Multi-software modeling technique for field distribution propagation through an optical vertical interconnect assembly

Embedded siloxane polymer waveguides have shown promising results for use in optical backplanes. They exhibit high temperature stability, low optical absorption, and require common processing techniques. A challenging aspect of this technology is out-of-plane coupling of the waveguides. A multi-software approach to modeling an optical vertical interconnect (via) is proposed. This approach utilizes the beam propagation method to generate varied modal field distribution structures which are then propagated through a via model using the angular spectrum propagation technique. Simulation results show average losses between 2.5 and 4.5 dB for different initial input conditions. Certain configurations show losses of less than 3 dB and it is shown that in an input/output pair of vias, average losses per via may be lower than the targeted 3 dB.

Enxertia de mesa de Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. sobre Passiflora alata Curtis, em ambiente de nebulização intermitente

O maracujazeiro é uma cultura típica de países tropicais, sendo estes responsáveis por cerca de 90% da produção mundial. A propagação vegetativa do maracujazeiro permite a obtenção de pomares uniformes, bem como de porta-enxertos altamente produtivos ou resistentes a doenças. O experimento teve como objetivo verificar a viabilidade da enxertia de mesa do maracujazeiro-amarelo (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) sobre o maracujazeiro-doce (Passiflora alata Curtis), conduzido em telado com 50% de sombreamento, dotado de sistema de nebulização intermitente. Foi conduzido de agosto de 2001 a maio de 2002, na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa da UNESP - Câmpus de Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria - MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, totalizando quatro tratamentos (T1 - enxertia tipo fenda cheia, com o garfo do ponteiro dos ramos; T2 - enxertia tipo inglês simples, com o garfo do ponteiro dos ramos; T3 - enxertia tipo fenda cheia, com o garfo da parte mediana dos ramos; T4 - enxertia tipo inglês simples, com o garfo da parte mediana dos ramos), cinco repetições e 25 estacas enxertadas por parcela. Foram avaliados: a) porcentagem de sobrevivência das estacas enxertadas; b) porcentagem de estacas enxertadas enraizadas; c) número de brotos emitidos por estaca enxertada; d) número de folhas emitidas por estaca enxertada; e) massa da matéria seca da raiz, caule, folha e planta. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que: a técnica de enxertia de mesa, quando aplicada ao maracujazeiro, mostrou-se viável, com excelente porcentagem de sobrevivência e enraizamento.

Propagação do pinhão manso por estaquia, enxertia e sementes

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Estudo da compatibilidade de atemoia ((Annona cherimola Mill. X Annona squamosa L. CV. 'THOMOSON') enxertada em araticum-de-terra-fria [Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer variedade terra-fria] e biribá [[Annona mucosa (Bai.) H. Rainer]

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

“Agrolistic” transformation of plant cells: Integration of T-strands generated in planta

We describe a novel plant transformation technique, termed “agrolistic,” that combines the advantages of the Agrobacterium transformation system with the high efficiency of biolistic DNA delivery. Agrolistic transformation allows integration of the gene of interest without undesired vector sequence. The virulence genes virD1 and virD2 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens that are required in bacteria for excision of T-strands from the tumor-inducing plasmid were placed under the control of the CaMV35S promoter and codelivered with a target plasmid containing border sequences flanking the gene of interest. Transient expression assays in tobacco and in maize cells indicated that vir gene products caused strand-specific nicking in planta at the right border sequence, similar to VirD1/VirD2-catalyzed T-strand excision observed in Agrobacterium. Agrolistically transformed tobacco calli were obtained after codelivery of virD1 and virD2 genes together with a selectable marker flanked by border sequences. Some inserts exhibited right junctions with plant DNA that corresponded precisely to the sequence expected for T-DNA (portion of the tumor-inducing plasmid that is transferred to plant cells) insertion events. We designate these as “agrolistic” inserts, as distinguished from “biolistic” inserts. Both types of inserts were found in some transformed lines. The frequency of agrolistic inserts was 20% that of biolistic inserts.

An annotated bibliography of seagrasses with emphasis on planting and propagation techniques /

Includes index.

The effects of abiotic and biotic factors on somatic embryogenesis and seedlings of Pinus sylvestris (L.)

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an asexual form of plant propagation that occurs in nature and mimics many of the events of sexual reproduction. Pinus sylvestris (L.) is an important source of timber in Northern Eurasia but it is recalcitrant to somatic embryogenesis. Several factors important for the success of the P. sylvestris embryogenic cultures have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of parental genotypes on the SE in P. sylvestris, the involvement of the gaseous plant growth regulator, ethylene in SE, and also biotic effects on somatic embryos as well as on seedlings. We tested parental effects on immature embryo initiation for different media, storage periods, and on the maturation process. Maternal effects were found to be crucial for SE in the absence of paternal effects. No maternal-paternal interaction was observed at any stage of somatic embryo production. Additionally the role of ethylene at different developmental stages of SE was investigated. Two ACC synthase genes, PsACS1 and PsACS2, were isolated and characterized. PsACS1 was expressed during the proliferation stage in all tested genotypes, whereas PsACS2 was only expressed in somatic embryos of each genotype. Ethylene production in embryos at stage 3 was significantly higher than the other stages. In a parallel study, the response of somatic embryos to fungal elicitors was investigated. Three fungi, a mutualistic ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus (Suillus bovinus), a weak Scots pine pathogen (Heterobasidion parviporum) and a strong pathogen (H. annosum) were used. The gene expression patterns for embryos exposed to the H. parviporum elicitor were found to be similar to that documented for S. bovinus among the tested genes. By contrast somatic embryos exposed to the H. annosum elicitor had a different pattern of regulation which was marked by a delayed response, and in some cases death of the embryos. Furthermore, interaction without direct contact between P. sylvestris seedlings and microbes (mutualistic and pathogenic fungus, cyanobacterium) were investigated. Several novel genes expressed in seedlings treated with ECM fungus were isolated which suggested that physical contact is not necessary for elicitation of host responses. The results suggest that somatic embryos and seedlings of P. sylvestris are genetically well equipped to respond to fungal elicitor/exudates and could serve as a suitable model for reproducible molecular studies in conifer tree patho- and symbiotic systems.

Ultrasonic Lamb wave based monitoring of corrosion type of damage in plate using a circular array of piezoelectric transducers

In this paper we propose a concept and report experimental results based on a circular array of Piezoelectric Wafer Active Sensors (PWASs) for rapid localization and parametric identification of corrosion type damage in metallic plates. Implementation of this circular array of PWASs combines the use of ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation technique and an algorithm based on symmetry breaking in the signal pattern to locate and monitor the growth of a corrosion pit on a metallic plate. Wavelet time-frequency maps of the sensor signals are employed to obtain an insight regarding the effect of corrosion growth on the Lamb wave transmission in time-frequency scale. We present here a method to eliminate the time scale, which helps in identifying easily the signature of damage in the measured signals. The proposed method becomes useful in determining the approximate location of the damage with respect to the location of three neighboring sensors in the circular array. A cumulative damage index is computed from the wavelet coefficients for varying damage sizes and the results appear promising. Damage index is plotted against the damage parameters for frequency sweep of the excitation signal (a windowed sine signal). Results of corrosion damage are compared with circular holes of various sizes to demonstrate the applicability of present method to different types of damage. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Desenvolvimento e produção de metabólitos de arruda (Ruta graveolens L.) exposta a substratos contaminados por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo

A indução da síntese de moléculas biologicamente ativas é conhecida como uma estratégia de defesa do organismo vegetal às condições adversas, onde plantas medicinais e/ou aromáticas são foco de pesquisa na terapêutica médica, na indústria farmacêutica, de cosméticos e de alimentos. A possibilidade de que os hidrocarbonetos de petróleo presentes no solo possam agir como agentes elicitores do metabolismo vegetal tem despertado interesse científico. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento in vivo e in vitro de Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae), considerando as respostas morfológicas e metabólicas na presença de petróleo e derivados. Além disso, verificar o potencial de desenvolvimento dessa espécie em áreas contaminadas, com base na hipótese de que tais substâncias podem influenciar na produção de substâncias de interesse, sem que haja redução significativa da biomassa vegetal. Foram realizados experimentos de (i) germinação in vivo em solo contaminado e parcialmente biorremediado, assim como solo com contaminação recente com óleo cru (0,8 % e 2,8 %) e diesel comercial S50 (0 % a 6,0 %), sendo que neste último foi avaliado o desenvolvimento e a produção de biomassa das plântulas; (ii) germinação in vitro em meio MS contaminado com fenantreno (1,0; 5,0 e 10,0 mg/L de meio) ou benzo[a]pireno (0,001; 0,010 e 0,100 mg/L de meio), sendo avaliado o desenvolvimento e a produção de biomassa; e (iii) resposta fisiológica de plantas oriundas do estoque in vitro à exposição de fenantreno ou benzo[a]pireno. R. graveolens teve redução significativa da germinação em solos contaminados, principalmente os solos parcialmente biorremediados pelo do processo de bioestímulo; não teve redução significativa da germinação in vivo nos solos contaminados com óleo cru, biorremediado e contaminado com diesel, porém o desenvolvimento pósgerminação foi afetado. Na exposição in vitro aos hidrocarbonetos, não houve alteração significativa na germinação nem na capacidade de desenvolvimento e produção de biomassa nas concentrações testadas de até 10 mg/L de fenantreno e até 0,1 mg/L de benzo[a]pireno. Em relação à propagação in vitro, foi possível a multiplicação de plantas em meio de cultura sem suplementação hormonal, na presença dos contaminantes. A presença de fenantreno e benzo[a]pireno in vitro não promoveu mudanças significativas nos níveis de compostos fenólicos e flavonoides totais produzidos, não havendo também alteração no perfil fitoquímico da espécie, quanto à presença de rutina. Pelo exposto, conclui-se que a espécie tem potencial para uso em biomonitoramento de solos contaminados , considerando a sua capacidade de produzir metabólitos e tolerar a presença dos hidrocarbonetos selecionados, sendo indicada ao cultivo em áreas contaminadas nos níveis investigados

Effect of disorder on self-collimated beam in photonic crystal

We report a numerical analysis of various types of disorder effects on self-collimated beam in two-dimensional photonic crystal. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to simulate the process by using a pulse propagation technique. The position disorders along the directions parallel and perpendicular to the incidence are considered. We show that random disorder along the perpendicular direction will have a lesser effect on the performance of the dispersion waveguides than those along the parallel direction. Furthermore, the self-collimation waveguide (SCW) has new characteristics when compared with the photonic crystal line defect waveguide. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Screening of salt tolerant watercress variants on natural seawater contained medium

The responses of stem segments of watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) to 6-BA,NAA and 2,4-D were studied. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L 6-BA, 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D was used for callus initiation and maintenance. MS medium supplemented with 4.0 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for plant regeneration and MS medium without plant hormone supplement was used for rooting and plant propagation. For screening of salt tolerant calli, stem segments of watercress were plated onto callus initiation medium containing 1/3 natural seawater. Seventeen out of the 325 plated explants produced calli. The growth curves demonstrated that the growth rate of salt-tolerant calli on saline medium almost matched that of the control calli on normal medium. Some of the salt-tolerant calli were transferred to the normal regeneration medium or saline regeneration medium to induce plant regeneration. In the first case, buds and shoots were regenerated in the same way as those of control calli on normal regeneration medium. More than 1 000 regenerated shoots were obtained of which 83 regenerated shoots were cut and transferred to saline MS base medium. At first, all shoot growth was inhibited, but 40 days after the transfer, rapid-growing axillary shoots were observed on 16 of the original shoots but none on the control shoots on saline MS base medium. Moreover, green spots appeared on most calli 10 days after they were transferred to saline medium, however buds appeared only on 5 calli from the 30 transferred calli and at the end only 2 rapid-growing shoots were obtained from two calli. In total, 18 variant lines were obtained through. propagation of the salt-tolerant shoots on saline MS base medium. RAPD analysis was performed in 10 of the 18 salt-tolerant variant lines and DNA variation was detected in all the tested variant lines.