Augmenting and assisting model elicitation tasks with 3D virtual world context metadata

Accurate process model elicitation continues to be a time consuming task, requiring skill on the part of the interviewer to extract explicit and tacit process information from the interviewee. Many errors occur in this elicitation stage that would be avoided by better activity recall, more consistent specification methods and greater engagement in the elicitation process by interviewees. Theories of situated cognition indicate that interactive 3D representations of real work environments engage and prime the cognitive state of the viewer. In this paper, our major contribution is to augment a previous process elicitation methodology with virtual world context metadata, drawn from a 3D simulation of the workplace. We present a conceptual and formal approach for representing this contextual metadata, integrated into a process similarity measure that provides hints for the business analyst to use in later modelling steps. Finally, we conclude with examples from two use cases to illustrate the potential abilities of this approach.

Reference list of 265 sources used for the discovery of relationships between data clusters and metadata properties

Visual cluster analysis provides valuable tools that help analysts to understand large data sets in terms of representative clusters and relationships thereof. Often, the found clusters are to be understood in context of belonging categorical, numerical or textual metadata which are given for the data elements. While often not part of the clustering process, such metadata play an important role and need to be considered during the interactive cluster exploration process. Traditionally, linked-views allow to relate (or loosely speaking: correlate) clusters with metadata or other properties of the underlying cluster data. Manually inspecting the distribution of metadata for each cluster in a linked-view approach is tedious, specially for large data sets, where a large search problem arises. Fully interactive search for potentially useful or interesting cluster to metadata relationships may constitute a cumbersome and long process. To remedy this problem, we propose a novel approach for guiding users in discovering interesting relationships between clusters and associated metadata. Its goal is to guide the analyst through the potentially huge search space. We focus in our work on metadata of categorical type, which can be summarized for a cluster in form of a histogram. We start from a given visual cluster representation, and compute certain measures of interestingness defined on the distribution of metadata categories for the clusters. These measures are used to automatically score and rank the clusters for potential interestingness regarding the distribution of categorical metadata. Identified interesting relationships are highlighted in the visual cluster representation for easy inspection by the user. We present a system implementing an encompassing, yet extensible, set of interestingness scores for categorical metadata, which can also be extended to numerical metadata. Appropriate visual representations are provided for showing the visual correlations, as well as the calculated ranking scores. Focusing on clusters of time series data, we test our approach on a large real-world data set of time-oriented scientific research data, demonstrating how specific interesting views are automatically identified, supporting the analyst discovering interesting and visually understandable relationships.

Business process management : an introduction to the special focus issue

The management and improvement of business processes are a core topic of the information systems discipline. The persistent demand in corporations within all industry sectors for increased operational efficiency and innovation, an emerging set of established and evaluated methods, tools, and techniques as well as the quickly growing body of academic and professional knowledge are indicative for the standing that Business Process Management (BPM) has nowadays. During the last decades, intensive research has been conducted with respect to the design, implementation, execution, and monitoring of business processes. Comparatively low attention, however, has been paid to questions related to organizational issues such as the adoption, usage, implications, and overall success of BPM approaches, technologies, and initiatives. This research gap motivated us to edit a corresponding special focus issue for the journal BISE/WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK. We are happy that we are able to present a selection of three research papers and a state-of-the-art paper in the scientific section of the issue at hand. As these papers differ in the topics they investigate, the research method they apply, and the theoretical foundations they build on, the diversity within the BPM field becomes evident. The academic papers are complemented by an interview with Phil Gilbert, IBM’s Vice President for Business Process and Decision Management, who reflects on the relationship between business processes and the data flowing through them, the need to establish a process context for decision making, and the calibration of BPM efforts toward executives who see processes as a means to an end, rather than a first-order concept in its own right.

Visualization of predictive distributions for discrete spatial-temporal log Cox processes approximated with MCMC

An important aspect of decision support systems involves applying sophisticated and flexible statistical models to real datasets and communicating these results to decision makers in interpretable ways. An important class of problem is the modelling of incidence such as fire, disease etc. Models of incidence known as point processes or Cox processes are particularly challenging as they are ‘doubly stochastic’ i.e. obtaining the probability mass function of incidents requires two integrals to be evaluated. Existing approaches to the problem either use simple models that obtain predictions using plug-in point estimates and do not distinguish between Cox processes and density estimation but do use sophisticated 3D visualization for interpretation. Alternatively other work employs sophisticated non-parametric Bayesian Cox process models, but do not use visualization to render interpretable complex spatial temporal forecasts. The contribution here is to fill this gap by inferring predictive distributions of Gaussian-log Cox processes and rendering them using state of the art 3D visualization techniques. This requires performing inference on an approximation of the model on a discretized grid of large scale and adapting an existing spatial-diurnal kernel to the log Gaussian Cox process context.

Towards a Critical Ecology of Child Development: Aligning the Theories of Bronfenbrenner and Bourdieu

Bronfenbrenner’s model of bio-ecological development has been utilized widely within the social sciences, in the field of human development, and in social work. Yet, while championing the rights of marginalised families and communities, Bronfenbrenner had under-theorized the role of power, agency and structure in shaping the ‘person-context’ interrelationship, life opportunities and social well-being. To respond to this deficit, this paper firstly outlines Bronfenbrenner’s ‘person, process, context, time’ model. Secondly, it then seeks to loosely align aspects of Bronfenbrenner’s model with Bourdieu’s analytical categories of habitus, field and capital. It is argued that these latter categories enable social workers to develop a critical ecology of child development, taking account of power and the interplay between agency and structure. The implications of the alignment for child and family social work are considered in the final section.

De aluno a enfermeiro: desenvolvimento de competências em contexto de ensino clínico

A formação em enfermagem tem acompanhado a evolução sociocultural e científico-tecnológica procurando dar resposta às exigências dos utentes e, sobretudo, à complexidade e à imprevisibilidade dos contextos de prestação de cuidados. Segundo os novos paradigmas de formação, pretende-se que os alunos desenvolvam competências que lhes permitam “agir em situação”. Neste estudo procurámos compreender de que forma os alunos desenvolvem as suas competências em contextos de ensino clínico e quais os factores que, à luz da perspectiva bioecológica de desenvolvimento humano (Bronfenbrenner e Morris, 1998) e do seu modelo PPCT (Pessoa, Processo, Contexto e Tempo), se constituem como facilitadores ou inibidores desse desenvolvimento. Optámos por uma metodologia predominantemente qualitativa, através de um estudo de caso, referente ao 2º Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem da Escola Superior de Saúde da Universidade de Aveiro (2002-2003 a 2005- 2006). Para além da análise documental para contextualização do ensino clínico no currículo do curso, foram recolhidas narrativas dos alunos e supervisores relativas às suas vivências em ensino clínico durante todo o percurso formativo. Os resultados da análise de conteúdo das narrativas, de natureza qualitativa, foram triangulados com as classificações dos alunos nas grelhas de avaliação de competências e respectivos relatórios e procuraram responder à primeira questão de investigação que visava analisar o desenvolvimento de competências e as perspectivas dos actores envolvidos nesse processo. A resposta à segunda questão, que incidia sobre os factores de desenvolvimento à luz do modelo PPCT, foi baseada essencialmente na análise das narrativas. Os resultados obtidos permitem-nos concluir que o desenvolvimento de competências ocorre de forma integradora, combinando sinergeticamente diferentes dimensões (cognitiva, atitudinal, comunicacional e técnica) ao longo dos ensinos clínicos, num processo dinâmico, dialéctico e progressivo. E ainda que, à luz do modelo PPCT, sobressaem determinados factores influenciadores do desenvolvimento de competências. Assim, relativamente à Pessoa, emergem as características pessoais, os papéis desempenhados, a interpessoalidade, o contacto com a morte e com situações de sofrimento, sendo também significativa a emergência de uma componente afectivo-emocional. Quanto ao Processo, (que assume especial relevância), destacam-se as actividades e os processos proximais, as estratégias supervisivas, as dificuldades sentidas pelos supervisores, de entre as quais sobressai a falta de preparação para a tarefa. A análise dos Contextos revela que, no microsistema, o destaque vai para as especificidades de cada contexto e a atmosfera envolvente enquanto que, no mesosistema, a participação multicontextual e o conhecimento intercontextual se manifestam como relevantes. No exosistema, salienta-se a importância do relacionamento interinstitucional e dos modelos de parceria e, ao nível macrosistémico, emergem de forma subtil, indícios da influência das políticas de gestão hospitalar e da formação assim como da matriz conceptual de enfermagem. No que se refere ao Tempo, a importância da continuidade dos processos proximais (microtempo) e a periodicidade dos ensinos clínicos (mesotempo) mereceram referências significativas.

Un Dieu se dévoile : herméneutique processuelle d'Éz 16

Les penseurs de l’herméneutique du XXe siècle ont redéfini essentiellement l’humain comme un être en quête de sens, interprétant sans cesse le ‘monde’ à travers ‘son propre monde’, cette compréhension transformante contribuant à son devenir. Serait-il pertinent dans une recherche de sens qui caractérise une démarche de foi, d’utiliser des outils herméneutiques ouvrant les Écritures sur d’autres possibles que ce que la Tradition chrétienne propose aujourd’hui ? Le présent mémoire veut répondre par l’affirmative à ce défi, en appliquant une approche processuelle sur le chapitre 16 du livre d’Ézéchiel, un prophète avec lequel la tradition juive a gardé une certaine prudence et un texte particulièrement osé que la pastorale chrétienne a ignoré. Après une mise en situation qui trace les paramètres fondamentaux de la démarche entreprise dans ce mémoire (chapitre 1), une traduction littérale du texte hébreu est proposée, faisant ressortir les nuances que suggèrent les formes verbales et les éléments particuliers que révèle une analyse macro-syntaxique (chapitre 2); la méthode d’analyse processuelle choisie pour interpréter le texte est inédite dans le monde francophone, tout comme la perspective processuelle de l’étude telle qu’elle se déploie dans les chapitres 3 et 4 du mémoire. L’analyse débouche sur des propositions théologiques originales, redéfinissant notamment la Toute-Puissance divine comme un entêtement qui cherche à convaincre, et inscrivant le pardon divin au creux de la liberté et de la responsabilité humaines.

Posicionando Digital.CSIC como un elemento clave en el Sistema de Gestión de la Información Científica del CSIC

Primera conferencia. Bibliotecas y Repositorios Digitales: Gestión del Conocimiento, Acceso Abierto y Visibilidad Latinoamericana. (BIREDIAL) Mayo 9 al 11 de 2011. Bogotá, Colombia.

A comprehensive diagnostic framework for evaluating business intelligence and analytics effectiveness

Business intelligence and analytics (BIA) initiatives are costly, complex and experience high failure rates. Organizations require effective approaches to evaluate their BIA capabilities in order to develop strategies for their evolution. In this paper, we employ a design scienceparadigm to develop a comprehensive BIA effectiveness diagnostic (BIAED) framework that can be easily operationalized. We propose that a useful BIAED framework must assess the correct factors, should be deployed in the proper process context and acquire the appropriateinput from different constituencies within an organization. Drawing on the BIAED framework, we further develop an online diagnostic toolkit that includes a comprehensive survey instrument. We subsequently deploy the diagnostic mechanism within three large organizations in North America (involving over 1500 participants) and use the results toinform BIA strategy formulation. Feedback from participating organizations indicates that the BIA diagnostic toolkit provides insights that are essential inputs to strategy development. This work addresses a significant research gap in the area of BIA effectiveness assessment.

Recursos Humanos e Tecnologia da Informação: Uma abordagem alternativa

Informação e tecnologia de informação são dois temas de grande interesse na atualidade, que alguns denominam de Era da Informação. Neste contexto, a tecnologia de informação ( conjunto formado pelos computadores e pelas telecomunicações ), vem experimentando um desenvolvimento acelerado, oferecendo uma série de oportunidades de uso nas organizações, automatizando tarefas, das mais rotineiras às mais complexas e gerando informações para a operação e o processo decisório. As mudanças na forma como o trabalho é realizado, consequência da utilização da tecnologia, afetam diversos aspectos das organizações, com destaque para os seus recursos humanos. A prática tem mesmo mostrado que o sucesso na utilização da tecnologia não depende somente de aspectos técnicos. Diversas pesqUisas realizadas evidenciam ser essencial um alinhamento, uma integração harmônica entre elementos como informação, tecnologia e recursos humanos, além de outros como a cultura e a gerência das organizações. Para tanto, é importante que os envolvidos, administradores e especialistas na tecnologia, tenham uma compreensão ampliada destes elementos e de seu relacionamento. Um primeiro passo para esta compreensão pode ser encontrado pela análise das Teorias de Organização existentes. Um estudo mais aprofundado da informação, no contexto do processo de comunicação, revela ser esta um conceito complexo, relacionado ao conhecimento, aos seres humanos e à tecnologia de informação. Por sua vez, o relacionamento da tecnologia em geral com a organização, é descrito, sob diversos pontos de vista teóricos, que apontam a ligação entre a etapa de projeto da tecnologia e sua utilização e o papel dos seres humanos neste processo. o reconhecimento da estreita interdependência entre a tecnologia e a organização leva a propostas de modelos que permitem viabilizar uma implementação bem sucedida da tecnologia. Com base nestas propostas, e no conhecimento de cada elemento específico envolvido, surgem novos conceitos como a hipertecnologia e a hiperorganização, que podem facilitar o tratamento das questões relacionadas no âmbito das organizações.

O Processo de Concessão dos Sistemas de Transporte de Massa na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro: Implicações na Organização e na Gestão de Transporte de Passageiros

O presente estudo procurou descrever e analisar o contexto em que se desenvolveu o processo de concessão dos sistemas de transporte de massa na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, promovido pelo Programa Estadual de Desestatização ¿ PED, na gestão governamental compreendida entre os anos de 1995 e 1998, bem como avaliar suas implicações sobre o modelo de organização e gestão do transporte público regional então vigente. Seu desenvolvimento enfatizou três aspectos desse processo: a caracterização do cenário anterior à proposta de mudança, a análise substantiva da política representada pelo programa de concessões e a avaliação do novo cenário criado como conseqüência do programa. Sua metodologia pautou-se em consulta bibliográfica, volumosa análise documental, observação dos fatos e entrevistas desestruturadas com administradores e técnicos envolvidos no processo. Seus resultados evidenciaram as limitações dos modelos de análise e de planejamento tradicionalmente adotados para a formulação das políticas setoriais, a precariedade dos sistemas de transporte de passageiros regionais e a situação pelos sistemas de metrô, trens e barcas, consubstanciando um ambiente propício às propostas de sua transferência à gestão privada. Evidenciaram, ainda, que a iniciativa foi influenciada pelo contexto dos projetos de reforma do Estado patrocinados pelo Banco Mundial (BIRD), desenvolvendo-se sem referências relevantes na comunidade técnica setorial e gerando um cenário institucional frágil diante da tarefa de gerir os contratos dela resultantes. Embora pautado em estratégias de retomada de investimentos condizentes com as diretrizes do Plano de Transporte de Massa ¿ PTM, elaborado em 1994, a insipiência do programa não permite constatar, ainda tendências significativas no desempenho dos sistemas concedidos. São evidentes, entretanto, seus reflexos na desentruturação do modelo de gestão pública do transporte metropolitano sob responsabilidade do Estado.

A Conceptualisation of Courseware Development Process in Malaysian Educational Context

Multimedia-based learning has been accepted as an effective learning tool and has broadly prevailed in various types of education around the world. The Malaysian ministry of education has also adopted this information communication technology (ICT) as the means of an education reformation project called, ‘Smart School’ since 1998, aiming to improve all Malaysian Primary and Secondary students’ learning ability, attitudes, achievement, and further enhance teachers’ teaching performance. As a result, Malaysian Ministry of Education has distributed a number of interactive courseware of the key learning domains such as Mathematics, Science, Bahasa Melayu (Malay language), and English. According to recent reports by Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE), however, the courseware has not been effectively used in schools, and many researchers point out there are vital issues concerning the interface and interaction design. Within this context, this paper presumes that one of the main reasons could derive from a structural aspect of the course development process that is devaluing or ignoring the importance of interface and interaction design. Therefore, it is imperative to conceptualise the courseware development process in terms of creating interactive and quality learning experiences through defining the stakeholders’ needs in terms of better learning and teaching. Within this context, this paper reviews the current development process and proposes a new concept called the interactive communication component which enables courseware developers to embed interactive and quality learning experiences into their courseware development process. The key objective is to provide opportunities to discuss the courseware development process from the different stakeholders’ perspectives of the educational courseware in a Malaysian context.

Context-aware methods for process modeling

Recent studies have started to explore context-awareness as a driver in the design of adaptable business processes. The emerging challenge of identifying and considering contextual drivers in the environment of a business process are well understood, however, typical methods used in business process modeling do not yet consider this additional contextual information in their process designs. In this chapter, we describe our research towards innovative and advanced process modeling methods that include mechanisms to incorporate relevant contextual drivers and their impacts on business processes in process design models. We report on our ongoing work with an Australian insurance provider and describe the design science we employed to develop these innovative and useful artifacts as part of a context-aware method framework. We discuss the utility of these artifacts in an application in the claims handling process at the case organization.

Supporting context-aware process design : learnings from a design science study

Recent studies have started to explore context-awareness as a driver in the design of adaptable business processes. The emerging challenge of identifying and considering contextual drivers in the environment of a business process are well understood, however, typical methods and models for business process design do not yet consider this context. In this paper, we describe our work on the design of a method framework and appropriate models to enable a context-aware process design approach. We report on our ongoing work with an Australian insurance provider and describe the design science we employed to develop innovative and useful artifacts as part of a context-aware method framework. We discuss the utility of these artifacts in an application in the claims handling process at the case organization.