Population differentiation of Procypris rabaudi (Tchang) in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River revealed by mitochondrial DNA and RAPD markers

Procypris rabaudi (Tchang) is a cyprinid fish endermic to middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Besides in main stream and large tributaries, there exists an early matured, small-sized ecological type in a small tributary, Tang River. In this study, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome h (cyt b) gene sequence analysis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis were performed to investigate the differentiation of the Tang River population from the Mudong reach population of the Yangtze River, with the purpose of conservation and exploitation of this fish. In the 1140 bps of cyt b gene sequence surveyed, 20 sites were found polymorphic, which defined 23 haplotypes. Among them, four haplotypes accounted for 54.4% of all individuals, while population-specific haplotypes occurred in low frequencies. Analysis of molecular variation on cyt b data revealed no significant partition existing between Tang River population and Mudong reach population. Analyses of 132 RAPD loci suggested that genetic variation between populations was significant, though values of different F-ST were not very high. The results revealed low genetic diversity and the beginning of population differentiation, suggesting that Tang River population should be designated as a separate Management Unit.

Shrinkage of Gobiocypris rarus, Procypris rabaudi, and Sinilabeo rendahli preserved in formalin

Length measurements of preserved fishes are necessary in many types of fish surveys because logistics often do not allow for fish measurement immediately after catch. If the fixative causes significant shrinkage, then the preserved lengths cannot be directly used to indicate accurate live lengths. The objective of this study was to determine how preservation in formalin affects standard length of Gobiocypris rarus larvae (24-day-old and newly hatched), larval Procypris rabaudi (4-day-old), and larval Sinilabeo rendahli (12-day-old). Fishes were measured (to nearest 0.01 mm) and individually fixed in the appropriate formalin solution (2.5% or 5.0% formalin), then re-measured at 0.5, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 45 and 75 days after preservation to follow the time course of shrinkage. Most of the shrinkage occurred within the first half day after preservation. The 5.0% formalin caused a higher relative shrinkage rate than did the 2.5% solution; however, the difference was not statistically significant. In G. rarus, initial shrinkage of newly hatched larvae was higher than that of 24-day-old larvae.

Rearing of Procypris rabaudi during early life-history stages

The early life-history of Chinese rock carp Procypris rabaudi was investigated during a 56-day rearing period: 318 artificially propagated P. rabaudi larvae were reared throughout metamorphosis in a small-scale recirculation system (345 L water volume, 10 x 18 L rearing tanks, 150 L storage and filter compartment with bioballs, 20-30 larvae L-1) at the Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The newly hatched larvae had an initial total length of 8.93 +/- 0.35 mm SD (n = 10) at 3 days post-hatch and reached an average total length of 33.29 mm (+/- 1.88 mm SD, n = 10) 56 days after hatching. Length increment averaged 0.45 mm day(-1), resulting in a mean growth of 24.4 mm within the 56-day period. High mortality rates of up to 92% derived from an introduced fungus infection and subsequent treatment stress with malachite green. Our results indicate that Chinese rock carp can be raised successfully from artificially fertilized eggs. We therefore assume this species to be a candidate for commercial aquaculture.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two species from Sinocyclocheilus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) and a phylogenetic analysis within Cyprininae

We determined the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences for two species of surface- and cave-dwelling-cyprinid fishes, Sinocyclocheilus grahami and S. altishoulderus. Sequence comparison of 13 protein-coding genes shows that the mutation pattern of each single gene is quite similar to those of other vertebrate animal species. Analysis of the ratios of Ka/Ks at these loci between Sinocyclocheilus and two other cyprinid species (Cyprinus carpio and Procypris rabaudi) show that Ka/Ks ratios are differed, consistent with purifying selection and variation in functional constraint among genes. Bayesian analysis and maximum likelihood analysis of the concatenated mitochondrial protein sequences for 14 cyprinid taxa support the monophyly of the family Cyprininae, and further confirm the monophyly of the genus Sinocyclocheilus. The two Sinocyclocheilus species fall within the Cyprinion-Onychostoma lineage, including Cyprinus, Carassius, and Procypris, rather than among the Barbinae, as previously suggested on morphological grounds.

泉水鱼的系统发育关系(英文)

泉水鱼（Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus）是我国特有的一种鲤科鱼类,它广泛分布于宜昌以上长江上游干流、长江在四川境内的支流和乌江中,常栖息于山溪溪流及具流水的岩洞中;以舔刮底栖生物为食。它具有十分独特的口唇结构。不少学者对其分类作过研究,Sauvage et Dabry（1880）将泉水鱼认作一个种,置于Discognathus属中,名之为D.prochilus;Tchang;（张春霖,1929）将泉水鱼鉴定为两个种,归入Gyrinocheilus属中,命名为G.pellegri

云南鲤属（Cyprinus）鱼类的分类整理

关于鲤属鱼类的分类，过去已有两次比较系统的研究，但对亚属的划分、种了阶元的判定等仍存在争议。原在是分类所循外形性状变异较大、互相重叠。本文试图从骨骼比较入手，寻找新的分类依据。经比较分析，鲤属鱼类的第一脊椎横突、上颌骨、额骨、枕骨突、犂骨、下咽骨和下颌骨等存在明显差异，可以作为分种的鉴别特征。据此重新分类整理，认为Mesocyprinus亚属仍能成立，产于洱海的厚唇鲤Cyprinus crassilabris Chen et Hwang这个名称无效，首次把它归入杞麓鲤Cyprinus carpio chilia Wu et al.的同物异名；Cyprinus pellegrini pellegrini Tchang、Cyprinus pellegrini barbatus Chen et Hwang、Cyprinus yunnanensis yunnanensis Tchang和Cyprinus yunanensis daliensis Chen et Hwang在骨骼上有明显分化，由亚种提升为和自独立的种。整理后统计去南共有鲤属鱼类12个种和亚种。以骨骼特征做出检索表。