Sound radiation from a perforated panel set in a baffle with a different perforation ratio

A finite flexible perforated panel set in a differently perforated rigid baffle is considered. The radiation efficiency from such a panel is derived using a 2-D wavenumber domain formulation. This generalization is later used to represent a more practical case of a perforated panel fixed in an unperforated baffle. The perforations are in the form of an array of uniformly distributed circular holes. A complex impedance model for the holes available in the literature is used. An averaged fluid particle velocity is derived using the continuity equation and the surface pressure is derived using an appropriate momentum equation. The discontinuity in the perforate impedance (due to different hole dimensions or perforation ratio) at the panel-baffle interface is carefully taken into account. It is found that there exists a `coupling' of different wavenumbers of the spatially mean fluid particle velocity field. The change in the resonance frequencies and the modeshapes of the panel due to the perforations is taken into account using the Receptance method. Analytical expressions for the radiated power and radiation efficiency are derived in an integral form and numerical results are presented. Several comparisons are made to understand the radiation efficiency curves. Since both the resistive and reactive components of the hole impedance are taken into account, the model is directly applicable to micro-perforated panels also. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Acoustic properties of microperforated panels and their optimizatión by simulated annealing

This thesis investigates the acoustic properties of microperforated panels as an alternative to passive noise control. The first chapters are devoted to the review of analytical models to obtain the acoustic impedance and absorption coefficient of perforated panels. The use of panels perforated with circular holes or with slits is discussed. The theoretical models are presented and some modifications are proposed to improve the modeling of the physical phenomena occurring at the perforations of the panels. The absorption band is widened through the use of multiple layer microperforated panels and/or the combination of a millimetric panel with a porous layer that can be a fibrous material or a nylon mesh. A commercial micrometric mesh downstream a millimetric panel is proposed as a very efficient and low cost solution for controlling noise in reduced spaces. The simulated annealing algorithm is used in order to optimize the panel construction to provide a maximum of absorption in a determined wide band frequency range. Experiments are carried out at normal sound incidence and plane waves. One example is shown for a double layer microperforated panel subjected to grazing flow. A good agreement is achieved between the theory and the experiments. RESUMEN En esta tesis se investigan las propiedades acústicas de paneles micro perforados como una alternativa al control pasivo del ruido. Los primeros capítulos están dedicados a la revisión de los modelos de análisis para obtener la impedancia acústica y el coeficiente de absorción de los paneles perforados. El uso de paneles perforados con agujeros circulares o con ranuras es discutido. Se presentan diferentes modelos y se proponen algunas modificaciones para mejorar la modelización de los fenómenos físicos que ocurren en las perforaciones. La banda de absorción se ensancha a través del uso de capas múltiples de paneles micro perforados y/o la combinación de un panel de perforaciones milimétricas combinado con una capa porosa que puede ser un material fibroso o una malla de nylon. Se propone el uso de una malla micrométrica detrás de un panel milimétrico como una solución económica y eficiente para el control del ruido en espacios reducidos. El algoritmo de recocido simulado se utiliza con el fin de optimizar la construcción de paneles micro perforados para proporcionar un máximo de absorción en una banda determinada frecuencias. Los experimentos se llevan a cabo en la incidencia normal de sonido y ondas planas. Se muestra un ejemplo de panel micro perforado de doble capa sometido a flujo rasante. Se consigue un buen acuerdo entre la teoría y los experimentos.

A finite element model of perforated panel absorbers including viscothermal effects

Most of the analytical models devoted to determine the acoustic properties of a rigid perforated panel consider the acoustic impedance of a single hole and then use the porosity to determine the impedance for the whole panel. However, in the case of not homogeneous hole distribution or more complex configurations this approach is no longer valid. This work explores some of these limitations and proposes a finite element methodology that implements the linearized Navier Stokes equations in the frequency domain to analyse the acoustic performance under normal incidence of perforated panel absorbers. Some preliminary results for a homogenous perforated panel show that the sound absorption coefficient derived from the Maa analytical model does not match those from the simulations. These differences are mainly attributed to the finite geometry effect and to the spatial distribution of the perforations for the numerical case. In order to confirm these statements, the acoustic field in the vicinities of the perforations is analysed for a more complex configuration of perforated panel. Additionally, experimental studies are carried out in an impedance tube for the same configuration and then compared to previous methods. The proposed methodology is shown to be in better agreement with the laboratorial measurements than the analytical approach.