997 resultados para Pre-eclâmpsia


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Preeclampsia is a spectral disease, with different clinical forms which can evolve with severe multisystemic complications. This present study aimed to determine the risk factors associated with preeclampsia (PE); to validate the existence of aggregation of hypertensive disease in families of women with preeclampsia and verify the existence of association between polymorphisms in the VEGF gene and level of VEGF and its soluble receptor (sFlt1). A case-control study was performed (n = 851). Genotyping of VEGF was performed and serum levels of VEGF and sFlt1 were measured by ELISA. It was observed that 38% of mothers (173, 455) of a case of preeclampsia and 30.8% (78 of 361) of controls had history of hypertension (p <0.0001). Similarly, when examining the history of maternal preeclampsia, we observed that 14.6% (48 of 328) of mothers of women with preeclampsia and 9.6% (12 of 294) of mothers of controls had a history of preeclampsia (p = 0.0001). As for maternal history of preeclampsia, we found that 5.1% (15 of 295) of cases and 3.6% (7 of 314) of controls had a history of preeclampsia (p = 0.0568). Sisters of women with preeclampsia also had a history of hypertensive disease in 9% (41 of 455) versus 6.6% (13 of 361), p = 0.002. Similarly when examining the history of preeclampsia in sisters, it was observed that 22.7% (57 of 251) of a sister of case versus 11.4% (26 of 228) of controls had a history of preeclampsia (P = 0.0011). We observed a decrease in free VEGF in the serum of patients (P <0.05) and increased soluble VEGF receptor. There was no association between polymorphisms in the VEGF gene and preeclampsia. The data obtained in this work validate that hypertensive disease in mothers and sisters with preeclampsia are risk factors for preeclampsia. The risk of illness in the family is higher according to disease severity. High incidence of preeclampsia can be assumed by the high incidence of this disease among the controls. Significant differences between the frequency of preeclampsia in mothers of cases and controls indicate familial factors. Work is being conducted with the to eventually perform genome wide association studies to identify susceptibility loci

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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A Pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é uma síndrome hipertensiva específica da gravidez, atualmente compreendida como uma doença sistêmica que cursa com inflamação, distúrbios da coagulação, desordens metabólicas, disfunção endotelial e desequilíbrio entre agentes vasoconstrictores e vasodilatadores. Contudo, a fisiopatologia da PE ainda não foi completamente elucidada. Este estudo investigou, em 51 gestantes, o estresse oxidativo, a via L-arginina-óxido nítrico e agregação plaquetária, na gestação normal (n=27) e na PE (n=24). Amostras de soro e plaquetas de gestantes normotensas e com PE, foram utilizadas para a medida de espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), a carbonilação de proteínas, a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) e glutationa peroxidase (GPx), assim como a produção de óxido nítrico (NO) pela formação de nitrito. Nas plaquetas foram avaliados, também, o transporte de L-arginina, a atividade da óxido nítrico sintase (NOS) e a agregação plaquetária. Em amostras de plasma foram realizadas medidas da proteína C reativa ultra-sensível (PCRus) e do aminoácido L-arginina. Estes resultados demonstram que não há diferença nas medidas da proteína C reativa e da L-arginina entre gestantes normotensas e com PE. A formação de nitritos e a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes SOD, CAT e GPx se encontram reduzidas no soro de gestantes com PE, enquanto a medida de TBARS e a carbonilação de proteínas não foi diferente das gestantes normotensas. Em plaquetas, o transporte de L-arginina pelo sistema y+L está diminuído na PE, ao passo que, a atividade da NOS, a formação de nitrito e a agregação plaquetária não modificaram em relação a gestação normal. A carbonilação de proteínas está aumentada em plaquetas na PE e a atividade da CAT está reduzida. Concluiu-se, que a menor formação de nitrito no soro sugere uma menor produção de NO em pacientes com PE. Este dado correlaciona com uma redução da defesa antioxidante observada pela menor atividade das enzimas SOD, CAT, GPx que deve contribuir para uma maior inativação do NO. Apesar dos níveis plasmáticos normais de L-arginina na PE, o sistema de transporte via y+L está reduzido em plaquetas, o que pode estar associado em parte ao estresse oxidativo que contribui para alterações físicas e estruturais da membrana, podendo afetar o influxo do aminoácido. Apesar do transporte de L-arginina reduzido e do aumento do estresse oxidativo em plaquetas na PE, não houve alteração da atividade da NOS, da produção de NO e da agregação plaquetária, indicando que mecanismos compensatórios possam estar contribuindo para a manutenção da produção de NO e de sua função modulatória sobre a agregação

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The aim of this study is to understand the perceptions of pregnant women, mothers and health professional about preeclampsia and the relation between professional and patient. A qualitative approach was chosen, together with semi-structured interviews, participative observation and Test of Free Association of Words (TFAW). The data were collected in February and June 2007 at Maternidade-Escola Januário Cicco (MEJC), Natal, RN, Brazil with 61 pregnant women and 87 professionals, 20 of each group were interviewed. An interpretative and understanding perspective was used similar to that of Gadamer s hermeneutics and with the construction of themes and empirical categories. The pregnant women showed fear preeclampsia and its consequences, and to know very little about the subject and also a desire to know more. The changes that occurred with the illness were more related to the emotional order than to the healthy lifestyle they have adopted. Some lack of preparation of the basic units was observed, in order to meet and guide the pregnant women to the reference unit. Professionals knew the customers characteristics, about their fear and about their little knowledge on this illness. Nevertheless, they did not include them in the treatment. It was observed the absence of conversation over the illness between professionals and patients and also the inability of the former to deal with emotional issues. A new way of looking into the preeclampsia assistance is necessary. A way that focuses on the collective construction of intervention and approach strategies; one which includes subjective aspects in an hermeneutic perspective of health

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The objective of this exploratory descriptive study with a qualitative approach was to analyze the perception of the nursing team and the pregnant women hospitalized with pre-eclampsia regarding the interactive process occurring in the care relationship. Data were collected by semi-structured interview with twenty nursing professionals that work in the high-risk ward and ten pregnant women with the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. The discourses were analyzed using the content analysis method, in the modality of thematic identification. Three categories were identified that describe the perception of the interaction by the nursing professionals: recognizing the needs of the hospitalized pregnant woman, understanding the woman with pre-eclampsia, and presenting difficulties in the interactive process. With regards to the pregnant women, four categories emerged: recognizing the clinical care, feeling the lack of information, experiencing feelings during the hospitalization, and envisioning the interaction process. The meaning of the discourses was analyzed according to the principles of symbolic interactionism. The results indicate that both, the nursing professionals and the pregnant women, have a limited perception of their interaction, suggesting a need for further reflection about this reality in the health service units and in the nursing education environment

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JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Embora a pré-eclâmpsia acometa pequena porcentagem da população obstétrica, ela é responsável por considerável morbidade e mortalidade maternas. Assim sendo, o controle anestésico adequado deste grupo de pacientes ainda hoje é um desafio para os anestesiologistas. Este artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar a fisiopatologia, o tratamento farmacológico e as opções anestésicas para o parto normal ou cirúrgico, em pacientes com pré-eclâmpsia. CONTEÚDO: Estão descritos a classificação e terminologia da hipertensão arterial induzida pela gestação, a fisiopatologia, as alterações nos diversos órgãos e sistemas, os princípios gerais no controle das pacientes e as opções anestésicas para o parto normal e cirúrgico. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento, pelo anestesiologista, da fisiopatologia, das formas de tratamento e das características farmacológicas das drogas utilizadas para o controle da hipertensão arterial e a profilaxia das convulsões, assim como sua interação com as drogas e técnicas anestésicas, possibilita a redução das complicações peri-operatórias e da mortalidade materna e fetal.

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PURPOSE: to evaluate the significance of schizocytes presence in peripheral blood smear of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia, identifying and correlating them with other markers of hemolysis and of the disease severity. METHODS: Seventh six glass slides of peripheral blood smear of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia have been evaluated. After the smear, the slides have been stained with Leishman's dye and stored till they were examined with a Leica, model DLMB microscope, provided with the Qwin Lite 2.5 software that made it possible to record the images of selected fields in CD-ROM. Ten fields with approximately 100 erythrocytes were counted in each glass slide. Schizocytes (irregular fragment or helmet-shaped, bite-shaped or triangular) were considered as present, when their percentage was equal or higher than 0.2%, their presence being correlated with other hemolysis markers (hemoglobin, total bilirubin, lactic desidrogenasis and reticulocytes), pre-eclampsia markers (proteinuria and platelet number). The Statistical Package in Social Science for Windows (SPSS), 10.0 version has been used for statistical analysis, at p<0.05. RESULTS: schizocytes have been present in 31.6% of the pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. In most (75%) of the blood smears there have been three or four schizocytes. There has been no correlation between schizocyte presence and any other hemolysis marker, any pre-eclampsia marker or disease severity. CONCLUSIONS: schizocytes have been identified in a small number and in less than a third of the pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. There has been no correlation with other hemolysis marker parameters or with the disease severity. This way, the presence of schizocytes is not a marker of the clinical evolution of pre-eclampsia.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

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Pós-graduação em Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e Mastologia - FMB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)