Methods and Participant Characteristics of a Randomized Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Among Brazilian High School Students: The Saude na Boa Project

Background: A cross-cultural, randomized study was proposed to observe the effects of a school-based intervention designed to promote physical activity and healthy eating among high school students in 2 cities from different regions in Brazil: Recife and Florianopolis. The objective of this article is to describe the methodology and subjects enrolled in the project. Methods: Ten schools from each region were matched and randomized into intervention and control conditions. A questionnaire and anthropometry were used to collect data in the first and last month of the 2006 school year. The sample (n = 2155 at baseline; 55.7% females; 49.1% in the experimental group) included students 15 to 24 years, attending nighttime classes. The intervention focused on simple environmental/organizational changes, diet and physical activity education, and personnel training. Results: The central aspects of the intervention have been implemented in all 10 intervention schools. Problems during the intervention included teachers' strikes in both sites and lack of involvement of the canteen owners in schools. Conclusions: The Saude no Boa study provides evidence that public high schools in Brazil represent an important environment for health promotion. Its design and simple measurements increase the chances of it being sustained and disseminated to similar schools in Brazil.

Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies.

BACKGROUND: Menarche and menopause mark the onset and cessation, respectively, of ovarian activity associated with reproduction, and affect breast cancer risk. Our aim was to assess the strengths of their effects and determine whether they depend on characteristics of the tumours or the affected women. METHODS: Individual data from 117 epidemiological studies, including 118 964 women with invasive breast cancer and 306 091 without the disease, none of whom had used menopausal hormone therapy, were included in the analyses. We calculated adjusted relative risks (RRs) associated with menarche and menopause for breast cancer overall, and by tumour histology and by oestrogen receptor expression. FINDINGS: Breast cancer risk increased by a factor of 1·050 (95% CI 1·044-1·057; p<0·0001) for every year younger at menarche, and independently by a smaller amount (1·029, 1·025-1·032; p<0·0001), for every year older at menopause. Premenopausal women had a greater risk of breast cancer than postmenopausal women of an identical age (RR at age 45-54 years 1·43, 1·33-1·52, p<0·001). All three of these associations were attenuated by increasing adiposity among postmenopausal women, but did not vary materially by women's year of birth, ethnic origin, childbearing history, smoking, alcohol consumption, or hormonal contraceptive use. All three associations were stronger for lobular than for ductal tumours (p<0·006 for each comparison). The effect of menopause in women of an identical age and trends by age at menopause were stronger for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease (p<0·01 for both comparisons). INTERPRETATION: The effects of menarche and menopause on breast cancer risk might not be acting merely by lengthening women's total number of reproductive years. Endogenous ovarian hormones are more relevant for oestrogen receptor-positive disease than for oestrogen receptor-negative disease and for lobular than for ductal tumours. FUNDING: Cancer Research UK.

Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality: an individual participant data analysis from nine prospective cohort studies

Texte intégral: http://www.springerlink.com/content/3q68180337551r47/fulltext.pdf

Verbrachen, belge [coureur cycliste participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56708

[Gerardus Petrus dit Gerard] Leene [coureur cycliste néerlandais participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56715

[Ahmed] Djebelia, Français [participant au marathon modifié des Jeux interalliés, stade Pershing, le 4 juillet 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 54701

[Piet] Moeskops [coureur cycliste néerlandais participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56698

[Pierre] Sergent [coureur cycliste participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 2 novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56714

[Pierre] Sergent [coureur cycliste participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 2 novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56713

[René] Chassot [coureur cycliste participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56709

[Gerardus Petrus, dit Gerard] Leene [coureur cycliste néerlandais participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56700

[Piet] Moeskops [coureur cycliste néerlandais participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56699

[Heinrich] Wegmann [coureur cycliste suisse participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56697

[Heinrich] Wegmann [coureur cycliste suisse participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56696

[Klaas] Van Nek [coureur cycliste néerlandais participant au meeting de la Toussaint, 1er novembre 1919] : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 56711