Le parcours en emploi des immigrantes sélectionnées au Québec : quelles différences avec leurs homologues masculins ?

L'Enquête rétrospective sur les travailleurs sélectionnés au Québec a permis d’analyser la relation formation-emploi des immigrantes — arrivées comme requérantes principales — et de jeter un regard sur le parcours en emploi de ces femmes, en comparaison avec leurs homologues masculins. Une attention particulière est mise sur l'effet de genre et de la région de provenance, ainsi que l'interaction entre ces deux variables. Des modèles semi-paramétriques de Cox mettent en exergue comment les caractéristiques individuelles, mais aussi les activités de formation dans la société d’accueil, affectent au fil du temps les risques relatifs d’obtenir un premier emploi correspondant à ses qualifications scolaires prémigratoires. Puis, des régressions linéaires font état des déterminants du salaire après deux ans sur le territoire. Les résultats montrent que l'accès à l'emploi qualifié n'est pas affecté différemment selon que l'immigrant soit un homme ou une femme. Des différences intragroupes apparaissent toutefois en fonction de la région de provenance, avec un net avantage pour les immigrants de l'Europe de l'Ouest et des États-Unis. L'accès au premier emploi (sans distinction pour les qualifications) et le salaire révèlent, quant à eux, des différences sur la base du genre, avec un désavantage pour les femmes. Chez ces dernières, l'insertion en emploi se fait de façon similaire entre les groupes régionaux, alors que les groupes d'hommes sont plus hétérogènes. D'ailleurs, certaines caractéristiques individuelles, comme la connaissance du français et la catégorie d'admission, affectent différemment les immigrants et les immigrantes dans l'accès au premier emploi.

Quantum spherical model with competing interactions

We analyse the phase diagram of a quantum mean spherical model in terms of the temperature T, a quantum parameter g, and the ratio p = -J(2)/J(1) where J(1) > 0 refers to ferromagnetic interactions between first-neighbour sites along the d directions of a hypercubic lattice, and J(2) < 0 is associated with competing anti ferromagnetic interactions between second neighbours along m <= d directions. We regain a number of known results for the classical version of this model, including the topology of the critical line in the g = 0 space, with a Lifshitz point at p = 1/4, for d > 2, and closed-form expressions for the decay of the pair correlations in one dimension. In the T = 0 phase diagram, there is a critical border, g(c) = g(c) (p) for d >= 2, with a singularity at the Lifshitz point if d < (m + 4)/2. We also establish upper and lower critical dimensions, and analyse the quantum critical behavior in the neighborhood of p = 1/4. 2012 (C) Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Microbiological indicators for the assessment of performance in the hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP) system in meat lasagna production

The HACCP system is being increasingly used to ensure food safety. This study investigated the validation of the control measures technique in order to establish performance indicators of this HACCP system in the manufacturing process of Lasagna Bolognese (meat lasagna). Samples were collected along the manufacturing process as a whole, before and after the CCPs. The following microorganism s indicator (MIs) was assessed: total mesophile and faecal coliform counts. The same MIs were analyzed in the final product, as well as, the microbiological standards required by the current legislation. A significant reduction in the total mesophile count was observed after cooking (p < 0.001). After storage, there was a numerical, however non-significant change in the MI count. Faecal coliform counts were also significantly reduced (p < 0.001) after cooking. We were able to demonstrate that the HACCP system allowed us to meet the standards set by both, the company and the Brazilian regulations, proved by the reduction in the established indicators

Self-assembly in chains, rings, and branches: a single component system with two critical points

Agências financiadoras: FCT - PEstOE/FIS/UI0618/2011; PTDC/FIS/098254/2008 ERC-PATCHYCOLLOIDS e MIUR-PRIN

Pen and sunlight sketches of scenery reached by the Grand Trunk Railway system and connections with summer routes and fares to principal points : including Niagara Falls, Thousand Islands, Rapids of the St. Lawrence, Montreal, Quebec, Parry Sound, Georgian Bay, Muskoka Lakes, Adirondacks, Lake St. John, Mackinac Island, Midland District Lakes, the White Mountains, the Suquenay River, Rangeley Lakes and the sea-shore.--

At head of title: "Great tourist route of America".

Dynamics of a spacecraft and normalization around Lagrangian points in the Neptune-Triton system

The problem of a spacecraft orbiting the Neptune-Triton system is presented. The new ingredients in this restricted three body problem are the Neptune oblateness and the high inclined and retrograde motion of Triton. First we present some interesting simulations showing the role played by the oblateness on a Neptune's satellite, disturbed by Triton. We also give an extensive numerical exploration in the case when the spacecraft orbits Triton, considering Sun, Neptune and its planetary oblateness as disturbers. In the plane a x I (a = semi-major axis, I = inclination), we give a plot of the stable regions where the massless body can survive for thousand of years. Retrograde and direct orbits were considered and as usual, the region of stability is much more significant for the case of direct orbit of the spacecraft (Triton's orbit is retrograde). Next we explore the dynamics in a vicinity of the Lagrangian points. The Birkhoff normalization is constructed around L-2, followed by its reduction to the center manifold. In this reduced dynamics, a convenient Poincare section shows the interplay of the Lyapunov and halo periodic orbits, Lissajous and quasi-halo tori as well as the stable and unstable manifolds of the planar Lyapunov orbit. To show the effect of the oblateness, the planar Lyapunov family emanating from the Lagrangian points and three-dimensional halo orbits are obtained by the numerical continuation method. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of COSPAR.

Zero, minimum and maximum relative radial acceleration for planar formation flight dynamics near triangular libration points in the Earth-Moon system

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Chaotic Dynamics in a Low-Energy Transfer Strategy to the Equilateral Equilibrium Points in the Earth-Moon System

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Regular singular points of a system of homogeneous linear differential equations of the first order.

"From Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, v.38, no. 9, Oct. 1902."

Observations on some points relating to the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system.

Mode of access: Internet.

Verification of the indoor gps system by comparison with points calibrated using a network of laser tracker measurements

This paper details a method of determining the uncertainty of dimensional measurement for a three dimensional coordinate measurement machine. An experimental procedure was developed to compare three dimensional coordinate measurements with calibrated reference points. The reference standard used to calibrate these reference points was a fringe counting interferometer with the multilateration technique employed to establish three dimensional coordinates. This is an extension of the established technique of comparing measured lengths with calibrated lengths. Specifically a distributed coordinate measurement device was tested which consisted of a network of Rotary-Laser Automatic Theodolites (R-LATs), this system is known commercially as indoor GPS (iGPS). The method was found to be practical and able to establish that the expanded uncertainty of the basic iGPS system was approximately 1 mm at a 95% confidence level. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010.

A Ride-Sharing System with High Capacity Vehicles and Flexible Meeting Points

In many major cities, fixed route transit systems such as bus and rail serve millions of trips per day. These systems have people collect at common locations (the station or stop), and board at common times (for example according to a predetermined schedule or headway). By using common service locations and times, these modes can consolidate many trips that have similar origins and destinations or overlapping routes. However, the routes are not sensitive to changing travel patterns, and have no way of identifying which trips are going unserved, or are poorly served, by the existing routes. On the opposite end of the spectrum, personal modes of transportation, such as a private vehicle or taxi, offer service to and from the exact origin and destination of a rider, at close to exactly the time they desire to travel. Despite the apparent increased convenience to users, the presence of a large number of small vehicles results in a disorganized, and potentially congested road network during high demand periods. The focus of the research presented in this paper is to develop a system that possesses both the on-demand nature of a personal mode, with the efficiency of shared modes. In this system, users submit their request for travel, but are asked to make small compromises in their origin and destination location by walking to a nearby meeting point, as well as slightly modifying their time of travel, in order to accommodate other passengers. Because the origin and destination location of the request can be adjusted, this is a more general case of the Dial-a-Ride problem with time windows. The solution methodology uses a graph clustering algorithm coupled with a greedy insertion technique. A case study is presented using actual requests for taxi trips in Washington DC, and shows a significant decrease in the number of vehicles required to serve the demand.

Cervical Injuries Scored According To The Subaxial Injury Classification System: An Analysis Of The Literature.

The Subaxial Injury Classification (SLIC) system and severity score has been developed to help surgeons in the decision-making process of treatment of subaxial cervical spine injuries. A detailed description of all potential scored injures of the SLIC is lacking. We performed a systematic review in the PubMed database from 2007 to 2014 to describe the relationship between the scored injuries in the SLIC and their eventual treatment according to the system score. Patients with an SLIC of 1-3 points (conservative treatment) are neurologically intact with the spinous process, laminar or small facet fractures. Patients with compression and burst fractures who are neurologically intact are also treated nonsurgically. Patients with an SLIC of 4 points may have an incomplete spinal cord injury such as a central cord syndrome, compression injuries with incomplete neurologic deficits and burst fractures with complete neurologic deficits. SLIC of 5-10 points includes distraction and rotational injuries, traumatic disc herniation in the setting of a neurological deficit and burst fractures with an incomplete neurologic deficit. The SLIC injury severity score can help surgeons guide fracture treatment. Knowledge of the potential scored injures and their relationships with the SLIC are of paramount importance for spine surgeons who treated subaxial cervical spine injuries.

Bacterial Killing Via A Type Iv Secretion System.

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are multiprotein complexes that transport effector proteins and protein-DNA complexes through bacterial membranes to the extracellular milieu or directly into the cytoplasm of other cells. Many bacteria of the family Xanthomonadaceae, which occupy diverse environmental niches, carry a T4SS with unknown function but with several characteristics that distinguishes it from other T4SSs. Here we show that the Xanthomonas citri T4SS provides these cells the capacity to kill other Gram-negative bacterial species in a contact-dependent manner. The secretion of one type IV bacterial effector protein is shown to require a conserved C-terminal domain and its bacteriolytic activity is neutralized by a cognate immunity protein whose 3D structure is similar to peptidoglycan hydrolase inhibitors. This is the first demonstration of the involvement of a T4SS in bacterial killing and points to this special class of T4SS as a mediator of both antagonistic and cooperative interbacterial interactions.