Telescola um método de ensino

Mestrado em Educação Matemática na Educação Pré – Escolar e nos 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

Participatory mapping in the design process of a spatial data infrastructure SDI: a case study in the Biosphere Reserve Rio Platano (Honduras)

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Los pictogramas en la historia de los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio’64 a Barcelona’92

Documento publicado en 1992 por el CEO-UAB como parte de la colección &i&Working Papers&/i& que incluye la historia de los pictogramas de los distintos Juegos Olímpicos, de Invierno y de Verano, desde Tokio '64, cuando se inicia su diseño sistemático, hasta Barcelona '92, cuando los recursos gráficos se integran en un proceso único de información y de representación de la identidad olímpica y de la cultura de la ciudad sede.

Interfície de comunicació i aprenentatge per a usuaris amb trastorn autista

Disseny de una interfície perquè un usuari puga desenvolupar un sistema molt efectiu en la comunicació augmentativa, que és el sistema de comunicació per intercanvi d'imatges per a persones amb trastorns generalitzats del desenvolupament.

Produtos químicos perigosos utilizados em laboratórios de ensino: proposta e exemplos para indicação de seus perigos no rótulo

Typically hundreds of different chemical products stored in small flasks which cannot accommodate labels large enough to bear all information required by the Globally Harmonised System of Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Chemicals (GHS) are used in academic laboratories. To overcome this restriction Brazilian legislation permits communication of the dangers of chemical products to trained laboratory workers/students by alternative means. Here we describe an alternative label system, developed by the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV), which allows hazard communication to trained workers/students via a labelling system, using pictograms and highly condensed hazard statements to alert about dangerous chemical products.

Rôle des circuits cortico-striataux dans la planification et l'exécution de règles lexicales

Des recherches, autant chez l’homme que chez l’animal, proposent qu’il existerait, au sein des réseaux cérébraux, une organisation anatomique parallèle de circuits qui coordonne l’activité des structures qui participent à la planification et à l’exécution d’une action. Dans cette foulée, un modèle émerge qui attribue au cortex préfrontal (CPF) latéral une spécificité anatomo-fonctionnelle basée sur les niveaux de traitement en mémoire de travail (MT). Il s’agit du modèle « niveaux de traitement-dépendant », qui accorde un rôle important au CPF latéral dans l’acquisition et la représentation de règles guidant nos comportements. Des études en neuroimagerie fonctionnelle, utilisant le Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) ont permis de corroborer ce modèle et de dissocier trois niveaux de traitement en MT non seulement au sein du CPF latéral mais encore aux structures sous- corticales, les ganglions de la base (GB). Ces études suggèrent que certains noyaux des GB seraient topographiquement organisés avec le CPF latéral et contriburaient, sous certaines conditions, à des processus cognitifs et moteurs semblables à leur homologue cortical. Le but de notre étude est d'explorer la généralisation de la contribution des GB et du CPF au modèle niveaux de traitement-dépendant afin de voir si ce dernier est indépendant de la nature des stimuli en mémoire de travail. À cet effet, nous avons modifié le WCST en l’appliquant à un autre domaine, celui du langage. Nous avons remplacé les pictogrammes par des mots et modifié les règles formes, couleurs, nombres, par des règles sémantiques et phonologiques. L’analyse des résultats a démontré que différentes parties des GB de concert avec différentes régions du CPF se différencient quant aux niveaux de traitement en MT et ce, indépendamment de la nature des stimuli. Une deuxième analyse a permis d’évaluer les patrons d’activations liés aux conditions sémantiques et phonologiques. Ces résultats ont mis en évidence que les réseaux préfrontaux semblent liés aux processus exécutifs nécessaires à la réalisation de la tâche, indépendamment de la condition tandis que les aires associatives se dissocient davantage et contiennent des réseaux propres à la sémantique et à la phonologie.

Utilité de pictogrammes pour améliorer la santé bucco-dentaire et le comportement des enfants autistes

Introduction : Les soins dentaires des enfants autistes représentent un défi pour les parents et les dentistes. Des efforts doivent être faits afin d’améliorer les mesures préventives et l’éducation des parents. Recension des écrits : L’autisme se définit comme un désordre qualitatif de l’interaction sociale et de la communication, par des comportements ou activités répétitifs et stéréotypés et par de l’hypersensibilité aux stimuli corporels. Le manque de coopération pour le brossage des dents constitue un obstacle au maintien d’une bonne hygiène bucco-dentaire chez l’enfant autiste. Problématique : L’enfant autiste représente un défi pour le dentiste, mais aussi pour ses parents lors des mesures quotidiennes d’hygiène. Peu d’études cliniques se sont penchées sur l’utilité des pictogrammes dans la dispensation des soins dentaires quotidiens et professionnels de cette clientèle. Hypothèse de recherche : L’utilisation de pictogrammes améliore la coopération des enfants autistes pour les soins dentaires quotidiens et chez le dentiste, leur procurant une meilleure hygiène bucco-dentaire. Matériels et méthodes : Selon un devis d’étude expérimentale randomisée, 17 participants expérimentaux (avec pictogrammes) et 18 participants contrôles ont été recrutés au CHU Sainte-Justine, puis évalués à 6 reprises sur 12 mois. L’hygiène fut notée par l’indice de plaque et le comportement par l’échelle de Frankl. Résultats : Aucune différence significative n’a été notée entre le groupe expérimental et contrôle pour l’indice de plaque et l’échelle de Frankl. Globalement, une baisse de l’indice de plaque et une amélioration du comportement ont été notées pour les deux groupes et ce, pendant la période d’étude de 12 mois. Conclusion : Les résultats de la présente étude ne permettent pas d’affirmer que les pictogrammes contribuent à améliorer l’hygiène bucco-dentaire et le comportement des enfants autistes lors des soins dentaires quotidiens et professionnels.

Isotype: representing social facts pictorially

In developing Isotype, Otto Neurath and his colleagues were the first to systematically explore a consistent visual language as part of an encyclopedic approach to representing all aspects of the physical world. The pictograms used in Isotype have a secure legacy in today's public information symbols, but Isotype was more than this: it was designed to communicate social facts memorably to less educated groups, including schoolchildren and workers, reflecting its initial testing ground in the socialist municipality of Vienna during the 1920s. The social engagement and methodology of Isotype are examined here in order to draw some lessons for information design today.

The linguistic status of Isotype

It is ironic that Otto Neurath, one of those responsible for the ‘linguistic turn’ in philosophy of the twentieth century, should have been concerned during the last twenty years of his life with developing a ‘pictorial language’. By using simplified pictograms as components, the Wiener Methode der Bildstatistik (later called Isotype) bypassed verbal language to a great extent, creating the potential for universal understanding of biological, social and economic correlations. However, despite its consistency and rigour, Isotype was not a complete language, and Neurath knew that it never could be. This paper will examine the linguistic characteristics of Isotype and describe the deliberate resistance on the part of its creators to develop a full theory behind it.

Interações comunicativas entre uma professora e um aluno com transtorno invasivo do desenvolvimento na escola regular

Inclusion of students with autism in regular education settings is a topic that has not been much explored by the national scientific literature. This matter is complex and, due to the extent of various aspects involved, it is essential to delimitate a focus of investigation. The direction taken by this study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention program in the communicative interactions between a student with autism and his teacher in a regular classroom. Data were collected in an elementary private school, located in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte during the 2010 academic school year. The study included a teacher and a non-vocal, 10-year-old student diagnosed with autism. A quasi-experimental A-B research design was employed. During the intervention program the teacher was trained to use Naturalistic Teaching Strategies and Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC) resources to increase the frequency of interactions with the student during three classroom routines (entry time, snack and pedagogical activity). The results indicated qualitative and quantitative changes in the interactions of the dyad after the implementation of the intervention program. The student began to use pictograms to communicate with the teacher in two of the three routines investigated. The frequency of AAC use was also observed in the teacher‟s repertoire, especially when the student failed to understand gestures and words. The teacher positively evaluated the intervention program

Caracterização dos enunciados de um aluno não-falante usuário de recurso suplementar de comunicação durante a construção de histórias

A narrativa pode conectar elementos diversos e, assim, promover a construção de sentenças verticais e horizontais, frente à mediação de interlocutor. Esta pesquisa visou analisar a extensão e a organização sintática dos enunciados de narrativas construídas por um aluno não-falante usuário de recurso suplementar de comunicação. Previamente à construção das narrativas, selecionadas de acordo com os centros de interesse, idade, grau de escolaridade e temáticas trabalhadas na escola do aluno, símbolos gráficos do Picture Communication Symbols eram confeccionados e adaptados para que, por meio destes e dos recursos verbais e não-verbais inerentes à atividade discursiva, a história pudesse ser contada, por acesso visual e auditivo, pelo interlocutor e recontada pelo aluno, após a estruturação e organização dos múltiplos signos em sentenças. Todas as interações foram filmadas e complementadas com anotações de um diário de registro contínuo. Após a análise das transcrições das fitas e das anotações do diário, foi possível determinar três estágios de unidades significativas: 1) Caracterização ou natureza dos elementos constituintes dos enunciados das narrativas em: a) objeto; b) símbolo gráfico; c) escrita; d) vocalização; e) gesto representativo; 2) Extensão dos enunciados das narrativas de 1 a 6 elementos, linearmente, e 7 ou mais elementos; 3) Organização sintática dos elementos constituintes das narrativas em sujeito, verbo e objeto isolados, em sentenças verticais, e associados, em sentenças horizontais. Ressaltou-se, assim, a ampliação e aprimoramento da organização e da estrutura sintática dos enunciados das narrativas construídas pelo aluno mediado pelo interlocutor.

Análise de rótulos e bulas de agrotóxicos segundo dados exigidos pela legislação federal de agrotóxicos e afins e de acordo com parâmetros de legibilidade tipográfica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Identificação dos pictogramas de prevenção na manipulação das drogas utilizadas em laboratórios do Câmpus da UNESP de Jaboticabal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Otium et negotium. Reading processes and their cultural backgrounds in early Italian and German humanism

Reading and reading habits have radically changed in the digital age. Readers are no longer physically bound to textual objects and libraries, they deal with texts by copying, altering, and annotating them, and they mix established textual forms with other semiotic systems such as pictograms, icons and images. These circumstances also provoke a renewed research interest in the history of reading. In this talk, I will concentrate on reading processes as to how they were enacted and practised in early Italian and German humanism. I will start with some paradigmatic scenes described in Petrarch’s letters (among others the famous visit of the Mont Ventoux, where Petrarch, after having enjoyed a spectacular panorama, withdraws into the contemplative reading of St-Augustine). The transmission of Petrarch’s writings in humanist circles of Southern Germany (e.g. with the Schedel and Gossembrot families in Nurnberg, Augsburg and Strasburg) will then lead to specific reading practices documented in manuscripts that once belonged to coherent libraries and are nowadays spread all over Europe. In the case of the former tradesman and mayor Sigismund Gossembrot, complex habits of textual annotating and cross-referencing can be observed. The dichotomy of the Latin terms otium (‘rest’ and ‘leisure’) and negotium (‘activity’, but also ‘practice’, ‘negotiation’, ‘circulation of social energy’ in the sense of New Historicism) will be used as an ideal-type outline to describe the occurring processes of reading.

Otium et negotium. Reading processes and their cultural backgrounds in early Italian and German humanism

Reading and reading habits have radically changed in the digital age. Readers are no longer physically bound to textual objects and libraries, they deal with texts by copying, altering, and annotating them, and they mix established textual forms with other semiotic systems such as pictograms, icons and images. These circumstances also provoke a renewed research interest in the history of reading. In this talk, I will concentrate on reading processes as to how they were enacted and practised in early Italian and German humanism. I will start with some paradigmatic scenes described in Petrarch’s letters (among others the famous visit of the Mont Ventoux, where Petrarch, after having enjoyed a spectacular panorama, withdraws into the contemplative reading of St-Augustine). The transmission of Petrarch’s writings in humanist circles of Southern Germany (e.g. with the Schedel and Gossembrot families in Nurnberg, Augsburg and Strasburg) will then lead to specific reading practices documented in manuscripts that once belonged to coherent libraries and are nowadays spread all over Europe. In the case of the former tradesman and mayor Sigismund Gossembrot, complex habits of textual annotating and cross-referencing can be observed. The dichotomy of the Latin terms otium (‘rest’ and ‘leisure’) and negotium (‘activity’, but also ‘practice’, ‘negotiation’, ‘circulation of social energy’ in the sense of New Historicism) will be used as an ideal-type outline to describe the occurring processes of reading.