Divergencias conceptuales en torno de la comunicación popular y comunitaria en América Latina

Este artículo se propone discutir nuevamente el debate establecido por algunos estudiosos latinoamericanos, especialmente brasileños, en torno de las características de la comunicación popular, también llamada participativa y comunitaria, entre otras denominaciones atribuidas en el período comprendido entre 1960 y 1980. Nos proponemos contribuir a una mejor comprensión, en tanto se considera la actualización de las expresiones comunicación popular, periódico popular, periodismo popular y periódico comunitario. Actualizamos, además, la discusión al incorporar nuevos conceptos difundidos después de 1980.

O segredinho que não é mistério: corpo e transexualidade no discurso jornalístico popular

A presente pesquisa consiste em uma análise de discurso sobre as representações que dois jornais populares cariocas (Meia Hora e Expresso) evocam para construir uma abordagem em relação à transexualidade, personificada por Ariadna Silva, participante da edição 11 do reality show Big Brother Brasil. A partir das capas dos dois periódicos, busca-se analisar manchetes, imagens e recursos iconográficos que exploram ou dialogam com convenções de gênero e sexualidade. Parte-se do referencial teórico das mediações, segundo o qual a mídia atua como ponto de encontro entre diversos discursos e códigos culturais. Nesse sentido, a estrutura deste trabalho se inicia com uma discussão sobre o papel da mídia na construção das representações sociais. Em um segundo momento, o gênero jornalismo popular será discutido mais detalhadamente. Por fim, o universo do gênero e da sexualidade, com fundamentação antropológica, será debatido como matéria-prima para a leitura do discurso dos periódicos

Popular sensacionalista: as estratégias discursivas do Jornal Agora São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC

A translação de sentidos entre língua e classe social

Ao se falar de língua, fala-se da classe social que se imagina associada a essa mesma língua. Fundamentada na Análise do Discurso Franco-Brasileira (iniciada na França pelo grupo de Michel Pêcheux e retrabalhada no Brasil a partir de formulações de Eni Orlandi) e analisando corpòra diversos, que se encontram em gramáticas, dicionários, manuais de redação jornalística e o jornal carioca Meia Hora de Notícias, esta dissertação busca entender como os sentidos sobre língua e classe social vão sendo constituídos ao mesmo tempo. A Análise do Discurso com que este estudo vai trabalhar se apresenta como um campo inserido no entremeio das ciências humanas e sociais. Entre as principais questões levantadas por este campo, estão as crenças ilusórias em que as palavras emanam sentidos próprios, apropriados, e em que o sujeito é o dono de seu dizer e de suas intenções. Entende-se, na Análise do Discurso, que os sentidos são irrecorrivelmente formados ideologicamente, e que o sujeito se constitui analogamente, por processos inconscientes que não deixam de fora também a historicidade das relações sociais. Dessa forma, para se compreender como se dão as relações entre as formações de sentido entre língua e classe social, importará a depreensão do funcionamento discursivo do tratamento que os instrumentos de gramatização dão à variedade linguística. No Meia Hora, também se procura analisar de que modo um jornal vai significando, inscrito numa prática jornalística determinada, língua e classe social concomitantemente, através do uso de uma língua imaginária

Evaluation of a solid phase microextraction method for community-based monitoring of 1,3-butadiene and benzene in Houston, Texas

The Houston region is home to arguably the largest petrochemical and refining complex anywhere. The effluent of this complex includes many potentially hazardous compounds. Study of some of these compounds has led to recognition that a number of known and probable carcinogens are at elevated levels in ambient air. Two of these, benzene and 1,3-butadiene, have been found in concentrations which may pose health risk for residents of Houston.^ Recent popular journalism and publications by local research institutions has increased the interest of the public in Houston's air quality. Much of the literature has been critical of local regulatory agencies' oversight of industrial pollution. A number of citizens in the region have begun to volunteer with air quality advocacy groups in the testing of community air. Inexpensive methods exist for monitoring of ozone, particulate matter and airborne toxic ambient concentrations. This study is an evaluation of a technique that has been successfully applied to airborne toxics.^ This technique, solid phase microextraction (SPME), has been used to measure airborne volatile organic hydrocarbons at community-level concentrations. It is has yielded accurate and rapid concentration estimates at a relatively low cost per sample. Examples of its application to measurement of airborne benzene exist in the literature. None have been found for airborne 1,3-butadiene. These compounds were selected for an evaluation of SPME as a community-deployed technique, to replicate previous application to benzene, to expand application to 1,3-butadiene and due to the salience of these compounds in this community. ^ This study demonstrates that SPME is a useful technique for quantification of 1,3-butadiene at concentrations observed in Houston. Laboratory background levels precluded recommendation of the technique for benzene. One type of SPME fiber, 85 μm Carboxen/PDMS, was found to be a sensitive sampling device for 1,3-butadiene under temperature and humidity conditions common in Houston. This study indicates that these variables affect instrument response. This suggests the necessity of calibration within specific conditions of these variables. While deployment of this technique was less expensive than other methods of quantification of 1,3-butadiene, the complexity of calibration may exclude an SPME method from broad deployment by community groups.^

Journalism, History and the Politics of Popular Culture

I argue that a divergence between popular culture as “object” and “subject” of journalism emerged during the nineteenth century in Britain. It accounts not only for different practices of journalism, but also for differences in the study of journalism, as manifested in journalism studies and cultural studies respectively. The chapter offers an historical account to show that popular culture was the source of the first mass circulation journalism, via the pauper press, but that it was later incorporated into the mechanisms of modern government for a very different purpose, the theorist of which was Walter Bagehot. Journalism’s polarity was reversed – it turned from “subjective” to “objective.” The paper concludes with a discussion of YouTube and the resurgence of self-made representation, using the resources of popular culture, in current election campaigns. Are we witnessing a further reversal of polarity, where popular culture and self-representation once again becomes the “subject” of journalism?

Top Gear, top journalism : three lessons for political journalists from the world's most popular TV show

This article examines the BBC program Top Gear, discussing why it has become one of the world’s most-watched TV programs, and how it has very successfully captivated an audience who might otherwise not be particularly interested in cars. The analysis of the show is here framed in the form of three ‘lessons’ for journalists, suggesting that some of the entertaining (and highly engaging) ways in which Top Gear presents information to its viewers could be usefully applied in the coverage of politics – a domain of knowledge which, like cars, many citizens find abstract or boring.

How does ‘Newstainment’ actually work? : ethnographic research methods and contemporary popular news

Much debate has taken place recently over the potential for entertainment genres and unorthodox forms of news to provide legitimate – indeed democratized – in-roads into the public sphere. Amidst these discussions, however, little thought has been paid to the audiences for programs of this sort, and (even when viewers are considered) the research can too easily treat audiences in homogenous terms and therefore replicate the very dichotomies these television shows directly challenge. This paper is a critical reflection on an audience study into the Australian morning “newstainment” program Sunrise. After examining the show and exploring how it is ‘used’ as a news source, this paper will promote the use of ethnographic study to better conceptualize how citizens integrate and connect the increasingly fragmented and multifarious forms of postmodern political communication available in their everyday lives.

Media Studies: "Media, History and Society", and "Thinking Popular Culture".

“When cultural life is re-defined as a perpetual round of entertainments, when serious public conversation becomes a form of baby talk, when, in short, a people become an audience and their public business a vaudeville act, then a nation finds itself at risk.” (Postman) The dire tones of Postman quoted in Janet Cramer’s Media, History, Society: A Cultural History of US Media introduce one view that she canvasses, in the debate of the moment, as to where popular culture is heading in the digital age. This is canvassed, less systematically, in Thinking Popular Culture: War Terrorism and Writing by Tara Brabazon, who for example refers to concerns about a “crisis of critical language” that is bothering professionals—journalists and academics or elsewhere—and deplores the advent of the Internet, as a “flattening of expertise in digital environments”.

Citizen journalism : a primer :when news takes to the Internet

This paper identifies factors underpinning the emergence of citizen journalism, including the rise of Web 2.0, rethinking journalism as a professional ideology, the decline of ‘high modernist’ journalism, divergence between elite and popular opinion, changing revenue bases for news production, and the decline of deference in democratic societies. It will connect these issues to wider debates about the implications of journalism and news production increasingly going into the Internet environment.

Journalism in the cinema

This chapter explores the representation of journalism in one of the most important popular culture forms, cinema. It advocates the use of movies about journalism in journalism studies teaching and research, and reviews the existing literature on the subject.

Journalism's screen test

I’ve been researching, teaching and writing about journalism for more than two decades. Throughout that time I’ve used feature films to illustrate howthe journalist is represented in popular culture.