Who expects what from whom? : a gender based study on expectations and secondary school administration

This study is about expectations and aspirations of secondary school teachers. It is an investigation of why some teachers aspire to become administrators and why some teachers do not. My research compares expectations and existing attltudes regarding aspirations toward administration which are held by three distinct groups within the secondary school system: 1) principals/vice-principals, 2) aspiring teachers, and 3) non-aspiring teachers. This study questions why, in the late 60's, secondary school administration is still predominated by men. The conclusions and recommendations were based on interviews with thirty men and women in the Hamilton Secondary School System. In addltion, Mr. Keith Rielly, Superintendent of Operations, made valuable contributions to my work. The interviews revealed experiences and percept ions of men and women in di scourse about f amil y re lat i onshi ps, educational choices and perceived internal and external barriers which inhiblted or enhanced their decision to aspire to secondary school administration. Candidates spoke about their personal and professional Hves wlth respect to encouragement, perceived images of an administrator, netWOrking and the effect of marriage and children on their careers. Historically, women have not accepted the challenge of administration and It would appear as if this is still the case today. My research suggests that women are under-represented in secondary school administration because of internal and external barriers which discourage many women from aspiring. I conclude that many of women's internal barrlers are reinforced by external roadblocks which prevent women from aspiring to secondory school administration. Thus. many women who do not envision a future in educational administration establish priorities outside the general realm of education. I recommend that males and females recognize that women make valuable contributions to educational theory and design based on their experiences which may be "differene from mole experiences. but just as significant. Mole and female representation in secondary school administration represents a balance between attitudes and behaviours which can not be accomplished when an administrative offlce is dominated by on all ma1e or all female staff.

Cuando la persistencia es una cuestión de familia. Relaciones familiares, traspaso y género en explotaciones agropecuarias del Sudoeste bonaerense (1987-2007)

Las explicaciones del fenómeno de persistencia de la producción familiar en el sector agropecuario pampeano se han ensayado generalmente teniendo en cuenta aspectos económicos y productivos. Si bien ese énfasis coincide con la creciente importancia que la escala y la capitalización adquieren en la etapa actual de desarrollo del capitalismo agrario, por el propio carácter de estas unidades productivas -por el rol que juegan dentro de ellas las relaciones familiares- resulta necesario tomar en cuenta asimismo aspectos subjetivos y culturales, con el fin de lograr análisis más complejos y precisos sobre las estrategias que permitieron esa permanencia. En este trabajo indagamos en la influencia que las relaciones familiares y las concepciones culturales de las familias han tenido en las trayectorias de persistencia de un grupo de familias productoras del sudoeste bonaerense. En base al análisis de entrevistas realizadas a diez familias productoras de los partidos de Puán y Saavedra indagamos en el papel que los vínculos entre padres e hijos, las cuestiones de género y las aspiraciones y expectativas de los miembros de las familias han jugado en procesos fundamentales para la continuidad de las explotaciones como el traspaso generacional y en la configuración y sostenimiento de las estrategias que les permitieron permanecer en la actividad a lo largo de los últimos veinte años.

Cuando la persistencia es una cuestión de familia. Relaciones familiares, traspaso y género en explotaciones agropecuarias del Sudoeste bonaerense (1987-2007)

Las explicaciones del fenómeno de persistencia de la producción familiar en el sector agropecuario pampeano se han ensayado generalmente teniendo en cuenta aspectos económicos y productivos. Si bien ese énfasis coincide con la creciente importancia que la escala y la capitalización adquieren en la etapa actual de desarrollo del capitalismo agrario, por el propio carácter de estas unidades productivas -por el rol que juegan dentro de ellas las relaciones familiares- resulta necesario tomar en cuenta asimismo aspectos subjetivos y culturales, con el fin de lograr análisis más complejos y precisos sobre las estrategias que permitieron esa permanencia. En este trabajo indagamos en la influencia que las relaciones familiares y las concepciones culturales de las familias han tenido en las trayectorias de persistencia de un grupo de familias productoras del sudoeste bonaerense. En base al análisis de entrevistas realizadas a diez familias productoras de los partidos de Puán y Saavedra indagamos en el papel que los vínculos entre padres e hijos, las cuestiones de género y las aspiraciones y expectativas de los miembros de las familias han jugado en procesos fundamentales para la continuidad de las explotaciones como el traspaso generacional y en la configuración y sostenimiento de las estrategias que les permitieron permanecer en la actividad a lo largo de los últimos veinte años.

Cuando la persistencia es una cuestión de familia. Relaciones familiares, traspaso y género en explotaciones agropecuarias del Sudoeste bonaerense (1987-2007)

Las explicaciones del fenómeno de persistencia de la producción familiar en el sector agropecuario pampeano se han ensayado generalmente teniendo en cuenta aspectos económicos y productivos. Si bien ese énfasis coincide con la creciente importancia que la escala y la capitalización adquieren en la etapa actual de desarrollo del capitalismo agrario, por el propio carácter de estas unidades productivas -por el rol que juegan dentro de ellas las relaciones familiares- resulta necesario tomar en cuenta asimismo aspectos subjetivos y culturales, con el fin de lograr análisis más complejos y precisos sobre las estrategias que permitieron esa permanencia. En este trabajo indagamos en la influencia que las relaciones familiares y las concepciones culturales de las familias han tenido en las trayectorias de persistencia de un grupo de familias productoras del sudoeste bonaerense. En base al análisis de entrevistas realizadas a diez familias productoras de los partidos de Puán y Saavedra indagamos en el papel que los vínculos entre padres e hijos, las cuestiones de género y las aspiraciones y expectativas de los miembros de las familias han jugado en procesos fundamentales para la continuidad de las explotaciones como el traspaso generacional y en la configuración y sostenimiento de las estrategias que les permitieron permanecer en la actividad a lo largo de los últimos veinte años.

Understanding aspirations and expectations of international students in Australian higher education

The aspirations and expectations of the growing international student cohort in Australia are implicitly incorporated into recruitment and internationalization strategies but have received little academic analysis. To address this gap in the literature, this paper develops a conceptual model built upon earlier research by Tim Mazzarol and Geoffrey Soutar, which focuses on the push and pull factors relating to home country and country of destination, respectively, in relation to students’ decisions to seek international study. Focusing predominantly on Chinese and Indian students, we conceptualize, extend and place the push and pull factors within a social psychological framework in relation to students’ aspirations and expectations of international education, indicating factors that can be influenced by higher education (HE) institutions and their programmes, and those which cannot. We then interrogate the model and its applicability in Australian HE through the case study of an Indian international Study Tour conducted in our Australian HE institution in 2009. In the present context of decreased international student enrolments in Australia in 2010, where we seek to better understand our international students, the proposed model provides a basis for identifying international students’ expectations and aspirations and developing prospective international relations.

Work integrated learning: Exposure to professional practice : expectations and challenges

Prior to graduation engineering students are expected to provide evidence of relevant experience in the workplace. This experience is expected to provide opportunities for exposure to the profession and to help students develop confidence, skills and capabilities as emerging professionals. This investigation considers the expectations and challenges in implementing WIL programs in different contexts. While this will inform the next iteration of engineering course development at QUT the issues and interventions described provide useful insights into options available and engineering curriculum design more broadly. This comparative analysis across three phases highlights expectations and challenges including stakeholder responsibilities, expectations, and assessment. The study draws on the findings of a 2005 investigation into the purpose and provision of WIL and findings of a 2012 Faculty review of the current WIL model. The enhancement of WIL through a series of developmental phases highlights strengths and weaknesses of various models. It is anticipated that this investigation will inform course development decisions on a whole-of-course approach to WIL that improves student engagement and learning experience. The importance of WIL is not disputed. However with industry expectations, increasing student numbers and cohort diversity the ways in which students and industry currently engage in WIL are not sustainable and more creative, flexible and engaging approaches are needed.

The urgent need for career preview: Student expectations and graduate realities in music and dance

Unlike the work available in many creative disciplines, musicians and dancers have the possibility of full-time, company-based employment; however, participants far outweigh the number of available positions. As a result, many graduates become ‘enforced entrepreneurs’ as they shape their work to meet personal and professional needs. This paper first explores the career projections of 58 music and dance students who were surveyed in their first week of post-secondary study. It then contrasts these findings with the reality of graduate careers as reported by five of that cohort four years later. In contrast with the students’ overwhelming focus on performance roles, the graduate cohort reported a prevalence of portfolio careers incorporating both creative and non-creative roles. The paper characterises the notion of a performing arts ‘career’ as a messy concept fraught with misunderstanding. Implications include the need to heighten students’ career awareness and position intrinsic satisfaction as a valued career concept.

Owners' Way or the Highway: Short-term Expectations and Owner Impatience

Increased media exposure to layoffs and corporate quarterly financial reporting have created arguable a common perception – especially favored by the media itself – that the companies have been forced to improve their financial performance from quarter to quarter. Academically the relevant question is whether the companies themselves feel that they are exposed to short-term pressure to perform even if it means that they have to compromise company’s long-term future. This paper studies this issue using results from a survey conducted among the 500 largest companies in Finland. The results show that companies in general feel moderate short-term pressure, with reasonable dispersion across firms. There seems to be a link between the degree of pressure felt, and the firm’s ownership structure, i.e. we find support for the existence of short-term versus long-term owners. We also find significant ownership related differences, in line with expectations, in how such short-term pressure is reflected in actual decision variables such as the investment criteria used.

Labeling in the Classroom: Teacher Expectations and their Effects on Students' Academic Potential

The transition to high school can be challenging for some adolescents, resulting in drops of academic functioning (Barber & Olsen, 2004; Smith, 2006). While changes in academic demands and the disparity between adolescent needs and the environmental characteristics of high school have both been cited as possible contributors to this decrease in academic and personal functioning (Barber & Olsen, 2004), it is possible that teachers may play an even larger role in undermining these students’ functioning, specifically through labeling. Although labeling, and how it can lead to self-fulfilling prophesies, is a concept that has been thoroughly researched and applied to the field of criminology and deviant behavior, it is the goal of this current study to investigate if labeling also occurs in the classroom setting and how such labels ultimately effect the academic potential of high school students.

FAMILY MEDICINE RESIDENT SURVEY ON HEALTH PROMOTION (PERSONAL EXPECTATIONS, BEHAVIORS, PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY, COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT, OUTCOME EXPECTANCY)

This study was designed to test the theoretical predictors of personal efficacy expectations among family medicine resident physicians for helping their patients change thirteen high risk health behaviors. A survey questionnaire was sent to 781 family medicine residents in the six state south central region. The response rate was 60 percent. The hypothesized relationship between lower levels of difficulty and higher personal efficacy expectations was supported by the data. Effort was a significant predictor of perceived self efficacy for health behaviors considered less difficult to change. Situational support did not prove to be a significant predictor for many of the health behaviors. Rate and pattern of success were consistent and significant predictors of perceived self efficacy for helping patients change all thirteen of the health behaviors. Modeling of effective methods by faculty was a significant predictor of efficacy expectations for several but not all of the behaviors. Personal modeling was a significant predictor of perceived efficacy for helping patients change behaviors related to alcohol misuse and exercise. The respondents personally modeled positive health behaviors more consistently than their older colleagues or the general population.^ The results of this study lend substantially to the usefulness of the cognitive-behavioral theory of perceived self efficacy and provide a mechanism for assessing the predictors of personal efficacy expectations of family medicine resident physicians. The findings are expected to have direct implications for faculty to institute systematic programs of interventions designed to increase residents' perceptions of efficacy in facilitating more positive health behaviors among their patients. ^

BIM : expectations and a reality check

BIM (Building Information Modelling) is an approach that involves applying and maintaining an integral digital representation of all building information for different phases of the project lifecycle. This paper presents an analysis of the current state of BIM in the industry and a re-assessment of its role and potential contribution in the near future, given the apparent slow rate of adoption by the industry. The paper analyses the readiness of the building industry with respect to the product, processes and people to present an argument on where the expectations from BIM and its adoption may have been misplaced. This paper reports on the findings from: (1) a critical review of latest BIM literature and commercial applications, and (2) workshops with focus groups on changing work-practice, role of technology, current perceptions and expectations of BIM.