Processo de trabalho em saúde bucal e necessidades de educação permanente: a experiência no PSF do Município de Petrópolis

A inserção das Equipes de Saúde Bucal no Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) representa um desafio na mudança do modelo de atenção, tradicionalmente centrado no indivíduo e na doença para uma abordagem integral do indivíduo inserido em seu contexto familiar, comunitário e social. A formação do cirurgião-dentista, eminentemente técnica e voltada para o mercado privado, não contribui para subsidiar o serviço público com profissionais preparados, com conhecimento da realidade social e necessidades de saúde da população usuária do Sistema Único de Saúde. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo principal conhecer o processo de trabalho das Equipes de Saúde Bucal no Programa de Saúde da Família do Município de Petrópolis, a partir das perspectivas dos profissionais cirurgiões-dentistas e identificar as tendências no manejo de situações-problema emergentes, no intuito de contribuir para o processo de Educação Permanente em Saúde. Com caráter exploratório e qualitativo, os métodos empregados foram a entrevista em grupo no formato de Grupo Focal, e inquérito realizado com o universo dos profissionais para caracterizar as atividades realizadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas no PSF. Subsidiariamente foram incluídas informações provenientes de participação observante da autora. A análise do inquérito permite caracterização das atividades dos cirurgiões-dentistas no PSF, cuja visibilidade é ainda restrita, apontando condições de trabalho que permitem a realização da maioria das ações preconizadas nos documentos oficiais. A análise dos Grupos Focais pode subsidiar iniciativas de Educação Continuada e Permanente, destacando-se as seguintes temáticas: trabalho em equipe, organização e planejamento da assistência clínica e das ações coletivas, fortalecimento da supervisão, ferramentas para realização de diagnóstico coletivo e apoio à integração da saúde bucal ao processo de trabalho no Programa de Saúde da Família.

Processo de trabalho em saúde: uma análise das condições de trabalho dos assistentes sociais no âmbito hospitalar

This paper presents the survey results: PROCEDURE FOR WORK IN HEALTH: an analysis of working conditions of social workers in hospitals. Analyzes the inclusion of social workers in work processes in healthcare, specifically in the public hospital, from the objective conditions of work, according to which materializes professional action. The aim is to understand them from the point of view of its relationship with users and other health professionals through the privatization of health, which prevents the Unified Health System (SUS), limiting the operation of the services and the guarantee of rights. The approach to the reality studied was through theoretical and methodological procedures based on the qualitative and quantitative research, focusing on documentary research, observation, semi-structured interview and the theoretical foundation. It is observed that the inclusion of social workers in this context arises from the demands derived from expressions of social issues, "raw material" of professional work, and the gaps resulting from contradictions in the process of rationalization / reorganization of the SUS, meaning that the needs the population are confronted with the content and form of organization of services. At the hospital, the professional actions are developed through the shift, space contradictory clash between the collective and individual, in which individual activities are prioritized and ad hoc unplanned and reduced to the solution of "problems" of users, through actions assistance in an emergency and bureaucratic. These findings emphasize the inadequacy of space and lack of minimum conditions of service to users, which undertakes the professional with regard to ethical and political principles of the profession, since it is the responsibility and duty of the social guarantee the secrecy and privacy of users what is revealed during the process of professional intervention. The professional social workers is permeated by the diversity of skills and competence; lack of planning activities, by incorporating the institutional discourse at the expense of professional goals, by knowing the Code of Professional Ethics, for small number of professionals, the increasing number informality; by poor working conditions and wages; by discouraging research and participation in social policy councils, as well as professional training

Do barro ao pó, estudos sobre a tecnologia, processo de trabalho e saúde ocupacional nas olarias

Neste artigo trato do trabalho familiar nas olarias, com especial destaque para o trabalho da mulher. Analiso a posição da mulher na divisão do trabalho e estudo as conseqüências do trabalho para o corpo, bem como a percepção dessas conseqüências pelas trabalhadoras das olarias. Estas, mantidas há gerações na condição de manufaturas, caracterizam-se, na região, pela clandestinidade.

Processo de trabalho na estratégia saúde da família: potencialidades e fragilidades da atuação do enfermeiro

The present study aims to analyze the nurse s work process at Family Health Strategy, considering its basic elements and dynamic, and searching to identify aspects that may constitute strengths and weaknesses in its development. This is an analytical case study, with qualitative approach and theoretical-conceptual mark grounded in Dialectic Hermeneutics. Empirical research fields were the Family Health Units of Natal, RN, Brazil. The subjects are nurses working in this Strategy. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured individual interviews combined with field observation. The research was initiated after approval by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, according to the guidelines and rules for research involving humans (Resolution 466/12), ensuring proper ethical precepts. The project was approved by register number 398.929, CAAE 19588813.7.0000.5537. From the 9 interviewed nurses, 8 were female and 1 male, average age of 52 years, average graduation time of 27 years and average time they stayed at the same Family Health territory of 7 years. It was found that it is up to the professional nurse in the Family Health care the important role of taking care of human beings in their life, family and community contexts, producing conditions to meet their needs through therapeutic act in health, using for such purpose both materials and immaterial instruments. It was possible to relate aspects that characterize strengths and weaknesses in the work process of nurses in the ESF, according to the speech of the interviewed workers, including the meanings and contradictions. Among the potentialities observed, it was possible to highlight the wide role of the nurse at Family Health; the perception of nurses about teamwork; the relative autonomy of nurses; the commitment of professionals to work; Humanization as a technology; the presence of other agents at work, such as directors and officers at the primary health units; the professional s experience time and contract type in the case studied. As weaknesses in the work process of nurses at Family Health Strategy, were highlighted the limited skills of the workforce; the difficulty in 10 identifying specific limits of the work of nurses in this scenario; the disturbances that occur in the process, the existing gaps in multiprofessional teams; Structural deficits of the units in the studied case, the low coverage of the Family Health in the county, and the political vulnerability of the work conditions. It is considered necessary to understand the dilemmas experienced in everyday life of nurses at Family Health Strategy as part of multiprofessional teams, facing actual achievement of changes in work processes necessary for the reorientation of health care in Brazil. In accordance, it is necessary to promote proper working conditions and welfare of labor agents which are protagonists the work at the United Health System

Qualidade e organização do processo de trabalho na atenção básica: percepções e significados atribuídos pelos profisionais de saúde

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Representações sociais sobre o acidente de trabalho em saúde

The aim of the present study was to identify the representational elements of workrelated accidents in the health field, as well as investigate their most frequent occurrences at a university hospital, seeking to understand the cognitive, affective and social elements subjacent to the work process involved in health. The analysis focused on 470 middle and senior support staff of this hospital, based on the theoretical-methodological support of the Social Representations Theory. A combination of the following instruments was used for data collection: a free wordassociation test, a questionnaire, an interview and a field journal. Evoc 2000 software was used to identify representational structure. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests, at a significance level of 5%, were performed to verify the association between the independent variables and the occurrence of work accidents. In addition, thematic content analysis and lexicographic analysis by ALCESTE software program were used to understand textual content. It was observed that social representations of work-related accidents in the health area are centered in the contamination category, while the categories of prevention and professional unpreparedness are found peripherally. There was a significant association between the existence of multiple employment, the use of personal protective equipment (PPI) during work, job satisfaction and the occurrence of work accidents. The conclusions indicate that perforating-cutting occupational accidents predominated in the hospital and that the representations of the subjects intertwined, with a traditional discourse of work accidents strongly present in Occupational Health. It is therefore suggested that certain subjective aspects related to culture, in terms of controlling work accidents, such as: management, process, organization and the increasing precariousness

O significado para o enfermeiro do processo de trabalho na UTIS de um hospital universitário do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Inovações tecnológicas em terapia intensiva: repercussões para a saúde do trabalhador de Enfermagem e o processo de trabalho

A introdução das tecnologias duras no setor saúde transformou o processo de trabalho, e, apesar dos inestimáveis benefícios, deve ser vista com cautela pelos trabalhadores devido a problemas relativos à confiabilidade, à fidedignidade dos dados e à necessidade de manutenção preventiva e corretiva de aparelhos por especialistas. Por outro lado, há exigências impostas em termos de conhecimentos e habilidades para a sua utilização, pois há riscos de erros e iatrogenias que devem ser identificados e trabalhados pela organização com vistas à segurança no desempenho, satisfação e bem estar do trabalhador. Nesse sentido, a sua utilização acarreta o aumento do número de tarefas, a intensificação do ritmo de trabalho, devido à necessidade de controle extenuante por parte do trabalhador no intuito de manter o equilíbrio das demandas advindas da máquina e do paciente. Tais exigências repercutem na saúde do trabalhador e acarreta problemas de ordem física e psíquica. Objetivou-se neste estudo: identificar a percepção do trabalhador de enfermagem sobre a utilização da tecnologia dura em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI); descrever os fatores intervenientes em relação ao uso da tecnologia dura pelo trabalhador de enfermagem em UTI e analisar as repercussões da utilização da tecnologia dura para o processo de trabalho e a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem em UTI. Estudo qualitativo descritivo, cujos dados foram obtidos em uma UTI de um hospital público situado no município de Niterói-RJ no período de dezembro 2011 a fevereiro 2012 com 25 trabalhadores (11 enfermeiros e 14 técnicos de enfermagem), a partir dos critérios de inclusão adotados. Trabalhou-se com a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada, mediante um roteiro contendo questões sobre a problemática do estudo. O projeto atendeu as exigências presentes na Resolução 196/96, do Ministério da Saúde (MS), tendo sido aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) sob n CAAE: 2063000025811. Na categorização dos depoimentos utilizou-se a técnica de análise do conteúdo de Bardin e os resultados discutidos a luz da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Identificou-se que a incorporação da tecnologia dura em UTI, na visão dos trabalhadores de enfermagem é um instrumento de trabalho por proporcionar maior segurança, rapidez na execução das tarefas, confiabilidade e controle em relação ao estado clínico do paciente e minimizar atividades repetitivas. Por outro lado há problemas relativos à manutenção preventiva e corretiva dos aparelhos que acarretam incômodo, interrupções e sobrecarga mental e física devido à necessidade de ajustes frequentes dos alarmes e parâmetros estabelecidos, troca de aparelhos e reposição de peças; fatores limitantes e que exigem a intervenção de especialistas. Diante desta situação de trabalho, as tecnologias duras utilizadas em UTI configuraram-se como fatores de risco psicossocial por acarretarem estresse ocupacional e cujos recursos internos e externos utilizados pelos trabalhadores mostraram-se insuficientes para o seu enfrentamento. Cabe a organização do trabalho, juntamente com os trabalhadores realizar ações que minimizem os fatores de riscos apontados com vistas à satisfação, a motivação e a saúde dos trabalhadores de enfermagem e demais membros da equipe.

As percepções dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre o processo de trabalho no SUS de Piraí

O presente estudo tem por objetivo discutir as percepções que os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) têm sobre o seu processo de trabalho e, sobretudo, o modo como lidam com as necessidades cotidianas e desempenham seu papel no cuidado integral aos usuários. Outro objetivo é identificar as mediações existentes em suas tarefas no cotidiano do trabalho, e se elas são reconhecidas pelos próprios ACS. Faz-se importante avaliar o processo de trabalho desse grupo de profissionais, analisando a diferença entre o trabalho prescrito e o trabalho real, e identificar as tecnologias do cuidado utilizadas por eles. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, utilizou a técnica da entrevista, com a participação de nove ACS, das respectivas Unidades de Saúde do Centro, Santanésia, Rosa Machado, Ponte das Laranjeiras, Caiçara, Jaqueira e Casa Amarela, do município de Piraí- RJ. Os achados nos mostram que os agentes comunitários estão satisfeitos em desempenhar sua função, mas que ela desencadeia um nível de estresse alto devido à sobrecarga de trabalho burocrático e à dupla jornada de trabalho que ocorre no município. Observa-se que o trabalho em equipe coeso é extremamente importante para que se consiga trabalhar de maneira eficaz na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, visando à mudança do modelo antigo, hospitalocêntrico, e almejando o novo, centrado nas ações de integralidade da atenção e do cuidado à família.

Repercussões da terapia comunitária no processo de trabalho na estratégia saúde da família: um estudo representacional

The Community Therapy (CT) is in a practice of therapeutic effect and may also be considered as a technology takes care of the therapeutic procedure group, whose purpose is to promote health, prevent illness, developed within primary care in mental health. In this study we sought to understand the social representations of health professionals who work with the Community Therapy, on use of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in the city of Joao Pessoa. This is a field research with a qualitative view Moscovician Theory of Social Representations, held with seven professionals of the FHS, therapists of Community Health District II. The empirical data were obtained by carrying out two thematic therapies in April 2009, which were wheeled CT. It was used as a technique for analyzing the collective subject discourse, and the data presented through graphs, charts, maps, pictures and graphics and arranged in three stages: Subjects of the study, characterizing the study participants; Social Representations of Therapist Community presenting and discussing the social representations of therapists community studied on CT, and Consequences of Community Therapy at the Family Health Strategy, discussing the meanings attributed by the study participants about changes in FHS. Meanings were attributed to the CT by the therapists studied originated from the speeches, songs, drawings and constructed, and that presented by schematic illustration show the relation between the representations: life, listening, faith / light, change, transformation. The web, symbol of CT, appeared on the images constructed by the representatives of the study and represents the formation of bonds that allows the construction of social support networks that strengthen relationships among community. In the study, proved by professionals who have the meanings about the changes in the work process from the introduction of CT, and shown that the change took place within a more welcoming attitude on the part of professionals, the relationship between Team members had no significant changes, explained by the low compliance of team members to the CT in relation to the user front, the bond was strengthened, and this involved strengthening the role of the therapist community. It is recognized, thereby transforming the character of CT in building links with users, requiring, however, that the team is viewed as offering therapeutic services, not the professional therapist. Therefore, the CT for being a new phenomenon in health services and community belonging, it fits like a novelty which affects the construction of a representation dispute. Still, can contribute to the reorganization of mental health care in line with the new model of mental health care advocated by the Psychiatric Reform.

O processo de trabalho e a composição técnica do trabalho do enfermeiro no cuidado à saúde da criança em unidades de saúde da familia

With the trajectory that the problems related to child health are taking in our society, particularly with regard to infant mortality, beyond the process of decentralization of health and the implementation of the Family Health Strategy in the cities, where it has increased considerably performance of nursing staff in Primary Health Care, they can be considered essential factors for reflections on the care of nurse dispenses the health of these children. In order to check how it is organized the working process of the nurse in caring for these children in USFs as well as the difficulties found in the dynamics of this work, this research aimed to analyze the work processes of nurses in care Child Health in USFs, with emphasis on technologies used in producing care. This is a research exploratory and descriptive with qualitative approach, based on the theoretical reference in about Work Process and Composition Technique of Work. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 11 nurses who, at the moment, perform their functions for more than 01 year at USF. The guiding questions were based at theoretical reference. To analyze the results, was used the referential of content analysis, and was refer to thematic analysis. In situations that were involved closed questions of the interview, was used the aid of SPSS 15.0 program for Windows. The results indicated that the process of nurse work in health care of children, focuses on the preventive character, whose focus of the actions are healthy children, following the routines and protocols established by the Ministry of Health with a view to maintaining health them. When analyzing the data through theoretical references of Composition Technique of Work found that the core technologies of daily tasks of the nurse are directed for the use of technology soft-hard and hard, and the reason established between the Dead Working and Alive Working, there is prevalence of the first against the second in the production of this care. These situations contribute to the explanation of the emergence problems related to adhesion of mothers / caregivers to monitoring the CD, due to character prescriptive and normalizer of actions. The results also suggested the presence of "vanishing lines" in the make of nurses, confirming the self-governance of health professionals in daily work. These "vanishing lines" express the own execution of the Work Live in action, guided by the use of soft technologies, however, was not characterized as a process of technology transition. So, to get a better resolution to the problems related to child health, the nurse has reorganize your work process by focusing on the execution of work live in action.

Caracterização do processo de trabalho do cirurgiãodentista na estratégia de saúde da família do município de Parnamirim-RN

Family Health Strategy (FHS), founded in 1994 has appeared to play a strategic role in the SUS construction and consolidation. It has reaffirmed its Principles and Guidelines and has elected family as core of attention. The principle that has guided the work concerns the quality of the relationship between professional and family. Thus, the FHS has the family as a subject of health-disease process, and relations with its own characteristics and can be partners in building their health and improvement of quality of life of its members and the entire community. This study aims to characterize the surgeon-dentist (SD) working process in the family health strategy, from the knowledge of the SD integration with other team members; organization of services; development of shares, changes perceived by SDs, as well as knowing the surgeon-dentist profile who is part of this strategy. The collecting tool used was a semi-structured questionnaire, in which participated 30 professionals. As for profile, most professionals were women, completed the graduation in public university and did not have any training to work by joining the FHS. Almost all have other public or private working ties. They often carry out activities with students, and occasionally do home visits. In relation to team work, in activities such as home visits, school health, community activities, among others, they sometimes seek the cooperation of other members. The way of accessing for users in the most part has occurred through the schedule. The most frequently activities made to the Centro Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO), are in Endodontics and Prosthesis. The majority of them participate in team meetings, but they do not have frequency set to happen. As for the planning and programming of activities to be conducted, most said that individually develops them. Concerning the performance of their duties, most reported being satisfied, but that improvements could happen. Besides, they reported improvements in dental care following the inclusion of SD in the FHS in various aspects, such as access, organization, humanization, care and oral disease prevention. The professionals had poor integration with other team members, in addition to have a profile to more individualistic work, a fact seized by way of development and planning of actions. They work the actions in individual and curative way, in detriment promotion and collective ones. They work humanization, definition of territory and adscript population. Thus, it is concluded that the working process developed by SDs, includes the part which is advocated by FHS. This points out to a greater undertaking of this process aiming to detect the weakness met in order to reach the potential that the FHS represents in organization of basic attention

O agente comunitário de saúde frente ao processo de trabalho em equipe: facilidades e dificuldades

O estudo propõe-se a analisar as dificuldades e facilidades dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) frente ao trabalho em equipe. A análise pautou-se na perspectiva hermenêutica-dialética, tendo como referência os princípios do método de interpretação dos sentidos. As dificuldades e facilidades apontadas por eles revelam que trabalhar em equipe demanda relações efetivas, com ênfase na comunicação, respeito e cooperação, sendo as reuniões de equipe estratégia importante para isso. Depreende-se a necessidade de constantes investimentos nas relações entre os membros da equipe.

Trabalho em equipe na atenção primária à saúde: o processo grupal como unidade de análise da dialética cooperação-trabalho coletivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A influência da demanda espontânia na (des)caracterização do processo de trabalho na estratégia saúde da família

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB