. beijerinckii é um candidato bastante promissor para a produção de H2 por fermentação a partir de glicose e galactose e, consequentemente, a partir de biomassa de algas como substratos.

Bacterias anaeróbias como fábricas celulares: produção de hidrogénio e butirato por clostridium sp.

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

Síntese e caracterização do líquido iônico tetrafluoroborato de 1-metil-3-(2,6-(S)-dimetiloct-2-eno)-imidazol como eletrólito para produção de hidrogênio via eletrólise da água

Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic compounds liquid at room temperature, good electrical conductors, with the potential to form as a means for electrolyte on electrolysis of water, in which the electrodes would not be subjected to such extreme conditions demanding chemistry [1]. This paper describes the synthesis, characterization and study of the feasibility of ionic liquid ionic liquid 1-methyl-3(2,6-(S)-dimethyloct-2-ene)-imidazole tetrafluoroborate (MDI-BF4) as electrolyte to produce hydrogen through electrolysis of water. The MDI-BF4 synthesized was characterized by thermal methods of analysis (Thermogravimetric Analysis - TG and Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC), mid-infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform by method of attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of hydrogen (NMR 1H) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Where thermal methods were used to calculate the yield of the synthesis of MDI-BF4 which was 88.84%, characterized infrared spectroscopy functional groups of the compound and the binding B-F 1053 cm-1; the NMR 1H analyzed and compared with literature data defines the structure of MDI-BF4 and the current density achieved by MDI-BF4 in the voltammogram shows that the LI can conduct electrical current indicating that the MDI-BF4 is a good electrolyte, and that their behavior does not change with the increasing concentration of water

Reforma a vapor catalítica do metano: Otimização da produção e seletividade em hidrogênio por absorção in situ do CO2 produzido

Topics of research related to energy and environment have significantly grown in recent years, with the need of its own energy as hydrogen. More particularly, numerous researches have been focused on hydrogen as energy vector. The main portion of hydrogen is presently obtained by reforming of methane or light hydrocarbons (steam, oxy, dry or auto reforming). During the methane steam reforming process the formation of CO2 undesirable (the main contributor to the greenhouse effect) is observed. Thus, an oxide material (sorbent) can be used to capture the CO2 generated during the process and simultaneously shifting the equilibrium of water gas shift towards thermodynamically more favorable production of pure hydrogen. The aim of this study is to develop a material with dual function (catalyst/sorbent) in the reaction of steam reforming of methane. CaO is well known as CO2 sorbent due to its high efficiency in reactions of carbonation and easy regeneration through calcination. However the kinetic of carbonation decreases quickly with time and carbonation/calcination cycles. A calcium aluminate (Ca12Al14O33) should be used to avoid sintering and increase the stability of CaO sorbents for several cycles. Nickel, the industrial catalyst choice for steam reforming has been added to the support from different manners. These bi-functional materials (sorbent/catalyst) in different molar ratios CaO.Ca12Al14O33 (48:52, 65:35, 75:25, 90:10) were prepared by different synthesis methodologies, among them, especially the method of microwave assisted self-combustion. Synthesis, structure and catalytic performances of Ni- CaO.Ca12Al14O33 synthesized by the novel method (microwave assisted selfcombustion) proposed in this work has not being reported yet in literature. The results indicate that CO2 capture time depends both on the CaO excess and on operating conditions (eg., temperature and H2O/CH4 ratio). To be efficient for CO2 sorption, temperature of steam reforming needs to be lower than 700 °C. An optimized percentage corresponding to 75% of CaO and a ratio H2O/CH4 = 1 provides the most promising results since a smaller amount of water avoids competition between water and CO2 to form carbonate and hydroxide. If this competition is most effective (H2O/CH4 = 3) and would have a smaller amount of CaO available for absorption possibly due to the formation of Ca(OH)2. Therefore, the capture time was higher (16h) for the ratio H2O/CH4 = 1 than H2O/CH4 = 3 (7h) using as catalyst one prepared by impregnating the support obtained by microwave assisted self-combustion. Therefore, it was demonstrated that, with these catalysts, the CO2 sorption on CaO modifies the balance of the water gas-shift reaction. Consequently, steam reforming of CH4 is optimized, producing pure H2, complete conversion of methane and negligible concentration of CO2 and CO during the time of capture even at low temperature (650 °C). This validates the concept of the sorption of CO2 together with methane steam reforming