Nonlinear copropagation of two optical pulses of different frequencies in photonic crystal fibers

A theoretical investigation of the nonlinear copropagation of two optical pulses of different frequencies in a photonic crystal fiber is presented. Different phenomena are observed depending on whether the wavelength of the signal pulse is located in the normal or the anomalous dispersion region. In particular, it is found that the phenomenon of pulse trapping occurs when the signal wavelength is located in the normal dispersion region while the pump wavelength is located in the anomalous dispersion region. The signal pulse suffers cross-phase modulation by the Raman shifted soliton pulse and it is trapped and copropagates with the Raman soliton pulse along the fiber. As the input peak power of the pump pulse is increased, the red-shift of the Raman soliton is considerably enhanced with the simultaneous further blue-shift of the trapped pulse to satisfy the condition of group velocity matching.

A new method of modeling cladding band structure of air-guiding photonic crystal fibers

Cladding band structure of air-guiding photonic crystal fibers with high air-filling fraction is calculated in terms of fiber shape variation. The fundamental photonic band gap dependence on structure parameters, air-filling fraction and spacing, is also investigated. The numerical results show that the band gap edges shift toward longer wavelength as the air-filling fraction is increased, whereas the relative band gap width increases linearly. For a fixed air-filling fraction, the band gap edges with respect to spacing keep constant. With this method, the simulation results agree well with the reported data. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Band structure of photonic crystal fibers with silica rings in triangular lattice

The characteristics of the cladding band structure of air-core photonic crystal fibers with silica rings in triangular lattice are investigated by using a standard plane wave method. The numerical results show that light can be localized in the air core by the photonic band gaps of the fiber. By increasing the air-filling fraction, the band gap edges of the low frequency photonic band gaps shift to shorter wavelength.. whereas the band gap width decreases linearly. In order to make a specified light fall in the low frequency band gaps of the fiber, the interplay of the silica ring spacing and the air-filling fraction is also analyzed. It shows that the silica ring spacing increases monotonously when the air-filling fraction is increased, and the spacing range increases exponentially. This type fiber might have potential in infrared light transmission. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fibers with special characteristics

Based on the modified dual core structure, three kinds of special photonic crystal fibers are presented, which are extremely large negative dispersion, super-broad bond, and large area made field dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fibers (DCPCF). For extremely large negative dispersion DCPCF, the peak of negative dispersion reaches -5.9 x 10(4) ps/(mn km). Super-broad bond DCPCF has broadband large negative dispersion and the dispersion value varies linearly from -380 ps/(nm km) to -420 ps/(nm km) in the C band. The designed large area made field DCPCF has a peak dispersion of -1203 ps/(nm km) with the inner core mode area of 47 mu m(2) and outer core mode area of 835 mu m(2). Furthermore, for the large area mode field DCPCF, the experimental result is also obtained. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Determination of dispersion and nonlinear coefficients of photonic crystal fibers by degenerated FWM method

使用四波混频测试光子晶体光纤的色散和非线性参数

High birefringent rhombic-hole photonic crystal fibers

High birefringence induced by rhombic air-hole photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is numerically analyzed by using the finite-element method. The birefringence of a few kinds of PCFs was investigated with different parameters related to rhombic holes, including the rhombic-hole shape, size, and spacing. It was found that the birefringence of the proposed rhombic-hole PCF in this study is relatively larger than that of an elliptical-hole PCF with the same air-filling fraction (f = 0.0375) when the ratio of the rhombic-hole diagonal length is equal to the elliptical-hole ellipticity. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Supercontinuum Generation by Stimulated Raman Scattering and Parametric Four-Wave Mixing in Photonic Crystal Fibers

Supercontinuum generation is investigated experimentally and numerically in a highly nonlinear indexguiding photonic crystal optical fiber in a regime in which self-phase modulation of the pump wave makes a negligible contribution to spectral broadening. An ultrabroadband octave-spanning white-light continuum is generated with 60-ps pump pulses of subkilowatt peak power. The primary mechanism of spectral broadening is identified as the combined action of stimulated Raman scattering and parametric four-wave mixing. The observation of a strong anti-Stokes Raman component reveals the importance of the coupling between stimulated Raman scattering and parametric four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers and also indicates that non-phase-matched processes contribute to the continuum. Additionally, the pump input polarization affects the generated continuum through the influence of polarization modulational instability. The experimental results are in good agreement with detailed numerical simulations. These findings demonstrate the importance of index-guiding photonic crystal fibers for the design of picosecond and nanosecond supercontinuum light sources. © 2002 Optical Society of America.

Thermal tunability of photonic bandgaps in photonic crystal fibers selectively filled with nematic liquid crystal

We address the bandgap effect and the thermo-optical response of high-index liquid crystal (LC) infiltrated in photonic crystal fibers (PCF) and in hybrid photonic crystal fibers (HPCF). The PCF and HPCF consist of solid-core microstructured optical fibers with hexagonal lattice of air-holes or holes filled with LC. The HPCF is built from the PCF design by changing its cladding microstructure only in a horizontal central line by including large holes filled with high-index material. The HPCF supports propagating optical modes by two physical effects: the modified total internal reflection (mTIR) and the photonic bandgap (PBG). Nevertheless conventional PCF propagates light by the mTIR effect if holes are filled with low refractive index material or by the bandgap effect if the microstructure of holes is filled with high refractive-index material. The presence of a line of holes with high-index LC determines that low-loss optical propagation only occurs on the bandgap condition. The considered nematic liquid crystal E7 is an anisotropic uniaxial media with large thermo-optic coefficient; consequently temperature changes cause remarkable shifts in the transmission spectrums allowing thermal tunability of the bandgaps. Photonic bandgap guidance and thermally induced changes in the transmission spectrum were numerically investigated by using a computational program based on the beam propagation method. © 2010 SPIE.

Novel Sealing Technique for Practical Liquid-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers

In this letter, we describe a simple and effective technique to prevent evaporation in liquid-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The technique consists of using a micropipette to deploy a micro-droplet of an ultraviolet curable polymer adhesive in both core inputs. After it is cured, the adhesive creates sealing polymer plugs with quite satisfactory insertion loss (overall optical transmission of about 15%). Processed fibers remained liquid-filled for at least six weeks. From a practical point of view, we conducted a supercontinuum generation experiment in a water-core PCF to demonstrate a 120-minute spectral width stability and the ability to withstand at least 3-mW average power at the sealed fiber input. Similar experiments carried out with nonsealed fibers produced supercontinuum spectra lasting no longer than 10 minutes, with average powers kept below 0.5 mW to avoid thermally induced evaporation.

Polarization properties of polymer-based photonic crystal fibers

Selectively filled photonic crystal fibers with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a silicon-type material, have been studied. Is has been demonstrated that polarization properties of these hybrid devices and the properties of the guided light in relation with the temperature changes, finding that the state of polarization (SOP) change with the increasing temperature but remains constant for a wide spectrum of wavelengths for a determinate temperature.

Thermally tunable polarization by nanoparticle plasmonic resonance in photonic crystal fibers

A photonic crystal fiber selectively filled with silver nanoparticles dispersed in polydimethylsiloxane has been numerically studied via finite elements analysis. These nanoparticles possess a localized surface plasmon resonance in the visible region which depends on the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The refractive index of polydimethylsiloxane can be thermally tuned leading to the design of polarization tunable filters. Filters found with this setup show anisotropic attenuation of the x-polarization fundamental mode around ?x = 1200dB/cm remarkably higher than the y-polarization mode. Moreover, high fiber birefringence and birefringence reversal is observed in the spectral region of the plasmon.

Tapering photonic crystal fibers for generating self-similar ultrashort pulses at 1550 nm

K.S.N. wishes to thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [No. 03(1264)/12/EMR-11] Government of India for the financial support.

Photonic crystal fibers design for 2 μm wavelenght operation

New photonic crystal fiber designs are presented and numerically investigated in order to improve the state of art of high power fiber lasers. The focus of this work is targeted on the region of 2 μm laser emission, which is of high interest due to its eye-safe nature and due to the large amount of applications permitted. Thulium doped fiber amplifiers are suitable for emitting in this region. Different fiber designs have been proposed, both flexible and rod-type, with the aim to enlarge mode area while maintaining robust single mode operation. The analysis of thermal effects, caused by the high thulium quantum defect, have been taken in consideration. Solutions to counteract issues derived by detrimental thermal effects have been implemented.

Hybrid squeezing of solitonic resonant radiation in photonic crystal fibers

We report the existence of a kind of squeezing in photonic crystal fibers which is conceptually intermediate between four-wave-mixing-induced squeezing in which all the participant waves are monochromatic waves, and self-phase-modulation-induced squeezing for a single pulse in a coherent state. This hybrid squeezing occurs when an arbitrary short soliton emits quasimonochromatic resonant radiation near a zero-group-velocity-dispersion point of the fiber. Photons around the resonant frequency become strongly correlated due to the presence of the classical soliton, and a reduction of the quantum noise below the shot-noise level is predicted. © 2011 American Physical Society.