Pa Mong Project, Laos-Thailand : stage 1--interim report.

"Prepared for the Committee for Co-ordination of Investigations of the Lower Mekong Basin (Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Republic of Vietnam) under agreement with the Agency for International Development, United States Department of State by Bureau of Reclamation, United States Department of the Interior"--Cover.

Preliminary Results from Exercise for Health : A Breast Cancer Recovery Project [Abstract]

The Exercise for Health program is a telephone-delivered exercise intervention for women with breast cancer (BC) living in regional Queensland. The effect of the program is being evaluated in the context of a randomised controlled trial. Consenting, newly diagnosed BC patients, treated in one of 8 regional Queensland hospitals, were randomly allocated to telephone-based exercise counselling (EC) or usual care (UC) at 6-weeks post-surgery. EC participants received an exercise workbook and 16 calls from an exercise physiologist over 8 months. Physical activity levels (PA) (Active Australia & CHAMPS), quality-of-life (FACTB+4), upper-body function (DASH) and fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue) were assessed at baseline (4-6 weeks post-surgery), 6- and 12-months post-surgery. Preliminary analyses of available 6-month data were conducted using t-tests and repeated measures ANCOVAs. Participating women (n=143; EC n=73, UC n=70) were aged 53±9 years and 30% met PA guidelines at baseline. Up to two thirds of the women received adjuvant therapy during the first 6 months following surgery. Greater improvements (mean change+SD) occurred for the EC vs UC group in weekly sessions of walking (1.83±4.3 vs -0.5±5.5, p=0.029) moderate-vigorous PA (5.0±6.5 vs -1.1±6.1, p=0.005) and strength training (1.9±2.9 vs -0.5±4.2 p<0.001), and in upper-body function, reflected by lower log-transformed disability scores (-0.34±0.44 vs -0.17±0.28, p=0.038). More EC than UC participants met PA guidelines at 6 months (46.3% vs 32.7%). Preliminary findings from this ongoing trial suggest that the telephone is a feasible and effective medium for delivering exercise counselling to newly diagnosed BC patients living in regional areas.

Sustainable infrastructure project planning : progress in contemporary decision support tools

Most infrastructure project developments are complex in nature, particularly in the planning phase. During this stage, many vague alternatives are tabled - from the strategic to operational level. Human judgement and decision making are characterised by biases, errors and the use of heuristics. These factors are intangible and hard to measure because they are subjective and qualitative in nature. The problem with human judgement becomes more complex when a group of people are involved. The variety of different stakeholders may cause conflict due to differences in personal judgements. Hence, the available alternatives increase the complexities of the decision making process. Therefore, it is desirable to find ways of enhancing the efficiency of decision making to avoid misunderstandings and conflict within organisations. As a result, numerous attempts have been made to solve problems in this area by leveraging technologies such as decision support systems. However, most construction project management decision support systems only concentrate on model development and neglect fundamentals of computing such as requirement engineering, data communication, data management and human centred computing. Thus, decision support systems are complicated and are less efficient in supporting the decision making of project team members. It is desirable for decision support systems to be simpler, to provide a better collaborative platform, to allow for efficient data manipulation, and to adequately reflect user needs. In this chapter, a framework for a more desirable decision support system environment is presented. Some key issues related to decision support system implementation are also described.

Aligning project stakeholder motivation through incentivisation : a client-driven approach

The use of appropriate financial incentives within construction projects can contribute to strong alignment of project stakeholder motivation with project goals. However, effective incentive system design can be a challenging task and takes skillful planning by client managers in the early stages of a project. In response to a lack of information currently available to construction clients in this area, this paper explores the features of a successful incentive system and identifies key learnings for client managers to consider when designing incentives. Our findings, based on data from a large Australian case study, suggest that key stakeholders place greater emphasis on the project management processes that support incentives than on the incentive itself. Further, contractors need adequate time and information to accurately estimate construction costs prior to their tender price submission to ensure cost-focused incentive goals remain achievable. Thus, client managers should be designing incentives as part of a supportive procurement strategy to maximize project stakeholder motivation and prevent goal misalignment.

The key to successful implementation : project management of sustainable infrastructure provision

Delivering infrastructure projects involves many stakeholders. Their responsibilities and authorities vary over the course of the project lifecycle - from establishing the project parameters and performance requirements, to operating and maintaining the completed infrastructure. To ensure the successful delivery of infrastructure projects, it is important for the project management team to identify and manage the stakeholders and their requirements. This chapter discusses the management of stakeholders in delivering infrastructure projects, from their conception to completion. It includes managing the stakeholders for project selection and involving them to improve project constructability, operability and maintainability.

Controlling chaos? The value and the challenges of applying complexity theory to project management

The literature abounds with descriptions of failures in high-profile projects and a range of initiatives has been generated to enhance project management practice (e.g., Morris, 2006). Estimating from our own research, there are scores of other project failures that are unrecorded. Many of these failures can be explained using existing project management theory; poor risk management, inaccurate estimating, cultures of optimism dominating decision making, stakeholder mismanagement, inadequate timeframes, and so on. Nevertheless, in spite of extensive discussion and analysis of failures and attention to the presumed causes of failure, projects continue to fail in unexpected ways. In the 1990s, three U.S. state departments of motor vehicles (DMV) cancelled major projects due to time and cost overruns and inability to meet project goals (IT-Cortex, 2010). The California DMV failed to revitalize their drivers’ license and registration application process after spending $45 million. The Oregon DMV cancelled their five year, $50 million project to automate their manual, paper-based operation after three years when the estimates grew to $123 million; its duration stretched to eight years or more and the prototype was a complete failure. In 1997, the Washington state DMV cancelled their license application mitigation project because it would have been too big and obsolete by the time it was estimated to be finished. There are countless similar examples of projects that have been abandoned or that have not delivered the requirements.

Increasing physical activity among women with young children: Results from the Proactive Mums Project

Context Evidence from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health suggests that mothers of young children have lower levels of physical activity (PA) than women of similar age without children. Objectives The aim of the ProActive Mums project was to determine the relative efficacy of two strategies designed to increase the proportion of mothers of young children who are meeting current PA guidelines, utilising child care centres (CCCs) as the setting for recruitment. Study Design The project used a randomised (after stratification to ensure even representation of CCCs from differing socio-economic areas) design incorporating repeated data collection from women in three groups, each consisting of 7 childcare centres (CCCs). Baseline surveys were completed by 554 mothers, with follow-up data collection immediately post-Intervention (8 weeks after baseline) and again 5 months later. Women from CCCs in Group 1 (control) received only the surveys throughout the duration of the project. Women from CCCs in Group 2 (information only) were given a print intervention, and women from CCCs in Group 3 were (in addition to being given the same print intervention as women from CCCs in Group 2) invited to to contribute to the development of, and participate in, strategies for the promotion of PA among mothers of young children. The two intervention strategies were extensively evaluated through a series of surveys and interviews. The Intervention The print intervention prescribed for women from CCCs in Group 2 and Group 3 consisted of an 8-page booklet containing motivational messages and information about physical activity. Women from CCCs in Group 3 were also invited to attend meetings at their CCC to identify strategies for increasing their PA. Contacts were made with key stakeholders in the community, including managers of sporting and recreation facilities, childcare service providers, and local councils. A wide range of strategies was developed during the intervention phase of the project, which specifically focused on the need to increase partner support and self-efficacy (or the confidence to be physically active). Results The mean age of participants was 33 (+ 4.8) years, and the mean number of children per family unit was 2.2 (± 0.9). At baseline, fewer than half the women were meeting current guidelines for adequate PA for health benefit, and there were no significant differences between groups in the proportion of women who were adequately active for health benefit. Women in Group 3 were significantly more likely to meet the guidelines at post-intervention follow-up than controls [OR = 1.71 (1.05-2.77)] after controlling for age and PA at baseline. There was no significant effect of the print intervention alone on meeting guidelines at post-intervention follow-up compared with controls, after controlling for age and PA at baseline [OR = 1.15 (0.70-1.89)]. Changes in Partner Support (PS) and Self Efficacy (SE) significantly predicted meeting current PA guidelines at post-intervention follow-up after controlling for baseline PA [∆ PS: OR = 2.29 (1.46-3.58); ∆ SE: OR = 1.86 (1.17- 2.94)]. The intervention effect in Group 3 was not maintained at long-term follow-up. Conclusions The findings indicate that a community participation approach that facilitates increased partner support and self-efficacy can be effective in increasing PA among mothers of young children. Changes in physical activity were found to be mediated by changes in partner support and self-efficacy for physical activity, suggesting that the intervention successfully targeted the individual characteristics it intended to, and that these variables do play an important role in increasing physical activity among women with young children. It is clear that further work needs to be done to explore methods of translating the short-term intervention effect shown in this study into long-term changes in PA behaviour. This study also provided insight into measurement issues in PA research and raised questions about self-report measures of PA and perceived constraints to being physically active. The results from post-study qualitative interviews suggest that many women at this life-stage experience time constraints which, when accompanied by a lack of partner support and financial constraints, make leisure-time PA virtually impossible for many women. Future strategies might focus on targeting this population immediately prior to this life-stage in an attempt to encourage habitual physical activity before women have children. Increasing PA in this population should also address the entire family unit, and consider the way leisure-time is negotiated among the adults within a household. Social change and increased awareness of the range of benefits of PA for women with children are additional strategies to be considered.

Randomized trial of a clinic-based, community-supported, lifestyle intervention to improve physical activity and diet : The North Carolina enhanced WISEWOMAN project

Objective To determine if a clinic-based behavioral intervention program for low-income mid-life women that emphasizes use of community resources will increase moderate intensity physical activity (PA) and improve dietary intake. Methods Randomized trial conducted from May 2003 to December 2004 at one community health center in Wilmington, NC. A total of 236 women, ages 40–64, were randomized to receive an Enhanced Intervention (EI) or Minimal Intervention (MI). The EI consisted of an intensive phase (6 months) including 2 individual counseling sessions, 3 group sessions, and 3 phone calls from a peer counselor followed by a maintenance phase (6 months) including 1 individual counseling session and 7 monthly peer counselor calls. Both phases included efforts to increase participants' use of community resources that promote positive lifestyle change. The MI consisted of a one-time mailing of pamphlets on diet and PA. Outcomes, measured at 6 and 12 months, included the comparison of moderate intensity PA between study groups as assessed by accelerometer (primary outcome) and questionnaire, and dietary intake assessed by questionnaire and serum carotenoids (6 months only). Results For accelerometer outcomes, follow-up was 75% at 6 months and 73% at 12 months. Though moderate intensity PA increased in the EI and decreased in the MI, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.45; multivariate model, p = 0.08); however, moderate intensity PA assessed by questionnaire (92% follow-up at 6 months and 75% at 12 months) was greater in the EI (p = 0.01; multivariate model, p = 0.001). For dietary outcomes, follow-up was 90% for questionnaire and 92% for serum carotenoids at 6 months and 74% for questionnaire at 12 months. Dietary intake improved more in the EI compared to the MI (questionnaire at 6 and 12 months, p < 0.001; serum carotenoid index, p = 0.05; multivariate model, p = 0.03). Conclusion The EI did not improve objectively measured PA, but was associated with improved self-reported and objective measures of dietary intake.

Definition of an it project portfolio management methodology for a pharmaceutical company

Con la creciente popularidad de las soluciones de IT como factor clave para aumentar la competitividad y la creación de valor para las empresas, la necesidad de invertir en proyectos de IT se incrementa considerablemente. La limitación de los recursos como un obstáculo para invertir ha obligado a las empresas a buscar metodologías para seleccionar y priorizar proyectos, asegurándose de que las decisiones que se toman son aquellas que van alineadas con las estrategias corporativas para asegurar la creación de valor y la maximización de los beneficios. Esta tesis proporciona los fundamentos para la implementación del Portafolio de dirección de Proyectos de IT (IT PPM) como una metodología eficaz para la gestión de proyectos basados en IT, y una herramienta para proporcionar criterios claros para los directores ejecutivos para la toma de decisiones. El documento proporciona la información acerca de cómo implementar el IT PPM en siete pasos, el análisis de los procesos y las funciones necesarias para su ejecución exitosa. Además, proporciona diferentes métodos y criterios para la selección y priorización de proyectos. Después de la parte teórica donde se describe el IT PPM, la tesis aporta un análisis del estudio de caso de una empresa farmacéutica. La empresa ya cuenta con un departamento de gestión de proyectos, pero se encontró la necesidad de implementar el IT PPM debido a su amplia cobertura de procesos End-to-End en Proyectos de IT, y la manera de asegurar la maximización de los beneficios. Con la investigación teórica y el análisis del estudio de caso, la tesis concluye con una definición práctica de un modelo aproximado IT PPM como una recomendación para su implementación en el Departamento de Gestión de Proyectos.

Experiences of technology-rich innovation in European schools within the Open Discovery Space project

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Profissionalização e escolarização: a experiência de articulação do SENAI-PA

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo compreender, na prática da formação profissional dos trabalhadores em nível médio, como se relacionam a escola média e a escola profissional técnica de nível médio, conforme o preconizado pela legislação vigente, que prevê a articulação entre estes dois momentos da formação do trabalhador de forma seqüencial e concomitante. O foco da investigação manteve-se nas estratégias de formação adotadas no Curso Técnico em Manutenção de Mecânica Automotiva do Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial - SENAI, em Belém PA, uma vez que em seu processo formativo se processa apenas a formação da profissionalização. O curso tem por finalidade habilitar profissionais para atuar em processos de montagem, manutenção e recuperação de veículos automotivos. A metodologia utilizada subsidiou-se na abordagem qualitativa, por meio de um estudo de caso, fazendo uso na coleta de dados da entrevista semi-estruturada e da análise documental. A análise dos dados foi realizada com fulcro no referencial teórico utilizado e com base nos procedimentos da análise de conteúdo, a partir de três grandes eixos principais identificados na fala dos entrevistados, que foram: a articulação entre escola média e escola profissional de nível técnico no contexto da formação para o trabalho, formação profissional e mercado de trabalho e relação teoria-prática como componente da formação profissional. A pesquisa possibilitou identificar que o processo formativo no SENAI-PA possui como referência o economicismo, a empregabilidade e a competitividade, tendo na pedagogia das competências seu norte de formação profissional, a qual está voltada para atender a um mercado de trabalho cada vez mais mutante e instável. Constatou-se que a articulação mantida entre a escola média e a escola profissional de nível técnico é instrumental, ficando a escolarização subordinada e a serviço da profissionalização, sem preocupação específica da Instituição para com uma formação ampla do trabalhador. Ignora-se que a mera soma das partes não favorece uma formação mais abrangente desse trabalhador. Concluiu-se também que a formação profissional promovida pelo SENAI-PA, ao desenvolver um modelo utilitarista, pragmático e fragmentado, ratifica o histórico dualismo existente nesse nível educacional. Além disso, ao focar no desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes apenas para o mercado de trabalho, sua formação acaba por inviabilizar o projeto de ensino médio integrado que possibilitaria o desenvolvimento amplo do trabalhador.

O Plano Nacional de Qualificação do Trabalhador: formulação, implementação e as práticas pedagógicas dos professores do CEFET/PA

Nesta pesquisa, elegemos como objeto de estudo o PLANFOR, a fim de identificarmos as intenções, o projeto e as diretrizes orientadoras para a formação profissional estabelecidas por esse Programa no CEFET/PA, analisando se ele contribuiu para a renovação no desenvolvimento das práticas pedagógicas dos professores da Educação Profissional no âmbito dessa instituição. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados para a realização da pesquisa priorizaram os aspectos qualitativos da investigação, por meio de uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema, que incluía a pesquisa e os trabalhos mais significativos sobre o PLANFOR, tais como os de Almeida (2003), Azeredo (1998), Bulhões (2001), Frigotto (2002), Manfredi (2002); e sobre a ação docente: Candau (2005), Cunha (2004), Martins (2000) e Rays (1996) que se constituem em nossas principais referências de análise. A pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada paralelamente à pesquisa documental, a fim de reunir informações acerca do processo de implementação do PLANFOR no CEFET/PA. Também utilizamos a observação empírica para o desenvolvimento deste estudo. A geração dos dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com roteiro semi-estruturado, aplicadas a seis professores de cursos técnicos, envolvidos no processo de implementação do plano. As falas dos entrevistados foram analisadas e, por sua vez, suscitou as conclusões : a) o CEFET/PA executava os Cursos indicados pela SETEPS, que definia toda a organização e desenvolvimento dos cursos o que impossibilitou a inovação por iniciativa própria do CEFET IP A; b) a falta de esclarecimentos sobre as intenções, metas e diretrizes do programa, informações sobre o públicoalvo não possibilitou um direcionamento para a renovação pedagógica, pois para os professores não ficou claro o que era o PLANFOR; c) em relação aos projetos dos cursos e as práticas pedagógicas, estes continham carga horária pequena, impedindo seu aprofundamento; a pouca quantidade de aulas teóricas; a pouca articulação entre a teoria e a prática; predominância do conservadorismo das metodologias de ensino reproduzindo práticas pedagógicas ultrapassadas; deficiente integração entre as habilidades básicas, especifica e de gestão enfatizando as habilidades específicas, no "saber fazer" e no conhecimento instrumental.

A escola como espaço de formação continuada de professores: o caso da Escola Cidade de Emaús, Belém/Pa

Neste trabalho tenho como perspectiva, contribuir para a discussão da formação continuada de professores centrada na escola, tendo como lócus de pesquisa a Escola Cidade de Emaús, em Belém/Pa. Com o objetivo de conhecer o processo de formação continuada realizado nesta escola analiso documentos primários da Instituição, que tratam de sua filosofia, do estatuto social da entidade mantenedora, do projeto político-pedagógico, dentre outros e entrevistas com 06 professoras trabalhadoras dessa experiência que passaram a participar do espaço escolar no decorrer do período considerado, nas quais se inclui autora e suas próprias memórias. Para a reconstituição do processo utilizei a pesquisa narrativa, buscando evidenciar a experiência sócio-pedagógica implantada desde a década de 1980 que se configura, desde então, como uma outra/nova proposta educacional até 2003. Foi considerado para o estudo do processo os seguintes eixos de análise: a organização de espaços e tempos escolares e as ações formativas na escola, considerado aí o trabalho coletivo, a produção de materiais didáticos, o envolvimento político-social e as atividades realizadas no/com o bairro. Discuto os avanços e limitações da formação continuada de professores centrada na escola e busco apontar caminhos para a construção do professor necessário à proposta de um projeto políticopedagógico pensado para esse espaço educativo, que procura, ainda, aliar competência técnica ao compromisso político. Essa formação deve assegurar a permanente reafirmação e avaliação da filosofia assumida pela escola, bem como toda fundamentação teórico-científica do trabalho ali desenvolvido, concretizando as ações a partir da própria vivência de um trabalho coletivo. Essa formação, portanto, adquire um caráter imprescindível dentro da comunidade escolar. Penso, inclusive, que a partir de um projeto político-pedagógico internalizado, de fato, pelos diversos segmentos de uma instituição escolar haja maior condição para que se construa um eixo central para a formação continuada de professores, que são apenas parte integrante de um corpo de pessoas que devem concorrer para a mesma finalidade. Acredito que a escola possuidora de um projeto político-pedagógico, obriga-se à necessidade de formação dos recursos humanos responsáveis por seu desenvolvimento.