Poliuretanas a partir de polióis de óleo de soja

O desenvolvimento de novos materiais a partir de fontes naturais renováveis tem crescido muito, não somente devido às questões relacionadas aos problemas ambientais, mas também pelo fato desses materiais poderem apresentar propriedades diferenciadas daqueles de origem petroquímica. Os óleos vegetais, formados por triglicerídeos de ácidos graxos, fornecem uma excelente plataforma para síntese de materiais poliméricos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo da preparação e da relação estrutura-propriedade de poliuretanas (PUs) obtidas a partir de polióis de óleo de soja. A influência da funcionalidade do poliol de óleo de soja (índice de OH mgKOH/g), da estrutura química do diisocianato (cadeia rígida -diisocianato de tolileno-TDI e 4,4-diisocianato de difenilmetano-MDI ou flexível -1,6-diisocianato de hexametileno-HDI) - e das condições reacionais (tempo e temperatura) foram investigadas. As poliuretanas foram caracterizadas através de análises dinâmico-mecânicas (DMTA) e termogravimétricas (TGA), testes de inchamento, dureza e densidade. Poliuretanas obtidas a partir de polióis de óleo de soja com funcionalidade de 1,9 a 3,2, resultaram em materiais termofixos com diferentes densidades de reticulação e temperaturas de transição vítrea. As poliuretanas preparadas com isocianatos aromáticos MDI e TDI apresentaram maior Tg que o polímero obtido com o isocianato de cadeia flexível (HDI). Neste trabalho, também foram obtidos compósitos de poliuretanas preparadas a partir de polióis de óleo de soja e TDI com cargas naturais. Utilizou-se o xisto retortado, em diferentes porcentagens mássicas, e a cinza de casca de arroz com porcentagem mássica de 10%. As propriedades desses compósitos foram avaliadas através de ensaios de tensão-deformação e testes de dureza. Análise em microscópio eletrônico de varredura foi utilizada para observar a interação polímero/carga. O compósito preparado com 10% de cinza de casca de arroz apresentou uma melhor interação com a matriz polimérica quando comparado ao xisto retortado.

Preparação de poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona

Polyurethanes are very versatile macromolecular materials that can be used in the form of powders, adhesives and elastomers. As a consequence, they constitute important subject for research as well as outstanding materials used in several manufacturing processes. In addition to the search for new polyurethanes, the kinetics control during its preparation is a very important topic, mainly if the polyurethane is obtained via bulk polymerization. The work in thesis was directed towards this subject, particularly the synthesis of polyurethanes based castor oil and isophorone diisocianate. As a first step castor oil characterized using the following analytical methods: iodine index, saponification index, refraction index, humidity content and infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR). As a second step, test specimens of these polyurethanes were obtained via bulk polymerization and were submitted to swelling experiments with different solvents. From these experiments, the Hildebrand parameter was determined for this material. Finally, bulk polymerization was carried out in a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) equipment, using different heating rates, at two conditions: without catalyst and with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The DSC curves were adjusted to a kinetic model, using the isoconversional method, indicating the autocatalytic effect characteristic of this class of polymerization reaction

Preparação de resinas de poliuretana à base de óleo de mamona e dietanolamina

The aim of this work was the preparation of polyols from reactions between castor oil and dietanolamine to increase the hydroxyl content and the network degree in the products to application in electronic devices. The polyols and the mixtures obtained were characterized by nuclear magnetic ressonance. Castor oil (CO) is a natural triglyceride - based polyol possessing hydroxyl groups, which allow several reactions that produce many different products. Among them are the polyurethanes (PU), which have been considered an ideal product for the covering of electricelectronic circuits, due to their excellent electrical, shock-absorbing, solvents resistance and hydrolytic stability properties. About 90% of the fatty acids present in the castor oil are ricinoleic acid (12-hydroxyoleic acid), while the remaining 10% correspond to non-hydroxylated fatty acids, mainly linoleic and oleic acids. The chemical analysis of castor oil indicates a hydroxyl number of 2.7. In this work, a polyol was obtained by the reaction of the CO with diethanolamine (DEA), in order to elevate the hydroxyl value from 160 to 230 or to 280 mgKOH/g, and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) 1H and 13C (Mercury 200). The polyadition of the resulting polyol with isophorone diisocianate (IPDI) was carried out at 60°C, and the reaction kinetics was followed by rheological measurements in a Haake RS150 rheometer. The electrical properties were determined in a HP LCR Meter 4262A, at 1.0 Hz and 10.0 KHz. The chemical analysis showed that the polyols obtained presented hydroxyl number from 230 to 280 mgKOH/g. The polyadition reaction with IPDI produced polyurethane resins with the following properties: hardness in the range from 45 shore A to 65 shore D (ASTM D2240); a dielectric constant of 3.0, at 25°C (ASTM D150). Those results indicate that the obtained resins present compatible properties to the similar products of fossil origin, which are used nowadays for covering electric-electronic circuits. Therefore, the PUs from castor oil can be considered as alternative materials of renewable source, free from the highly harmful petroleum - derived solvents

Avaliação da integração de implantes de silicone com superfícies lisa, texturizada e de poliuretano em cavidades anoftálmicas evisceradas de coelhos

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Produção de chapas de partículas com resíduos de madeira Cordia goeldiana

The aim of this research consisted in the use of wastes from tropical wood (Cordia goeldiana) with low density and the polyurethane resin (mono and bicomponent) castor oil based in the manufacture of particleboards, generating subsidies as application in rural and civil construction, as well in the furniture industry. The particleboards were manufactured with 15% of polyurethane resin content (one part of pre-polymer and one part of polyol), compaction pressure of 4MPa, pressing temperature of 90 degrees C and press time of 7 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties investigated were density, moisture content, strength modulus in bending and internal bond, both obtained according to the recommendations of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 14810:2002. The mean values obtained for these properties were systematically superior to the Brazilian standard requirement. This point showed that it is possible the use of Cordia goeldiana wastes in the particleboard production. We confirmed the hypothesis of a significant linear relation between density and the internal bond of the panels, allowing the estimation of the internal bond of particleboards.