Avaliação dos efeitos citotóxicos, genotóxicos e mutagênicos do BTEX, antes e após o processo de biorremediação por microrganismos, utilizando os sistemas teste de Allium cepa e cultura de células de mamífero

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biologia Celular e Molecular) - IBRC

Biodegradação e avaliação fitotoxicológica do diesel e do biodiesel

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC

Pirólise de borras oleosas de petroleo utilizando nanomateriais

The oily sludge is a complex mix of hydrocarbons, organic impurities, inorganic and water. One of the major problems currently found in petroleum industry is management (packaging, storage, transport and fate) of waste. The nanomaterials (catalysts) mesoporous and microporous are considered promising for refining and adsorbents process for environment protection. The aim of this work was to study the oily sludge from primary processing (raw and treated) and vacuum residue, with application of thermal analyses technique (pyrolysis), thermal and catalytic pyrolysis with nanomaterials, aiming at production petroleum derived. The sludge and vacuum residue were analyzed using a soxhlet extraction system, elemental analysis, thin layer chromatography, thermogravimetry and pyrolysis coupled in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py GC MS). The catalysts AlMCM-41, AlSBA-15.1 e AlSBA-15.2 were synthesized with molar ratio silicon aluminum of 50 (Si/Al = 50), using tetraethylorthosilicante as source of silicon and pseudobuhemita (AlOOH) as source of aluminum. The analyzes of the catalysts indicate that materials showed hexagonal structure and surface area (783,6 m2/g for AlMCM-41, 600 m2/g for AlSBA-15.1, 377 m2/g for AlSBA-15.2). The extracted oily sludge showed a range 65 to 95% for organic components (oil), 5 to 35% for inorganic components (salts and oxides) and compositions different of derivatives. The AlSBA-15 catalysts showed better performance in analyzes for production petroleum derived, 20% increase in production of kerosene and light gas oil. The energy potential of sludge was high and it can be used as fuel in other cargo processed in refinery

Posibilidades de ahorro de derivados del petróleo en el transporte urbano del Istmo Centroamericano

Incluye Bibliografía

Alternativas de expansión de la oferta de derivados del petróleo en el Istmo Centroamericano: términos de referencia generales

Incluye Bibliografía

Estudo de métodos de tratamento de efluentes (troca iônica e eletroquímico) separados e sequenciais para eliminação de derivados de petróleo

The produce of waste and the amount of the water produced coming from activities of petroleum production and extraction has been a biggest challenge for oil companies with respect to environmental compliance due to toxicity. The discard or the reuse this effluent containing organic compounds as BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) can cause serious environmental and human health problems. Thus, the objective this paper was study the performance of two process (separately and sequential) in one synthetic effluent for the benzene, toluene and xylene removal (volatile hydrocarbons presents in the produced water) through of electrochemical treatment using Ti/Pt electrode and exchange resin ionic used in the adsorption process. The synthetic solution of BTX was prepared with concentration of 22,8 mg L-1, 9,7 mg L-1 e 9,0 mg L-1, respectively, in Na2SO4 0,1 mol L-1. The experiments was developed in batch with 0.3 L of solution at 25ºC. The electrochemical oxidation process was accomplished with a Ti/Pt electrode with different current density (J = 10, 20 e 30 mA.cm-2). In the adsorption process, we used an ionic exchange resin (Purolite MB 478), using different amounts of mass (2,5, 5 and 10 g). To verify the process of technics in the sequential treatment, was fixed the current density at 10 mA cm-2 and the resin weight was 2.5 g. Analysis of UV-VIS spectrophotometry, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and gas chromatography with selective photoionization detector (PID) and flame ionization (FID), confirmed the high efficiency in the removal of organic compounds after treatment. It was found that the electrochemical process (separate and sequential) is more efficient than absorption, reaching values of COD removal exceeding 70%, confirmed by the study of the cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves. While the adsorption (separately), the COD removal did not exceed 25,8%, due to interactions resin. However, the sequential process (electrochemical oxidation and adsorption) proved to be a suitable alternative, efficient and cost-effectiveness for the treatment of effluents petrochemical.

Pirólise de borras oleosas de petroleo utilizando nanomateriais

The oily sludge is a complex mix of hydrocarbons, organic impurities, inorganic and water. One of the major problems currently found in petroleum industry is management (packaging, storage, transport and fate) of waste. The nanomaterials (catalysts) mesoporous and microporous are considered promising for refining and adsorbents process for environment protection. The aim of this work was to study the oily sludge from primary processing (raw and treated) and vacuum residue, with application of thermal analyses technique (pyrolysis), thermal and catalytic pyrolysis with nanomaterials, aiming at production petroleum derived. The sludge and vacuum residue were analyzed using a soxhlet extraction system, elemental analysis, thin layer chromatography, thermogravimetry and pyrolysis coupled in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py GC MS). The catalysts AlMCM-41, AlSBA-15.1 e AlSBA-15.2 were synthesized with molar ratio silicon aluminum of 50 (Si/Al = 50), using tetraethylorthosilicante as source of silicon and pseudobuhemita (AlOOH) as source of aluminum. The analyzes of the catalysts indicate that materials showed hexagonal structure and surface area (783,6 m2/g for AlMCM-41, 600 m2/g for AlSBA-15.1, 377 m2/g for AlSBA-15.2). The extracted oily sludge showed a range 65 to 95% for organic components (oil), 5 to 35% for inorganic components (salts and oxides) and compositions different of derivatives. The AlSBA-15 catalysts showed better performance in analyzes for production petroleum derived, 20% increase in production of kerosene and light gas oil. The energy potential of sludge was high and it can be used as fuel in other cargo processed in refinery

Programa de mejora de la competitividad municipal, derivados de la planificación local en el municipio de Camoapa, departamento de Boaco

El presente estudio se realizó en el municipio de Camoapa, departamento de Boaco y tiene como fin generar insumos para mejorar la planificación actual a través del diseño de programas de mejora de la competitividad y de desarrollo empresarial. La información recolectada tiene como principal herramienta la información secundaria solicitada al gobierno local y a los principales autores del plan estratégico municipal. También se utilizó la entrevista y la encuesta para obtener información referente al grado de avance de la planificación municipal y la presencia de las diferentes instituciones en el municipio. Los aspectos evaluados fueron: rasgos distintivos del municipio, estado de la planificación local e Instituciones de incidencia en el municipio. Dentro de los rasgos distintivos del municipio, resaltan: falta de acceso a áreas productivas y el deterioro ambiental generalizado, presencia de una gran gama de instituciones dedicadas a facilitar el crédito pero no dirigido a resolver las problemáticas del sector agropecuario o posiblemente el seguimiento técnico ofrecido por estas instituciones no es el más oportuno, desempleo generalizado y la fuente principal de empleo (actividad agropecuaria) no satisface las necesidades salariales de los trabajadores, los recursos socio–culturales son los más descuidados a pesar de la gran diversidad de expresiones culturales existentes. En cuanto a la planificación local existente la limitante de apoyo parcial por parte del gobierno municipal aunque las autoridades destacan la importancia del plan estratégico; se identificaron 52 instituciones de incidencia. Derivados de la información precedente se pro pusieron los siguientes programas de competitividad: Programa de conservación de suelos y aguas, Programa de desarrollo de sistemas agrosilvopastoriles, Programa de desarrollo económico productivo, Programa de educación ambiental, agricultura de laderas y agroturismo, Programa de fomento a las expresiones culturales del municipio.

Estructura de la bolsa española e introducción del mercado de activos derivados sobre el IBEX-35

[ES] La controversia acerca de si la implantación y negociación de activos derivados afecta a la estabilidad de los respectivos mercados de contado perdura desde hace más de dos décadas. En este trabajo abordamos la problemática anterior desde una nueva perspectiva. Concretamente, analizamos el impacto que sobre la estructura del mercado bursátil ha podido tener la introducción de los mercados de activos derivados sobre el IBEX-35. Para ello, definimos e identificamos la estructura del mercado bursátil para el periodo de estudio, y, a continuación, analizamos el efecto que sobre la misma ha tenido la aparición de los nuevos mercados de derivados. Nuestros resultados son consistentes con los de otros autores, ya que si bien no se ha producido un cambio generalizado y substancial en la estructura del mercado bursátil, la introducción de los nuevos mercados sí parece que ha afectado a un número reducido de empresas incluidas en el IBEX-35.

Aldehídos en reacciones de Michael enantioselectivas catalizadas por derivados del prolinol

426 p. : graf.

Diário da Constituinte [gravação de vídeo] : [programa n. 537]

A Constituinte nacionaliza a exploração de minérios no país. De agora em diante, só empresas de capital nacional poderão explorar as riquezas do nosso subsolo. A proposta da nacionalização surgiu de uma fusão de emendas. A Constituinte aprovou a nacionalização com 343 votos a favor. As empresas estrangeiras que já atuam no país terão o prazo de 5 anos para arrumar um sócio brasileiro. A emenda que nacionalizava a distribuição dos derivados do petróleo foi derrubada no Plenário. Os contratos de risco na pesquisa do petróleo também foram derrubados, mas não impedem o prosseguimento dos contratos que estão em andamento.