A new genus and a new species of Clausiidae (Crustacea, Copepoda) parasitic on Dipolydora armata (Polychaeta, Spionidae) in Brazil

A new genus and species of parasitic copepod (Clausiidae), Spionicola mystaceus, associated with the polychaete Dipolydora armata (Spionidae) is described and figured. The new copepod has an elongate body, 5-segmented antennule, 2-segmented rami on legs 1 and 2, 2 spines representing leg 3, no leg 4, leg 5 well developed and reduced armature elements on feeding limbs. The host is a mollusk-shell borer, collected off São Sebastião Island, State of São Paulo, Brazil.

A new species of Stratiodrilus (Polychaeta, Histriobdellidae) from freshwater crayfishes of southern Brazil

A new species of polychaete, Stratiodrilus vilae, epizoic on Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869) and P. defossus Faxon, 1898, is described from the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. The new species has one pair of long, anal, conical ventral lobes, one on each side of the anus, claspers in the males, and one pair of tubercles in each of the posterior locomotor appendages; and the jaw apparatus not reaching the limit between the head and the first segment.

Nereididae (Annelida, Polychaeta) da costa nordeste do Brasil: II. Gêneros Namalycastis, Ceratocephale, Laeonereis e Rullierinereis

Six polychaete species belonging to the genera Namalycastis Hartman, 1959, Ceratocephale Malmgren, 1867, Laeonereis Hartman, 1945, and Rullierinereis Pettibone, 1970 were recorded as part of a systematic survey of the family Nereididae in estuaries, exposed sandy beaches, shelly soft bottoms, atolls and coral reefs of the Brazilian northeastern coast. Two new species, Rullierinereis auxiliadorae, from Ceará coast and Ceratocephale rocaensis, from Atol das Rocas, are described.

Nereididae (Polychaeta) da costa nordeste do Brasil: III. Gêneros Ceratonereis e Nereis

Ten species belonging to the genera Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1866 and Nereis Linnaeus, 1758 were recorded in estuaries, exposed sandy beaches, shelly soft bottoms, atolls and coral reefs of the Brazilian northeastern coast. Two new species, Nereis serrata, from Ceará coast, and Nereis pseudomoniliformis, from Sergipe coast, are described.

Análise filogenética de Questidae e Clitellata: o problema da parafilia de "Polychaeta"

Hypotheses about the phylogenetic relationships within Questidae, and the relationships of this taxon with Clitellata using parsimony analysis of 35 external and internal morphological characters of 36 terminal taxons are presented. The results show the position of Questidae within Scolecida and Clitellata. Within the Polychaeta, Clitellata is the sister group of the Questidae. The results also indicate that the Scolecida, Microdrilli, Polychaeta, Oligochaeta and Tubificidae are paraphyletic. Clitellata, Megadrilli, Questidae, Hirudinae are monophyletic.

Sewage impact on the composition and distribution of Polychaeta associated to intertidal mussel beds of the Mar del Plata rocky shore, Argentina

The polychaete composition and distribution within mussel beds were studied in order to assess organic pollution due to domestic sewage in a rocky shore of Mar del Plata (Argentina) during 1997. Four stations and a control site were randomly sampled around the local effluent. Quantitative data on polychaetes, as well as sediment accumulated among mussels and its organic carbon content were measured. Polychaete distribution patterns are related to the organic matter gradient, being Capitella cf. capitata, Neanthes succinea (Frey & Leuckart, 1847) and Boccardia polybranchia (Haswell, 1885) the dominant indicator species close to the effluent. At medial distances, the cirratulids Caulleriella alata (Southern, 1914) and Cirratulus cirratus (Müller, 1776) are very important in abundance. The syllids Syllis prolixa Ehlers, 1901 and S. gracilis Grube, 1840 are distributed along the study area, but dominate at the medial stations and at the control site. The orbiniid Protoariciella uncinata Hartmann-Schröder, 1962 is subdominant at the control station.

Species of Terebellides (Polychaeta, Terebellidae, Trichobranchinae) from the Brazilian coast

Terebellides sepultura sp. nov. is described from the continental shelf bottoms off southern Brazil. Terebellides carmenensis Solis-Weiss, Fauchald & Blankensteyn, 1991 is newly recorded for the Brazilian coast and notes on T. anguicomus F. Müller, 1858 and T. klemani Kinberg, 1867 are provided. A key to 28 species of Terebellides is given.

Two new species of Caulleriella (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae) from Argentina

Caulleriella bremecae and C. galeanoi (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) are newly described from Mar del Plata, Argentina (38ºS, 57ºW). Both species have small, red-pigmented nuchal organs (lateral "eyes") on the prostomium. Caulleriella bremecae sp. nov. is further characterized by a peristomium without annulations except for a narrow anterior dorsal fold, posterior part of peristomium extending posterodorsally over chaetiger 1, latter extending posterodorsally over chaetiger 2 and with slightly separated grooved palps arising middorsally; notochaetae of chaetigers 1-23 all smooth capillaries, thereafter with six bidentate sigmoid hooks and 3-4 capillaries, both types fewer on last 4-5 chaetigers; neurochaetae of chaetigers 1-2 comprised of 8 bidentate hooks and 1-2 capillaries, thereafter only bidentate hooks, decreasing in number posteriorly. The species is frequent and abundant throughout the year in the intertidal mussel beds situated 200-700m from the sewage outfall of Mar del Plata city. Caulleriella galeanoi sp. nov. is characterized by a peristomium with three annulations dorsally, with grooved palps arising from annulus 3, and by smooth capillary chaetae in noto- and neuropodia of chaetigers 1-2. Bidentate hooks are present in neuropodia from chaetiger 3, numbering 5-6 in anterior and middle chaetigers, 1-3 in posterior ones. Notopodia have 3-6 pairs of smooth capillary chaetae, decreasing in number posteriorly. From chaetiger 13-20, notopodia with 1-2 capillary chaetae and 1-2 bidentate hooks. Specimens held in aquaria supplied with water and the green alga Vaucheria sp. (Vaucheriaceae) from the intertidal zone reproduced asexually by fission. Gametes were not observed in any specimens.

Morphometric analysis of Capitella capitata (Polychaeta, Capitellidae)

Accurate size measurements are fundamental in characterizing the population structure and secondary production of a species. The purpose of this study was to determine the best morphometric parameter to estimate the size of individuals of Capitella capitata (Fabricius, 1780). The morphometric analysis was applied to individuals collected in the intertidal zones of two beaches on the northern coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil: São Francisco and Araçá. The following measurements were taken: the width and length (height) of the 4th, 5th and 7th setigers, and the length of the thoracic region (first nine setigers). The area and volume of these setigers were calculated and a linear regression analysis was applied to the data. The data were log-transformed to fit the allometric equation y = ax b into a straight line (log y = log a + b * log x). The measurements which best correlated with the thoracic length in individuals from both beaches were the length of setiger 5 (r² = 0.722; p<0.05 in São Francisco and r² = 0.795; p<0.05 in Araçá) and the area of setiger 7 (r² = 0.705; p<0.05 in São Francisco and r² = 0.634; p<0.05 in Araçá). According to these analyses, the length of setiger 5 and/or the area of setiger 7 are the best parameters to evaluate the growth of individuals of C. capitata.

The Annelida Polychaeta / by Ralph V. Chamberlin.

v.48 (1919) plates

Variação sazonal no recrutamento de Phragmatopoma caudata (Polychaeta, Sabellariidae) na costa sudeste do Brasil: biometria e validação de metodologia para categorização de classes etárias

Este estudo explora a maturação de gametas e biometria de Phragmatopoma caudata Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 para endossar uma metodologia e oferecer uma técnica adequada para estudos que objetivam avaliar a ecologia populacional. A análise de correlação de Pearson confirmou a relação positiva (r = 0,90, P <0,0001) entre o comprimento do corpo e o comprimento da coroa opercular. Indivíduos com opercular crown < 0,9 mm podem ser considerados como juvenil devido à ausência de gametas. Portanto, utilizando-se o método aprovado para separar as classes de tamanho, a população dos recifes de P. caudata no Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí (PEJX) na Baía de Santos, Estado de São Paulo, foi examinada durante dois anos, com o objetivo de analisar a densidade populacional e o padrão sazonal da classe juvenil. Em período de elevadas taxas de juvenis, a densidade populacional atingiu 128.115 ind./m², porém, a média foi 65.090±22.033 ind./m². As análises estatísticas (Kruskal-Wallis H = 18,475, p < 0,01) revelaram existir variação significativa na composição juvenil entre as estações chuvosa e seca. Apesar da presença de juvenis em meses de seca, as estações chuvosas contemplaram 92,1% dos juvenis amostrados. O padrão de juvenis observado pode estar relacionado com fatores biológicos (e.g. gametogênese e ciclo de vida) e abióticos (e.g. suprimento alimentar e correntes marinhas). Estes resultados destacam a necessidade de programas de monitoramento de longo prazo que integrem elementos ecológicos e abióticos, a fim de obter uma compreensão mais completa da ecologia desse poliqueta e ajudar a gerenciar a biodiversidade marinha do PEJX.

Composición funcional del grupo Polychaeta en la bahía de Paita y la plataforma adyacente (5°S), Perú. Febrero 2003 a octubre 2008.

El objetivo fue determinar la variación batimétrica y temporal de la composición funcional por gremios tróficos del grupo Poliquetos. Se colectaron muestras de macrobentos e información oceanográfica en tres estaciones ubicadas en la bahía (BH, 35 m), plataforma interna (PI, 65 m) y plataforma externa (PE, 117 m), de febrero 2003 a octubre 2008. Los resultados indicaron que la variabilidad estacional está sujeta a cambios de mayor escala, como el incremento de la producción primaria en primavera y verano, posibilitando un aumento de los depositívoros superficiales (SDF) en la BH durante primavera, por efecto de la acumulación de materia orgánica fitoplanctónica que llega al fondo. Asimismo, la disminución de los depositívoros superficiales (SDF) y el aumento de los suspensívoros (SF) en verano, en la BH y PI, se pueden explicar debido al incremento de la descarga de partículas terrígenas de origen vegetal, que afectan físicamente al sustrato. En tanto, los consumidores de interfaz (IF) que dominaron en verano/otoño en la PE, donde la influencia continental es menor, pueden haber sido favorecidos por la mayor calidad de flujo acumulado de fitodetritus en los sedimentos y a un menor contenido de OD, lo cual disminuyó quizás la presión por predación y competencia.

Antioxidant responses of Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta) after exposure to hydrogen peroxide

The effects of H2O2 were evaluated in the estuarine worm Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) collected at the Patos Lagoon estuary (Southern Brazil) and maintained in the laboratory under controlled salinity (10 psu diluted seawater) and temperature (20°C). The worms were exposed to H2O2 (10 and 50 µM) for 4, 7, and 10 days and the following variables were determined: oxygen consumption, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase activity in both the supernatant and pellet fractions of whole body homogenates. The concentrations of non-protein sulfhydryl and lipid peroxides (LPO) were also measured. The oxygen consumption response was biphasic, decreasing after 4 days and increasing after 7 and 10 days of exposure to 50 µM H2O2 (P < 0.05). At the same H2O2 concentration, CAT activity was lower (P < 0.05) in the pellet fraction of worms exposed for 10 days compared to control. Non-protein sulfhydryl concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity were not affected by H2O2 exposure. After 10 days, LPO levels were higher (P < 0.05) in worms exposed to 50 µM H2O2 compared to control. The reduction in the antioxidant defense was paralleled by oxidative stress as indicated by higher LPO values (441% compared to control). The reduction of CAT activity in the pellet fraction may be related to protein oxidation. These results, taken together with previous findings, suggest that the worms were not able to cope with this H2O2 concentration.

Nereidos (Polychaeta: Nereidae) de los litorales mexicanos: Sistemática, biogeografía y alimentación

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Ecología) UANL