Lessons of peace in Aceh: administrative decentralization and political freedom as a strategy of pacification in Aceh

This working paper shows the evolution of the Aceh conflict until its peaceful resolution in 2005. The key factors in the success of this peace process have been the confluence of several factors related to the internal and external dynamics of the country, including the new political leadership, the decreasing role of the military power, the international support and the meeting of the objectives of both groups, and so on. The end of the conflict in Aceh shows that the administrative decentralization and the promotion of the political participation of the main actors involved have made possible the development of a solid alternative to the arms strategy of conflict resolution used for years in Indonesia.

Déclaration du Roy sur les édicts de pacification, des duels, combats et rencontres, défenses à tous... d'entrer en ligues et associations, tant dedans que dehors le Royaume, et à ses officiers et pensionnaires de prendre gages et pensions d'autres que de luy, prohibitions des jurements et blasphèmes. Publié en la Cour de Parlement, le... Roy y séant en son lict de justice, le 2 octobre 1614

[Acte royal. 1614-10-01. Paris]

Lettre de Monsieur l'évêque métropolitain de Paris, contenant des vues de pacification sur les troubles actuels de l'église de France, en réponse à celle de M. Charrier de la Roche, lui annonçant sa démission de l'évéché métropolitain de Rouen ([Reprod.]) / [J. B. J. Gobel]

Collection : Les archives de la Révolution française ; 8.849

靖海氛紀Jing hai fen ji.Pacification des pirates.

Par Yuan Yong lun, avec préfaces de 1830 par Su Ying heng et He Jing zhong. Ouvrage relatif aux pirateries exercées sur les côtes du Guang dong (1808-1809) consécutivement aux affaires d'Annam ; gravé à Canton en 1830. Suivi d'une annexe de 1835 par Zhou Shui sheng.2 livres.

Internal war and pacification : the Vendée /

Photocopy.

Histoire du Consulat de Bonaparte : contenant tous les évènemens politiques et militaires de l'an VIII jusqu'en l'an XI, et particulièrement la revolution du 18 brumaire; les changements politiques et géographiques qu'ont opérés, dans les quatre parties du monde, les différens traités de paix conclus avant et pendant le consulat; l'histoire des troubles de Saint-Domingue, et notamment de la guerre avec Toussaint-Louverture; le tableau détaillé de la guerre de la Vendée jusqu' à la pacification générale; le concordat conclu avec le Pape; le résultat des opérations de la diéte de Ratisbonne; enfin la pacification de l'Helvétie et sa nouvelle constitution et la déclaration de guerre par l'Angleterre /

Mode of access: Internet.

Trypan blue staining for capsulorhexis: Ultrastructural effect on lens epithelial cells and capsules

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ultrastructural effect of trypan blue 0.1% staining for capsulorhexis on lens epithelial cells (LECs) and capsules SETTING: Division of Ophthalmology. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil METHODS: Before capsulorhexis, patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups Trypan blue 0 1% staining was performed in the treatment group No trypan blue was used in the control group Samples of capsules with LECs were fixed and analyzed with routine optical microscopy techniques. immunohistochemistry for beclin-1 expression (a marker of autophagy), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transf erase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling to detect apoptosis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) Morphometric analyses were performed. and the 2 sets of data were compared. RESULTS: Each group comprised 15 patients Cell death by autophagy and apoptosis was observed in the treatment group but not in the control group The TEM images of subcapsular epithelium cells showed mitochondria` rupture, dilation of the cisterns of the endoplasmic reticulum, increased cytoplasmic and nuclear electron density, and abnormalities in the nuclear profile of trypan blue-stained cells. Morphometric analysis showed statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in the longest nuclear axes and the ratio between the total nuclear perimeter and the cell area (P = .03) The difference in capsule thickness between groups was not significant. CONCLUSION: Trypan blue caused LEC death, which supports the hypothesis that staining with trypan blue 0 1% can help reduce the incidence of posterior capsule pacification after cataract surgery

As duas margens do rio: contrastes urbanos e regulação da violência na escola

o objeto deste artigo é analisar as respostas da escola ao fenômeno da violência em meio escolar e qual a influência das características dos contextos urbanos nesse processo. A identificação de escolas situadas em contextos urbanos fortemente degradados e com elevada conflitualidade e desigualdade social, mas que apresentavam níveis reduzidos de violência no seu interior e, inversamente, escolas com uma frequência elevada de ocorrências que se situavam em contextos urbanos mais estruturados e maioritariamente de classe média, levou- nos a questionar as concepções largamente aceitas e difundidas sobre o aparente contágio de conflitualidade em escolas situadas em meios sociais desfavorecidos. As evidências encontradas na análise dessa relação entre as escolas e o contexto social local permitiram- nos refutar o determinismo das características do meio social sobre as escolas, bem como a consequente incapacidade dessas na regulação e prevenção da violência. o centramento da pesquisa na dimensão organizacional, em concreto nas estratégias definidas e desenvolvidas pelas escolas no combate ao problema da violência, permitiu-nos compreender e demonstrar que as orientações, as práticas e os processos organizacionais têm um papel decisivo na pacificação dos quotidianos escolares.