Verres et vitrocéramiques à base de chalco: halogénures dopés par des ions de terres rares pour la luminescence dans le visible

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Espectro de polariton de plasmons e propriedades ópitcas de super-redes tipo cantor

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Espectro de Polariton de Plasmons e Ondas de Luz em Quasi-Cristais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Numerical and experimental investigation of wedge tip radius effect on wedge plasmons

We report numerical analysis and experimental observation of strongly localized plasmons guided by triangular metal wedges and pay special attention to the effect of smooth (nonzero radius) tips. Dispersion, dissipation, and field structure of such wedge plasmons are analyzed using the compact two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain algorithm. Experimental observation is conducted by the end-fire excitation and near-field scanning optical microscope detection of the predicted plasmons on 40°silver nanowedges with the wedge tip radii of 20, 85, and 125 nm that were fabricated by the focused-ion beam method. The effect of smoothing wedge tips is shown to be similar to that of increasing wedge angle. Increasing wedge angle or wedge tip radius results in increasing propagation distance at the same time as decreasing field localization (decreasing wave number). Quantitative differences between the theoretical and experimental propagation distances are suggested to be due to a contribution of scattered bulk and surface waves near the excitation region as well as the addition of losses due to surface roughness. The theoretical and measured propagation distances are several plasmon wavelengths and are useful for a range of nano-optical applications

Coherent superposition of exciton states in quantum dots induced by surface plasmons

We present an experimental demonstration of strong optical coupling between CdSequantum dots of different sizes which is induced by a surface plasmon propagating on a planar silver thin film. Attenuated total reflection measurements demonstrate the hybridization of exciton states, characterized by the observation of two avoided crossings in the energy dispersion measured for the interacting system.

Are plasmons responsible for the Raman signal enhancement observed with gold nanoparticle sensors?

The electromagnetic enhancement that occurs in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates containing gold nanoparticles (NPs) is believed to arise through the generation of localised surface plasmons. We present results that show no SERS signals are obtained when 25 nm diameter gold NPs layered quartz substrates exposed to 2-aminopyridine are illuminated with plasmon resonant 532 nm radiation, but SERS signals are observed when the same samples are illuminated with non-resonant 785 nm radiation.

Excitation of bound plasmons along nanoscale stripe waveguides: A comparison of end and grating coupling techniques

In this paper we excite bound long range stripe plasmon modes with a highly focused laser beam. We demonstrate highly confined plasmons propagating along a 50 μm long silver stripe 750 nm wide and 30 nm thick. Two excitation techniques were studied: focusing the laser spot onto the waveguide end and focusing the laser spot onto a silver grating. By comparing the intensity of the out-coupling photons at the end of the stripe for both grating and end excitation we are able to show that gratings provide an increase of a factor of two in the output intensity and thus out-coupling of plasmons excited by this technique are easier to detect. Authors expect that the outcome of this paper will prove beneficial for the development of passive nano-optical devices based on stripe waveguides, by providing insight into the different excitation techniques available and the advantages of each technique.

The interaction of quantum dots with plasmons supported by metal waveguides

Plasmonics is a recently emerged technology that enables the compression of electromagnetic waves into miniscule metallic structures, thus enabling the focusing and routing of light on the nanoscale. Plasmonic waveguides can be used to miniaturise the size of integrated chip circuits while increasing the data transmission speed. Plasmonic waveguides are used to route the plasmons around a circuit and are a major focus of this thesis. Also, plasmons are highly sensitive to the surrounding dielectric environment. Using this property we have experimentally realised a refractive index sensor to detect refractive index change in solutions.

On the non-existence of hydrodynamic solution of surface plasmons at the bimetallic interface

It is shown that for an abrupt bimetallic interface a hydrodynamic solution for interface plasmons does not exist. It appears that this result is valid irrespective of the choice of of the additional boundary condition, thereby suggesting a careful look at the use of usual hydrodynamic equations for a bimetallic interface.

Plasmons in spatially separated rolled-up electron-hole double-layer systems

Using the two-component random phase approximation, we report the collective mode spectrum of a quasi-one-dimensional spatially separated electron-hole double-layer system characterized by rolled-up type-II band aligned quantum wells. We find two intra-subband collective excitations, which can be classified into optic and acoustic plasmon branches, and several inter-subband plasmon modes. At the long wavelength limit and up to a given wave vector, our model predicts and admits an undamped acoustic branch, which always lies in the gap between the intra-subband electron and hole continua, and an undamped optic branch residing within the gap between the inter-subband electron and hole continua, for all values of the electron-hole charge separations. This theoretical investigation suggests that the low-energy and Landau-undamped plasmon modes might exist based on quasi-one-dimensional, two-component spatially separated electron-hole plasmas, and their possibility could be experimentally examined. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

Efecto de diferentes residuos de origen vegetal y animal en algunas caracteristicas fisica, quimica y biológica del compost. Hacienda Las Mercedes, Managua, 2005

El estudio del efecto de diferentes residuos orgánicos de origen vegetal y animal en algunas características física, química y biológica del compost. Los objetivos fueron: C ontribuir a la búsqueda de alternativas de reciclaje de diferentes materiales de origen vegetal, animal y que contenga buenas características físicas, q uímicas y biológicas, evaluar el efecto de diferentes materiales orgánicos (pulpa de café, aserrín, basura verde + cascarilla de arroz, abono verde + cascarilla de arroz y residuos del comedor) sobre algunas propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas del c ompost y determinar cuál de las mezclas orgánicas evaluadas (pulpa de café, aserrín, basura verde + cascarilla de arroz, abono verde + cascarilla de arroz y residuos del comedor) contribuyen a mejorar algunas de las propiedades químicas, físicas y biológic as del compost. Se estableció en la Hacienda Las Mercedes, propiedad de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, ubicada en el Km. 11 y ½ carretera norte, 1 Km. al lago frente a la empresa CARNIC en la localidad Las Mercedes perteneciente al departamento de Mana gua. Está finca se ubica geográficamente a los 12º8 ́36 ́ ́ latitud norte y 86º09 ́49 ́ ́ longitud oeste a una altitud de 56 msnm. El estudio comprendió cinco tratamientos y tres repeticiones: los cinco tratamientos compuestos de: basura seca recogida de la Ha cienda Las Mercedes, estiércol, cal y sica (carbón vegetal) en común; el tratamiento uno se diferenciaba por la presencia de pulpa de café, el dos por tener aserrín, el tres con basura verde más cascarilla de arroz, el cuatro con abono verde más cascarill a de arroz y el quinto con residuos provenientes del comedor de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: temperatura, humedad, fitoxicidad , Contenido de macro y micro elementos y d iversidad de hongos y bacterias en el proce so de compostaje . El aná lisis estadístico utilizado fue el análisis de varianza a la variable: análisis químico, se realizó separación de medias por TUKEY al 5% de probabilidad de error. A las variables humedad, toxicidad y análisis microbiológico se les realizó un análisis cualitativo. La variable temperatura se le realizó análisis de varianz a a través del MANOVA. Se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: existe diferencia significativa entre los tratamientos en la variable temperatura siendo la pulp a de café el material orgánico que favorece mayor actividad microbiana y que permitió obtener temperaturas más altas que el resto de mezclas . La pasteurización del abono se logró a través de que la temperatura entre 45 ºC y 50 ºC fue por un tiempo prolon gado. Según el resultado del análisis químico realizado en el laboratorio de suelos y aguas de la UNA indican por que los rangos de humedad al final del ensayo se mantuvieron dentro de los parámetros óptimos (50 - 65 %). Todos los tratamientos tienen una r elación carbono/nitrógeno alta, las que varían entre 79:1 a 60:1. Todas las mezclas tienen estabilidad, no hay presencia de sustancias fitotóxicas. En todos los tratamientos se obtiene una germinación arriba del 90 por ciento. La presencia de bacterias y hongos estuvo durante todo el proceso de descomposición, siendo menor el número de especies de hongos encontrados por tratamiento a los 30 días que a los 90 días. Entre las bacterias más encontradas están las del género Bacillus.