The natural history of Pliny.

Mode of access: Internet.

The natural history of Pliny.

Mode of access: Internet.

Regurgitating Nature: On a Celebrated Anecdote by Karel van Mander about Pieter Bruegel the Elder

The curious anecdote in Karel van Mander’s biography of Bruegel, where the artist is said to have swallowed all the mountains and rocks during his crossing of the Alps and spat them out again onto canvas and panels upon returning home, has been quoted by almost every Bruegel scholar. Yet it has never been given a full explanation. In this study, it is proposed that the passage, echoing on one level Bruegel’s frequent depiction of overindulging peasants, disguises a highly cultivated reference to the theory of imitation as a digestive process, or innutrition theory, which was widely used by humanist writers of the time to champion vernacular expression.

The symbolic value of grafting in ancient Rome

Some scholars have read Virgil’s grafted tree (G. 2.78–82) as a sinister image, symptomatic of man’s perversion of nature. However, when it is placed within the long tradition of Roman accounts of grafting (in both prose and verse), it seems to reinforce a consistently positive view of the technique, its results, and its possibilities. Virgil’s treatment does represent a significant change from Republican to Imperial literature, whereby grafting went from mundane reality to utopian fantasy. This is reflected in responses to Virgil from Ovid, Columella, Calpurnius, Pliny the Elder, and Palladius (with Republican context from Cato, Varro, and Lucretius), and even in the postclassical transformation of Virgil’s biography into a magical folktale.

Cover to be unveiled : how meaning is revealed with sheer veils in paintings by Lucas Cranach The Elder

While scholars have questioned the meaning of Lucas Cranach the Elder’s sheer veils when associated with sensual nude figures, research about sheer veils adorning women in a religious context in his paintings has not yet been developed. Through a primarily iconographical approach, I explore who dons each type of veil, and when, to better understand why the same sheer veil is worn differently by various individuals and what that could mean relative to Cranach’s body of work. These veils exhibit artistic prowess, but analysis of their placement on individual figures also reveals how Cranach’s repeated use of sheer veils in his paintings trains the eye on underlying messages, unlocking meanings of these works for Cranach and his patrons and broader themes present in sixteenth century visual culture. My paper initiates this important discussion about how sheer veils – often overlooked in Cranach’s works – are used in both religious and secular contexts.

Natural history; an account by a Roman of what Romans knew and did and valued.Compacted from the many volumes of the Historia naturalis by Loyd Haberly.

Mode of access: Internet.

The letters of Pliny the Younger : with observations on each letter, and an essay on Pliny's life ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

The letters of Pliny : the younger with observations on Each Letter /

Mode of access: Internet.

Early English voyages to northern Russia : comprising the voyages of John Tradescant the Elder, Sir Hugh Willoughby, Richard Chancellor, Nelson, and others /

Published in 1843 under title: Tradescant der Aeltere 1618 in Russland.

A century-old concern : business of Jones, McDuffee & Stratton Co., founded by Otis Norcross, the elder, in 1810 ... /

Half-title: A century of uninterrupted progress.

The letters of Pliny the consul, with occasional remarks

Mode of access: Internet.

The letters of Pliny the Consul /

Mode of access: Internet.