Tie Strength and Family Formation : which Personal Relationships are Influential ?

Based on the analysis of qualitative interviews in western Germany, we argue that personal relationships have a strong impact on individuals' family formation processes and fertility intentions. We identify persons who influence individuals' fertility choices. Strong ties, such as those among core family members (i.e., parents and siblings), are an important contributing factor, but we are also able to show that weak ties, such as those among colleagues, and acquaintances need to be considered when examining social influence on family formation processes. Apart from single network partners, we have identified influential groups of persons. Such groups serve as a comparative standard regarding the timing of having one's first child and subsequent children.

Prevalencia de síndrome de burnout en personal de los servicios de urgencias en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud de baja complejidad de Neiva, 2014: estudio de corte transversal

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en personal de los servicios de urgencias en una institución prestadora de servicios de salud de baja complejidad de Neiva. Antecedentes: El Síndrome de Burnout es una respuesta inadecuada al estrés laboral crónico cuyas características principales son: altos niveles de agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y baja realización personal. La prevalencia a nivel mundial de este síndrome en personal de salud varía entre 2,2% y 69,2%. Método: estudio de corte transversal. A una muestra de 90 trabajadores (médicos, enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería) en una Empresa Social del Estado de baja complejidad de la ciudad de Neiva se le aplicó cuestionario auto administrado compuesto por dos instrumentos validados (Maslach Burnout Inventory y la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo del Instituto Nacional de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo). Resultados: La prevalencia de Síndrome de Burnout fue 3,3% (n=3) (niveles elevados en las tres características simultáneamente); 11,1% (n=10) de agotamiento emocional, 20% (n=18) despersonalización y 10% (n=9) baja realización personal. No se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las condiciones de empleo y trabajo con el Síndrome en mención. Conclusión: Laborar en servicios de urgencias confrontan al trabajador a exigencias para el cumplimiento de su tarea, así como también a relaciones sociales estresantes. Factores como el grado de autonomía y de control, el apoyo social en el trabajo, asociado a relaciones personales positivas y una alta funcionalidad familiar podrían mediar como protectores o moduladores del Síndrome de Burnout.

From Personal Network to Institution Building: The Lifanyuan and the Formalization of Manchu-Mongol Relations

The Qing emperors, who ruled over China from 1644-1911, managed to bring large parts of Inner Asia under their control and extended the territory of China to an unprecedented degree. This paper maintains that the political technique of patronage with its formalized language, its emphasis on gift exchange and expressions of courtesy is a useful concept for explaining the integration of Inner Asian confederations into the empire. By re-interpreting the obligations of gift exchange, the Qing transformed the network of personal relationships, which had to be reinforced and consolidated permanently into a system with clearly defined rules. In this process of formalization, the Lifanyuan, the Court for the Administration of the Outer Regions, played a key role. While in the early years of the dynasty, it was responsible for collecting and disseminating information concerning the various patronage relationships with Inner Asian leaders, over the course of the 17th and 18th centuries its efforts were directed at standardizing and streamlining the contacts between ethnic minorities and the state. Through the Lifanyuan, the rules and principles of patronage were maintained in a modified form even in the later part of the dynasty, when the Qing exercised control in the outer regions more directly. The paper provides an explanation for the longevity and cohesiveness of the multi-ethnic Qing empire. Based on recently published Manchu and Mongolian language archival material and the Maussian concept of gift exchange the study sheds new light on the changing self-conception of the Qing emperors.

Let’s Stay Home and Watch TV : The Benefits of Shared Media Use for Close Relationships

Peer reviewed

Structured Approaches for Exploring Interpersonal Relationships in Natural Language Text

Human relationships have long been studied by scientists from domains like sociology, psychology, literature, etc. for understanding people's desires, goals, actions and expected behaviors. In this dissertation we study inter-personal relationships as expressed in natural language text. Modeling inter-personal relationships from text finds application in general natural language understanding, as well as real-world domains such as social networks, discussion forums, intelligent virtual agents, etc. We propose that the study of relationships should incorporate not only linguistic cues in text, but also the contexts in which these cues appear. Our investigations, backed by empirical evaluation, support this thesis, and demonstrate that the task benefits from using structured models that incorporate both types of information. We present such structured models to address the task of modeling the nature of relationships between any two given characters from a narrative. To begin with, we assume that relationships are of two types: cooperative and non-cooperative. We first describe an approach to jointly infer relationships between all characters in the narrative, and demonstrate how the task of characterizing the relationship between two characters can benefit from including information about their relationships with other characters in the narrative. We next formulate the relationship-modeling problem as a sequence prediction task to acknowledge the evolving nature of human relationships, and demonstrate the need to model the history of a relationship in predicting its evolution. Thereafter, we present a data-driven method to automatically discover various types of relationships such as familial, romantic, hostile, etc. Like before, we address the task of modeling evolving relationships but don't restrict ourselves to two types of relationships. We also demonstrate the need to incorporate not only local historical but also global context while solving this problem. Lastly, we demonstrate a practical application of modeling inter-personal relationships in the domain of online educational discussion forums. Such forums offer opportunities for its users to interact and form deeper relationships. With this view, we address the task of identifying initiation of such deeper relationships between a student and the instructor. Specifically, we analyze contents of the forums to automatically suggest threads to the instructors that require their intervention. By highlighting scenarios that need direct instructor-student interactions, we alleviate the need for the instructor to manually peruse all threads of the forum and also assist students who have limited avenues for communicating with instructors. We do this by incorporating the discourse structure of the thread through latent variables that abstractly represent contents of individual posts and model the flow of information in the thread. Such latent structured models that incorporate the linguistic cues without losing their context can be helpful in other related natural language understanding tasks as well. We demonstrate this by using the model for a very different task: identifying if a stated desire has been fulfilled by the end of a story.

A autonomia na resolução de conflitos interpessoais em jardim de infância

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

O contacto no acolhimento familiar de crianças e jovens: Uma avaliação actual

No campo das múltiplas interações que ocorrem no acolhimento familiar, destaca-se a relação entre a criança acolhida e a família biológica, pelo impacto que tem no desenvolvimento da criança. Esta relação gera um conjunto de ligações que pode proporcionar ou dificultar à criança a possibilidade de partilhar valores, experiências e conselhos entre aqueles dois mundos. A manutenção das relações pessoais entre os pais e a criança acolhida é um direito de ambos, exceto se contrariar o interesse superior da criança, já que o corte abrupto das relações estabelecidas interfere na organização dos vínculos futuros. O presente artigo resulta da investigação em curso, no distrito do Porto, intitulado «Contacto no acolhimento familiar: padrões, resultados e modelos de gestão», no âmbito de atuação do InEd, o Centro de Investigação e Inovação em Educação da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico do Porto. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar os resultados do contacto entre a criança em acolhimento familiar e a sua família de origem, bem como as causas da sua inexistência ou cessação. Os resultados preliminares evidenciam que a maioria das crianças e jovens têm contacto com a sua família de origem, ocorrendo em quase 50% dos casos na casa da família de acolhimento, mas nem sempre com a regularidade desejada. Apesar do impacto do contacto na criança ou jovem ser muito diversificado, a maioria manifesta reações emocionais e comportamentais positivas. Por fim, apresentam se implicações para a prática dos técnicos envolvidos neste fenómeno.

Els horts urbans a la ciutat de Barcelona: les experiències d'horts urbans comunitaris com a formes d'intervenció social i ambiental

Aquest estudi presenta la situació actual dels horts urbans (i periurbans) a la ciutat de Barcelona, els quals s'han classificat segons el tipus d'organització desenvolupada a cada projecte. Així, podem trobar horts de gestió: a) individual i autogestionada; b) comunitària i autogestionada; c) individual i supervisada, i d) comunitària i supervisada. Els horts urbans es presenten, en general, com una eina interessant en la millora de la sostenibilitat urbana. A més de tenir una clara funció d'entreteniment, són propostes que consideren la internalització a les ciutats de la producció de part dels aliments que s'hi consumeixen i alhora aprofiten part dels residus que s'hi produeixen. En particular, els horts urbans comunitaris i autogestionats – el centre d'aquest estudi – es plantegen com espais de participació i autogestió d'acord a la complexitat del context local, d'integració social a través de noves formes de relació i de creació, d'educació ambiental i de transmissió i intercanvi de coneixements inter-generacional. A més, es presenten com una alternativa d'organització realment participativa del territori urbà. Finalment, i d'acord amb l'anterior, es destaquen un conjunt de característiques dels projectes d'horts urbans comunitaris, que juguen un rol fonamental en la capacitat d'aquests per intervenir en aspectes socials i ambientals de la ciutat; característiques que s'haurien de tenir en compte a l'hora de promocionar i implementar projectes d'horts urbans de qualsevol tipus.

Facing the challenge: The impact of the recession and unemployment on men's health in Ireland

The economic recession with its accompanying rise in unemployment rates is linked to extremely adverse effects for men’s mental health. This research report Facing the Challenge – The Impact of the Recession and Unemployment on Men’s Health in Ireland identifies a strong expectation of increased mental health problems for men given the very strong correlation between unemployment and male mental ill health. The report is the result of a research and consultation process carried out, in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland, by Nexus Research Co-operative on behalf of IPH. 93% of frontline organisations, North and South, in contact with unemployed men linked health challenges to unemployment and recession and all organisations surveyed noted adverse health challenges for men they work with. In addition to health challenges being higher for unemployed men, they were also very high for men who saw themselves as being threatened with unemployment. The organisations surveyed and the men who were interviewed identified the challenges to health as:•    High levels of stress or anxiety•    Dependency on or over-use of alcohol/other drugs•    Deterioration in physical health•    Development of conflict in family or close personal relationships•    Isolation (including sharing or communicating problems)•    A reluctance to approach services or seek help

Bonding and Bridging Social Capital in Step- and First-Time Families and the Issue of Family Boundaries

Divorce and remarriage usually imply a redefinition of family boundaries, with consequences for the production and availability of social capital. This research shows that bonding and bridging social capitals are differentially made available by families. It first hypothesizes that bridging social capital is more likely to be developed in stepfamilies, and bonding social capital in first-time families. Second, the boundaries of family configurations are expected to vary within stepfamilies and within first-time families creating a diversity of family configurations within both structures. Third, in both cases, social capital is expected to depend on the ways in which their family boundaries are set up by individuals by including or excluding ex-partners, new partner's children, siblings, and other family ties. The study is based on a sample of 300 female respondents who have at least one child of their own between 5 and 13 years, 150 from a stepfamily structure and 150 from a first-time family structure. Social capital is empirically operationalized as perceived emotional support in family networks. The results show that individuals in first-time families more often develop bonding social capital and individuals in stepfamilies bridging social capital. In both cases, however, individuals in family configurations based on close blood and conjugal ties more frequently develop bonding social capital, whereas individuals in family configurations based on in-law, stepfamily or friendship ties are more likely to develop bridging social capital.

Il pastore pentecostale : un filo conduttore tra il cielo e la terra

Cet article se propose de prendre pour objet deux assemblées pentecôtistes de l'Est de la France - l'Église Évangélique de Pentecôte de Besançon (Franche-Comté) et la Porte Ouverte Chrétienne de Mulhouse (Alsace) - qui ont fait l'objet d'investigations ethnographiques dans le cadre de notre thèse de doctorat. Après avoir situé ces deux assemblées dans la mouvance du pentecôtisme français, nous nous sommes concentré sur la figure du pasteur pentecôtiste. L'exemplarité de l'histoire de vie des pasteurs, le rôle central que jouent ces derniers dans la « mise en présence » du Saint Esprit durant le culte et l'inspiration divine dont sont supposés être imprégnés leurs enseignements bibliques légitiment ce personnage dans sa fonction d'intermédiaire incontournable dans la relation entre le fidèle et son Dieu, alors même que le pentecôtisme s'inscrit historiquement dans la mouvance évangélique qui valorise la relation personnelle du chrétien né de nouveau avec son créateur. This paper considers two Pentecostal assemblies in Eastern France - the Église Évangélique de Pentecôte of Besançon (Franche-Comté) and the Porte Ouverte Chrétienne of Mulhouse (Alsace) - I have investigated for my PhD research, following an ethnographical method. After located these two assemblies in the sphere of influence of the French Pentecostalism, we focused on the Pentecostal pastor figure. The exemplary nature of the story of life of the pastors, the central role that pastors play in encounters with divine during the cult and the divine inspiration of their biblical educations legitimize this figure like inescapable intermediary between the believer and his God. Even if Pentecostalism is historically part of the evangelical sphere of influence which values personal relationships of the born again Christian with his creator.