Programa de control de peso en personas con enfermedad mental grave del espectro psic??tico

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n. Resumen tambi??n en ingl??s

Creencias y actitudes hacia la hipnosis de los psic??logos espa??oles

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Trastorno de estr??s postraum??tico en ni??os y adolescentes : actuaci??n del psic??logo educativo

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ACT como tratamiento de s??ntomas psic??ticos : el caso de las alucinaciones auditivas

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El ejercicio profesional del psic??logo

Exploraci??n emp??rica de la situaci??n profesional del psic??logo en la regi??n de Murcia. Han sido entrevistados 119 psic??logos procedentes de centros institucionales o privados de las distintas comarcas de la regi??n de Murcia (Yecla, Cartagena, Lorca, Jumilla y Cieza). Es un estudio descriptivo y objetivo de la situaci??n socio-laboral del psic??logo en la regi??n. El m??todo seguido para el dise??o de la investigaci??n en el marco del m??todo emp??rico, ha sido anal??tico-inductivo. Para este estudio emp??rico se ha utilizado un 'cuestionario sobre el ejercicio profesional del psic??logo en la regi??n de Murcia 1984-85'. Consta de 33 ??tems o cuestiones con varias alternativas de respuesta. Incluye 6 ??tems con posibilidad de dar hasta 3 respuestas libres. El contenido de ??stos, incluye las caracter??sticas del profesional de la Psicolog??a, aspectos de la formaci??n, posiciones ante la profesi??n del psic??logo y la planificaci??n en materia de Psicolog??a. Para el tratamiento de la informaci??n obtenida se procedi?? al cruzamiento de ??tems considerados como variables de an??lisis y el tratamiento estad??stico de dichos cruzamientos. Se ha realizado un an??lisis de las frecuencias de los datos directos extra??dos de cada uno de los ??tems o variables, y han sido utilizados en los resultados en t??rminos de porcentajes. Para los datos obtenidos de los cruzamientos de las distintas variables se ha realizado el an??lisis de las diferencias estad??sticas observadas entre ellos seg??n la prueba de 'Chi-cuadrado'. Sobre las caracter??sticas del profesional de la Psicolog??a, destaca que m??s de la mitad de los psic??logos en ejercicio son mujeres. Hay alta proporci??n de profesionales que se dedican a la Psicolog??a como actividad principal siendo mayor en el campo educativo que en el de salud mental. En cuanto a la formaci??n, actualmente las necesidades se refieren al conocimiento de las t??cnicas terap??uticas. Con respecto a las posiciones ante la profesi??n, en general la gente tiene una imagen aceptable del psic??logo. La actitud hacia los programas regionales en materia de salud mental revela un alto grado de inconformismo, y una posici??n cr??tica hacia los programas regionales en materia de Psicolog??a Escolar y Educativa. Es necesaria la adecuada distribuci??n del empleo entre los diferentes sectores relacionados con la Psicolog??a para evitar el aglutinamiento de profesionales en unas ??reas, quedando otras desprovistas de la atenci??n necesaria. Conviene conseguir cada vez m??s, la necesaria cualificaci??n profesional del psic??logo y las posibilidades de formaci??n post-graduada de acuerdo con las exigencias.

Com educa????o a dist??ncia se vai ao longe

N??o ?? de hoje que a educa????o a dist??ncia (EAD) possibilita a inclus??o daqueles que jamais poderiam estudar. Na ??poca do Apartheid, a EAD propiciou que negros se graduassem sem freq??entar as aulas nas universidades, entre os quais, Nelson Mandela, que se formou pela Universidade da ??frica do Sul (Unisa), fazendo um curso por correspond??ncia. No Brasil, cresce a import??ncia da EAD em diferentes ??reas, com destaque para as institui????es p??blicas. Hoje, por vivermos em um ambiente em que a busca pelo conhecimento ?? premente e reter talentos ?? essencial para o bom desempenho da organiza????o, torna-se indispens??vel promover a educa????o a qualquer hora e em qualquer lugar. Para Gard??nia Abbad, psic??loga e professora da Universidade de Bras??lia, faz-se necess??ria a democratiza????o do acesso ?? educa????o, o que seria dif??cil de se alcan??ar integralmente no servi??o p??blico brasileiro, se feito de forma presencial. Assim, entender qual seria o papel da EAD em ambientes corporativos, bem como os desafios a serem enfrentados, torna-se fundamental para a obten????o de seu objetivo principal: ???Incluir a todos em um mundo de aprendizagem cont??nua, para atender ??s necessidades das pessoas, ?? busca por compet??ncias???, diz a professora. Muitos desses desafios foram discutidos no Semin??rio Internacional de Educa????o a Dist??ncia, realizado pela ENAP em junho de 2007, que contou com a presen??a de especialistas franceses, canadenses, espanh??is e brasileiros.

"O que fazer quando o coração aperta?" A dinâmica conjugal pós-infarto

O trabalho investigou a dinâmica das relações conjugais após ocorrência de Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio em um dos cônjuges, a fim de identificar possíveis alterações na interação e no papel de cada cônjuge. Foram entrevistados 06 casais (30 a 53 anos casamento): 03 homens enfartados, 03 mulheres enfartadas (ocorrência entre 1,5 a 8 anos), com roteiros diferenciados para o (a) enfartado e o (a) companheiro. Nas entrevistas priorizamos: interações pessoais e conjugais pós-infarto/ diferenças de gênero. A análise de conteúdo evidenciou que predominaram nas relações conjugais aspectos que remetem ao papel tradicional de gênero, embora a dinâmica conjugal tenha sofrido algumas alterações frente ao impacto do infarto, por exemplo: aumento da divisão de tarefas domésticas, homens tornaram-se mais caseiros, mulheres começaram a participar da administração financeira, maior aproximação afetiva entre o casal. Tais considerações apontam que a ocorrência do infarto foi avaliada positivamente pelas mulheres em função das alterações de papéis e negativamente pelos homens frente às limitações e dependência.

Mulheres (in)subordinadas : o empoderamento feminino e suas repercussões nas ocorrências de violência conjugal

Neste trabalho, explora-se o modo como a compreensão e o desempenho dos papéis de gênero se relacionam às ocorrências de violência (física, psicológica e sexual) dos maridos contra as esposas. Quatro mulheres que apresentaram queixa na Delegacia de Defesa da Mulher contra as agressões físicas perpetradas por seus parceiros e que conviviam com eles foram entrevistadas utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista, que recolheu dados pessoais e informações a respeito das concepções sobre homem, mulher e relacionamento conjugal/afetivo. As entrevistas foram processadas pelo software Alceste, sendo a Análise de Conteúdo utilizada para complementar a análise. Os dados revelam a coexistência de concepções tradicionais de gênero com ações de insubordinação dessas mulheres (trabalho assalariado, amizades, questionamento da vida sexual). Esses aspectos, sinalizadores do empoderamento das mulheres, relacionam-se à agressividade dos parceiros que, excluídos dos debates feministas e buscando proteger sua masculinidade, usam a violência para suprimir as manifestações femininas de poder.

A Communication Intervention for Training Southern European Oncologists to Recognize Psychosocial Morbidity in Cancer. I - Development of the Model and Preliminary Results on Physicians' Satisfaction

BACKGROUND: The detection of psychosocial distress is a significant communication problem in Southern Europe and other countries. Work in this area is hampered by a lack of data. Because not much is known about training aimed at improving the recognition of psychosocial disorders in cancer patients, we developed a basic course model for medical oncology professionals. METHODS: A specific educational and experiential model (12 hours divided into 2 modules) involving formal teaching (ie, journal articles, large-group presentations), practice in small groups (ie, small-group exercises and role playing), and discussion in large groups was developed with the aim of improving the ability of oncologists to detect emotional disturbances in cancer patients (ie, depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders). RESULTS: A total of 30 oncologists from 3 Southern European countries (Italy, Portugal, and Spain) participated in the workshop. The training course was well accepted by most participants who expressed general satisfaction and a positive subjective perception of the utility of the course for clinical practice. Of the total participants, 28 physicians (93.3%) thought that had they been exposed to this material sooner, they would have incorporated the techniques received in the workshop into their practices; 2 participants stated they would likely have done so. Half of the doctors (n = 15) believed that their clinical communication techniques were improved by participating in the workshop, and the remaining half thought that their abilities to communicate with cancer patients had improved. CONCLUSIONS: This model is a feasible approach for oncologists and is easily applicable to various oncology settings. Further studies will demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for improving oncologists skills in recognizing emotional disorders in their patients with cancer.

Development Process and Cognitive Testing of CARATkids - Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test for Children

Background: Allergic rhinitis and asthma (ARA) are chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways that often coexist in children. The only tool to assess the ARA control, the Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) is to be used by adults. We aimed to develop the Pediatric version of Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARATkids) and to test its comprehensibility in children with 4 to 12 years of age. Methods: The questionnaire development included a literature review of pediatric questionnaires on asthma and/or rhinitis control and two consensus meetings of a multidisciplinary group. Cognitive testing was carried out in a cross-sectional qualitative study using cognitive interviews. Results: Four questionnaires to assess asthma and none to assess rhinitis control in children were identified. The multidisciplinary group produced a questionnaire version for children with 17 questions with illustrations and dichotomous (yes/no) response format. The version for caregivers had 4-points and dichotomous scales. Twenty-nine children, 4 to 12 years old, and their caregivers were interviewed. Only children over 6 years old could adequately answer the questionnaire. A few words/expressions were not fully understood by children of 6 to 8 years old. The drawings illustrating the questions were considered helpful by children and caregivers. Caregivers considered the questionnaire complete and clear and preferred dichotomous over the 4-points scales. The proportion of agreement between children and their caregivers was 61%. The words/expressions that were difficult to understand were amended. Conclusion: CARATkids, the first questionnaire to assess a child’s asthma and rhinitis control was developed and its content validity was assured. Cognitive testing showed that CARATKids is well-understood by children 6 to 12 years old. The questionnaire’s measurement properties can now be assessed in a validation study.

Cancer Rehabilitation Indicators for Europe

Little is known of cancer rehabilitation needs in Europe. EUROCHIP-3 organised a group of experts to propose a list of population-based indicators used for describing cancer rehabilitation across Europe. The aim of this study is to present and discuss these indicators. A EUROCHIP-3 expert panel reached agreement on two types of indicators. (a) Cancer prevalence indicators. These were proposed as a means of characterising the burden of cancer rehabilitation needs by time from diagnosis and patient health status. These indicators can be estimated from cancer registry data or by collecting data on follow-up and treatments for samples of cases archived in cancer registries. (b) Indicators of rehabilitation success. These include: return to work, quality of life, and satisfaction of specific rehabilitation needs. Studies can be performed to estimate these indicators in individual countries, but to obtain comparable data across European countries it will be necessary to administer a questionnaire to randomly selected samples of patients from population-based cancer registry databases. However, three factors complicate questionnaire studies: patients may not be aware that they have cancer; incomplete participation in surveys could lead to bias; and national confidentiality laws in some cases prohibit cancer registries from approaching patients. Although these studies are expensive and difficult to perform, but as the number of cancer survivors increases, it is important to document their needs in order to provide information on cancer control.

Impacto da Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca na Qualidade de Vida em Doentes com Insuficiência Cardíaca Congestiva Refractária

A terapêutica de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC), associada ou não a cardioversor-desfibrilhador, está recomendada no tratamento de doentes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC) refractária e disfunção sistólica grave do ventrículo esquerdo, com evidência de dessíncronia. Objectivo: avaliar o impacto da TRC na qualidade de vida de doentes com ICC refractária ao tratamento farmacológico optimizado.

The Role of Psychological Adjustment in the Decision-Making Process for Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: This study's objective was to evaluate the role of psychological adjustment in the decision-making process to have an abortion and explore individual variables that might influence this decision. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we sequentially enrolled 150 women who made the decision to voluntarily terminate a pregnancy in Maternity Dr. Alfredo da Costa, in Lisbon, Portugal, between September 2008 and June 2009. The instruments were the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), Satisfaction with Social Support Scale (SSSS), Emotional Assessment Scale (EAS), Decision Conflict Scale (DCS), and Beliefs and Values Questionnaire (BVQ). We analyzed the data using Student's T-tests, MANOVA, ANOVA, Tukey's post-hoc tests and CATPCA. Statistically significant effects were accepted for p<0.05. RESULTS: The participants found the decision difficult and emotionally demanding, although they also identified it as a low conflict decision. The prevailing emotions were sadness, fear and stress; but despite these feelings, the participants remained psychologically adjusted in the moment they decided to have an abortion. The resolution to terminate the pregnancy was essentially shared with supportive people and it was mostly motivated by socio-economic issues. The different beliefs and values found in this sample, and their possible associations are discussed. CONCLUSION: Despite high levels of stress, the women were psychologically adjusted at the time of making the decision to terminate the pregnancy. However, opposing what has been previously reported, the women presented high levels of sadness and fear, showing that this decision was hard to make, triggering disruptive emotions.