Epidemiological and ecological aspects related to malaria in the area of influence of the lake at Porto Primavera dam, in western S��o Paulo State, Brazil

A study was carried out in the area of influence of the Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Power Station, in western S��o Paulo State, to investigate ecological and epidemiological aspects of malaria in the area and monitor the profile of the anopheline populations following the environmental changes brought about by the construction of the lake. Mosquitoes captured were analyzed by standardized indicator species analysis (ISA) before and during different flooding phases (253 m and 257 m elevations). The local human population was studied by means of parasitological (thin/thick blood smears), molecular (PCR) and serological tests. Serological tests consisted of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with synthetic peptides of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from classic Plasmodium vivax, P. vivax variants (VK247 and "vivax-like"), P. malariae and P. falciparum and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with asexual forms of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. The results of the entomological survey indicated that, although the Anopheles darlingi population increased after the flooding, the population density remained very low. No malaria, parasite infection or DNA was detected in the inhabitants of the study area. However, there was a low frequency of antibodies against asexual forms and a significant prevalence of antibodies against P. vivax, P. vivax variants, P. falciparum and P. malariae; the presence of these antibodies may result from recent or less recent contact with human or simian Plasmodium (a parallel study in the same area revealed the existence of a sylvatic cycle). Nevertheless, these results suggest that, as in other places where malaria is present and potential vectors circulate, the local epidemiological conditions observed could potentially support the transmission of malaria in Porto Primavera Lake if infected individuals are introduced in sufficient numbers. Further studies are required to elucidate the phenomena described in this paper.

Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, S��o Paulo, Brazil

Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes which occurs in two distinct epidemiological cycles: sylvatic and urban. In the sylvatic cycle, the virus is maintained by monkey's infection and transovarian transmission in vectors. Surveillance of non-human primates is required for the detection of viral circulation during epizootics, and for the identification of unaffected or transition areas. An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was standardized for estimation of the prevalence of IgG antibodies against yellow fever virus in monkey sera (Alouatta caraya) from the reservoir area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, in the state of S��o Paulo, Brazil. A total of 570 monkey sera samples were tested and none was reactive to antibodies against yellow fever virus. The results corroborate the epidemiology of yellow fever in the area. Even though it is considered a transition area, there were no reports to date of epizootics or yellow fever outbreaks in humans. Also, entomological investigations did not detect the presence of vectors of this arbovirus infection. ELISA proved to be fast, sensitive, an adequate assay, and an instrument for active search in the epidemiological surveillance of yellow fever allowing the implementation of prevention actions, even before the occurrence of epizootics.

Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera hydroeletric plant, S��o Paulo, Brazil

A febre amarela (FA) �� doen��a infecciosa aguda de origem viral transmitida por mosquitos. No ciclo silvestre, o v��rus �� mantido por meio da infec����o de macacos e da transmiss��o transovariana nos vetores. A vigil��ncia sobre popula����es de primatas n��o humanos torna-se necess��ria para detectar a circula����o viral, quando ainda est�� restrito a epizootias, e para determinar sua presen��a em regi��es indenes ou de transi����o para a doen��a. Padronizou-se a t��cnica ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) para determinar a preval��ncia de anticorpos da classe IgG contra o v��rus da FA em soros de bugios (Alouatta caraya) da regi��o do reservat��rio da Usina Hidrel��trica de Porto Primavera, SP. Foram testados soros de 570 macacos sendo que nenhuma amostra mostrou-se reativa para a presen��a de anticorpos contra o v��rus da FA. Os resultados s��o coerentes com a epidemiologia da FA na regi��o. Mesmo sendo ��rea de transi����o, n��o se conhece, at�� o momento, ocorr��ncia de epizootia ou surto de FA em humanos e investiga����es entomol��gicas n��o apontaram a presen��a de vetores para esta arbovirose. A t��cnica mostrou-se sens��vel, r��pida e ��til �� vigil��ncia epidemiol��gica como instrumento de busca ativa permitindo desencadear a����es preventivas, como vacina����o, antes mesmo do surgimento de epizootias

Na chegada da Primavera : Poesia e Matem��tica

Neste artigo apresentamos algumas poesias cujo tema central �� a matem��tica.

World press photo 2012: a constru����o discursiva da Primavera ��rabe

Disserta����o apresentada �� Escola Superior de Comunica����o Social como parte dos requisitos para obten����o de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

Epidemiological and ecological aspects related to malaria in the area of influence of the lake at Porto Primavera dam, in western S��o Paulo State, Brazil

A study was carried out in the area of influence of the Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Power Station, in western S��o Paulo State, to investigate ecological and epidemiological aspects of malaria in the area and monitor the profile of the anopheline populations following the environmental changes brought about by the construction of the lake. Mosquitoes captured were analyzed by standardized indicator species analysis (ISA) before and during different flooding phases (253 m and 257 m elevations). The local human population was studied by means of parasitological (thin/thick blood smears), molecular (PCR) and serological tests. Serological tests consisted of Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with synthetic peptides of the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) from classic Plasmodium vivax, P. vivax variants (VK247 and "vivax-like"), P. malariae and P. falciparum and Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) with asexual forms of P. vivax, P. malariae and P. falciparum. The results of the entomological survey indicated that, although the Anopheles darlingi population increased after the flooding, the population density remained very low. No malaria, parasite infection or DNA was detected in the inhabitants of the study area. However, there was a low frequency of antibodies against asexual forms and a significant prevalence of antibodies against P. vivax, P. vivax variants, P. falciparum and P. malariae; the presence of these antibodies may result from recent or less recent contact with human or simian Plasmodium (a parallel study in the same area revealed the existence of a sylvatic cycle). Nevertheless, these results suggest that, as in other places where malaria is present and potential vectors circulate, the local epidemiological conditions observed could potentially support the transmission of malaria in Porto Primavera Lake if infected individuals are introduced in sufficient numbers. Further studies are required to elucidate the phenomena described in this paper.

Circulation of antibodies against yellow fever virus in a simian population in the area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, S��o Paulo, Brazil

Yellow fever (YF) is an acute viral infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes which occurs in two distinct epidemiological cycles: sylvatic and urban. In the sylvatic cycle, the virus is maintained by monkey's infection and transovarian transmission in vectors. Surveillance of non-human primates is required for the detection of viral circulation during epizootics, and for the identification of unaffected or transition areas. An ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was standardized for estimation of the prevalence of IgG antibodies against yellow fever virus in monkey sera (Alouatta caraya) from the reservoir area of Porto Primavera Hydroelectric Plant, in the state of S��o Paulo, Brazil. A total of 570 monkey sera samples were tested and none was reactive to antibodies against yellow fever virus. The results corroborate the epidemiology of yellow fever in the area. Even though it is considered a transition area, there were no reports to date of epizootics or yellow fever outbreaks in humans. Also, entomological investigations did not detect the presence of vectors of this arbovirus infection. ELISA proved to be fast, sensitive, an adequate assay, and an instrument for active search in the epidemiological surveillance of yellow fever allowing the implementation of prevention actions, even before the occurrence of epizootics.

Frameworks no desenvolvimento de software: o caso da Elevation da PRIMAVERA BSS

Disserta����o de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gest��o de Sistemas de Informa����o

La Pol��tica sancionadora de la Uni��n Europea en el Norte de ��frica. Estudios de caso a la luz de la Primavera ��rabe

Les revolucions democr��tiques que assoten el nord d'��frica han tornat ha obrir, entre d'altres, el debat sobre l'operativitat de les pol��tiques europees en aquesta regi��. El present treball s'emmarca en aquest context geopol��tic i t�� com a finalitat avaluar la implementaci�� de la pol��tica sancionadora de la Uni�� Europea en tres pa��sos objecte d'estudi, ��s a dir, Egipte Tun��sia i L��bia. Despr��s d'analitzar la pol��tica exterior europea en el Mediterrani, i l'oportunisme hist��ric que el context pol��tic actual ofereix per a la reformulaci�� de les relacions euromediterr��nies, conclourem q��estionant la intervenci�� europea en la gesti�� de la crisi i, en particular, l'efic��cia dels seus instruments sancionadors.

La Primavera ��rab, primera gran crisi de l���acci�� exterior Post-Lisboa: la visibilitat, l���efic��cia i la coher��ncia del nou marc institucional a prova

La reforma de Lisboa va establir un nou marc institucional en l'��mbit l'Acci�� Exterior de la Uni�� Europea. Un nou marc que ha de permetre a la UE consolidar-se com a actor global en el nou panorama internacional. S'espera que els canvis de Lisboa corregeixin algunes de les defici��ncies que la pol��tica exterior europea havia mostrat en crisis anteriors, mancances de visibilitat, efic��cia i coher��ncia. Un any despr��s de la seva entrada en vigor, les revoltes dels pa��sos ��rabs durant la primavera de 2011 s��n la primera gran crisi que l'Acci�� Exterior post-Lisboa ha d'afrontar i l'oportunitat per avaluar si s'ha aconseguit corregir aquestes mancances del passat.

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on wild animals from the Porto-Primavera Hydroelectric power station area, Brazil

From June 2000 to June 2001, a total of 741 ticks were collected from 51 free-living wild animals captured at the Porto-Primavera Hydroelectric power station area, located alongside an approximately 180 km course of the Paran�� river, between the states of S��o Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, comprising 9 species of 3 genera: Ambly-omma (7 species), Boophilus (1) and Anocentor (1). A total of 421 immature Amblyomma ticks were reared in laboratory until the adult stage, allowing identification of the species. A. cajennense was the most frequent tick species (mostly immature stages) collected on 9 host species: Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tamandua tetradactyla,Cerdocyon thous, Puma concolor,Tayassu tajacu, Mazama gouazoubira,Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris,Alouatta caraya, Cebus apella. Other tick species were less common, generally restricted to certain host taxa.

Especial primavera 09: la atenci��n a las alergias al polen

Bolet��n semanal para profesionales sanitarios de la Secretar��a General de Salud P��blica y Participaci��n Social de la Consejer��a de Salud

Informe preliminar del Crucero 6611 de la primavera de 1966 (Cabo Blanco - Punta Coles)

Describe las acciones realizadas por el Crucero 6611, a bordo del B.A.P. Unanue, correspondiente a la primavera de 1966, efectuadas en 130 estaciones con 17 perfiles desde Punta Coles hasta M��ncora y Punta Aguja. As�� mismo, estudian las principales condiciones hidrogr��ficas, biol��gicas y la distribuci��n del desove de la anchoveta as�� como la del plancton y las aves marinas.

Informe preliminar del Crucero Unuane 6711. 18 noviembre - 20 diciembre. Primavera 1967

Informe del crucero de primavera 6711 a bordo del Unanue, que form�� parte del programa de cruceros del Instituto del Mar del Per�� para 1967. El mar fue explorado de Cabo Blanco a Ilo, mediante 19 perfiles perpendiculares a la costa que incluyeron 137 estaciones de observaci��n, con un recorrido de 4870 millas.