Dieta e uso de hábitat por Physalaemus ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) na Amazônia Oriental

Um dos principais atributos do nicho ecológico das espécies é a ecologia trófica, que afeta a sobrevivência e tamanho das populações. Neste estudo registramos a contribuição das presas na dieta de Physalaemus ephippifer, testamos se havia variação na alimentação desta espécie de acordo com os sexos e os períodos do ano (seco e chuvoso) em três populações de P. ephippifer na Amazônia Oriental. Para isso, analisamos a dieta da espécie quanto a frequência de ocorrência das presas, amplitude e sobreposição trófica, além do índice de importância alimentar. Analisamos 102 espécimes (69 machos e 33 fêmeas), registrando que os itens mais importantes da dieta de P. ephippifer, no geral, eram cupins e formigas. Entretanto, analisando separadamente os sexos e períodos do ano os itens mais importantes na dieta das fêmeas do chuvoso foram larvas de Coleoptera, fêmeas do seco foram cupins e machos nos dois períodos foram formigas. Por se tratar de uma espécie especialista, o presente estudo evidenciou que a dieta não variou de acordo com o sexo ou períodos do ano. Por outro lado, fêmeas, principalmente do período chuvoso apresentaram larvas e cupins como presas mais importantes, sendo também mais nutritivas que a dieta dos machos, coincidindo com o período reprodutivo da espécie, onde as fêmeas necessitariam de maior quantidade de energia para produção de gametas.

Feeding ecology of Liophis reginae semilineatus (Serpentes: Colubridae: Xenodontinae) in eastern Amazon, Brazil

We studied the diet of Liophis reginae semilineatus (Wagler, 1824) from eastern Amazon, Brazil, based on the analysis of 182 preserved specimens. Thirty-six individuals had prey in their stomachs; 34 (95%) contained exclusively anurans and 2 (5%) contained both anurans and lizards. The most common prey items were small Leptodactylus sp. (33.3%), followed by Physalaemus ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864) (10.3%). Prey ingested head-first (78%; n = 25) were significantly larger than prey ingested tail-first (22%; n = 7). Females of L. reginae semilineatus have longer and wider heads than conspecific males with the same body length, which correspond to sexual divergences in the diet (size of the prey). No correlation was found between snake head length vs. prey size (SVL, width and mass). Liophis reginae semilineatus is an anurophagous snake that probably forages actively on the ground.

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites for the natural populations of barker frog Physalaemus cuvieri

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Bioacústica e filogenia de três grupos de Physalaemus Fitzinger (1826)(Anura, Leptodactylidae)

Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal - IBILCE

The inguinal macroglands of the frog Physalaemus nattereri (Leptodactylidae): structure, toxic secretion and relationship with deimatic behaviour

Amphibian skin is characterized by the presence of mucous glands, related to cutaneous breathing, reproduction and water balance, and granular glands, related to the production of toxins used in defence. In some species the granular glands can form accumulations in certain regions of the body. This is the case for inguinal macroglands of the leptodactylid frog Physalaemus nattereri, where these structures form a pair of black discs associated with deimatic behaviour. The morphology of the inguinal macroglands and their secretion were studied in this species and correlated to deimatic behaviour. The inguinal macroglands are formed from elongated granular glands that, in contrast with the granular glands of the rest of the skin, have small spherical granules with a proteinic content. In the dermis of the whole body, except for the inguinal macroglands and the inguinal region, a well-developed calcified dermal layer is observed. During deimatic behaviour these macroglands discourage a potential predator from attacking, but if visual cues are insufficient and the predator persists in the attack, atoxic secretion is eliminated in its mouth. This elimination is favoured by the absence of a calcified dermal layer in the macroglands, which makes the dermal region softer than the rest of the dorsal skin.

Nucleolus organizer regions in Physalaemus cuvieri (Anura, Leptodactylidae), with evidence of a unique case of Ag-NOR variability

We studied ten specimens of Physalaemus cuvieri collected at different localities in Brazil using conventional staining and banding techniques. All specimens had 2n = 22. There were karyotypic variants: distinct patterns in the number and chromosome localization of Ag-NORs as well as in the corresponding secondary constrictions. Preliminary C-banding patterns obtained for specimens From two localities are also suggestive of karyotypic differentiation in P. cuvieri.

Redescription of Physalaemus barrioi (Anura: Leiuperidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reproductive biology of an endemic Physalaemus of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, and the trade-off between clutch and egg size in terrestrial breeders of the P. signifer group

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pigmentação testicular em Physalaemus nattereri (Steindachner) (Amphibia, Anura) com observações anatômicas sobre o sistema pigmentar extracutâneo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A new species of Physalaemus (Amphibia; Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil

A new species of leptodactylid frog, Physalaemus atlanticus, is described from Ubatuba, northern coast of São Paulo in southeastern Brazil. The new species belongs to the Physalaemus signifer species group and is characterized by the following set of characters: small size (males 20.1-22.1 mm SVL, females 21.0-23.9 mm SVL); canthus rostralis distinct; dorsal skin texture smooth to slightly rugose; belly orange in life; advertisement call with duration of 0.6-0.84 s and frequency between 0.9-1.8 kHz. Descriptions of the advertisement call and tadpole are provided, as well as information on natural history.

Chromosomal analysis of the leptodactylids Pleurodema diplolistris and Physalaemus nattereri (Amphibia, Anura)

Detailed characterizations of the karyotypes of the Brazilian leptodactylid frogs Pleurodema diplolistris, the only species of Pleurodema not studied cytogenetically so far, and Physalaemus nattereri, a species in the Ph. biligonigerus group, are presented. Both karyotypes had 2n = 22 and their chromosomes had a very similar morphology, except for pair 11, which was metacentric in Pl. diplolistris and telocentric in Ph. nattereri. The localization of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) and heterochromatic bands allowed the differentiation of chromosomes that were morphologically indistinguishable between these species, such as pairs 1, 3 and 10, which showed interstitial C-bands in Ph. nattereri, and pair 8, that had an NOR and an adjacent C-band in Pl. diplolistris. Pair 8 also has NOR-bearing chromosomes in many other Pleurodema species. However, in these species, the NOR is located proximal to the centromere on the short arm, while in Pl. diplolistris it occurred distally on the long arm, a condition that may be considered a derived state. In Ph. nattereri, the NOR occurred on chromosome I 1 and differed from the other species of the Ph. biligonigerus group. In contrast, C-banding revealed a heterochromatic block near the centromere on the short arm of pair 3, a characteristic common to all members of this group of Physalaemus.

THE TADPOLE of PHYSALAEMUS MOREIRAE (ANURA: LEIUPERIDAE)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The tadpole of Physalaemus jordanensis Bokermann, 1967 (Anura, Leiuperidae) from Campos do Jordao, Serra da Mantiqueira, Southeastern Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)