Riscos psicossociais no trabalho: estresse e estratégias de coping em enfermeiros em oncologia

Objetivo: identificar fontes de estresse e estratégias de coping em enfermeiros que exercem funções em três Serviços de Oncologia de Cirurgia Cabeça e Pescoço, de três hospitais centrais de Portugal. Método: estudo transversal, de carácter descritivo e exploratório, cuja amostra foi constituída pelos 96 enfermeiros dos três serviços. Na recolha de dados, foram utilizados: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Questionário de Saúde Geral-12, Inventário de Estressores Ocupacionais e Brief COPE. Resultados: verificaram-se níveis razoáveis de saúde geral. Os estressores mais referidos foram: sobrecarga de trabalho, baixa remuneração salarial, espaço físico onde se desenvolve a profissão, situações emocionalmente perturbadoras e falta de reconhecimento da profissão. As estratégias de coping mais utilizadas foram: planeamento, coping ativo, aceitação e autodistração. Conclusão: os estressores identificados relacionam-se principalmente a aspetos organizacionais e condições de trabalho, e as estratégias de coping escolhidas estão direcionadas para a resolução de problemas e melhoria do bemestar dos enfermeiros. Percentagem expressiva de enfermeiros apresentou níveis elevados de pressão e emoções deprimidas. Os resultados apresentados corroboram estudos anteriores que alertam para a importância do desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção dos níveis de estresse.

Burnout e Coping nos enfermeiros de pediatria, oncologia e psiquiatria

Introdução: Esta investigação, denominada de Burnout e Coping nos enfermeiros foi desenvolvida na área de Pediatria, Oncologia e Psiquiatria em contexto de Mestrado de Saúde Mental na Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Sendo eu enfermeira a exercer funções na área de saúde mental pareceu-me interessante investir na temática do burnout, e mais especificamente nos enfermeiros, por ser a classe profissional à qual pertenço, as áreas escolhidas para este estudo foram-no pelo conhecimento da expressão manifesta de colegas a exercerem nessas áreas, facto esse confirmado pela literatura existente de Cristina Maslach. De forma a perceber a complexidade da temática introduziram-se as variáveis do apoio social e as estratégias de resolução de problemas. Apesar dos diversos estudos realizados na problemática do burnout, no entanto é ainda difícil definir a influência de algumas variáveis intervenientes neste síndroma e a forma como lidar e prevenir esta situação apresenta-se algo limitada. Esta tese foi organizada em três partes, uma primeira para o enquadramento teórico, na segunda apresenta-se a metodologia utilizada nesta investigação e a terceira é constituída pelos resultados, conclusões e discussão. No enquadramento teórico são desenvolvidos três temas intervenientes nesta investigação: o burnout, o apoio social e o coping, sendo o burnout apresentado de uma forma mais aprofundada visto ser o pilar deste estudo. Na secção da metodologia é apresentado o problema da investigação, nas suas diferentes vertentes, justificação, objectivos e hipóteses; são descritas também as características da população, as variáveis da investigação, os instrumentos de análise, o procedimento de recolha dos dados e os aspectos éticos. A terceira parte é constituída pela apresentação dos resultados: a caracterização da amostra, as características psicométricas dos instrumentos de avaliação e os dados descritivos dos mesmos, a análise entre as variáveis de estudo e o estudo das hipóteses.

Exploration des changements identitaires : le cas des travailleuses sociales ayant immigré au Québec

Les travailleurs sociaux immigrants vivent plusieurs défis après l’obtention de la reconnaissance de leurs acquis au Québec par l’Ordre des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec (OTSTCFQ. À partir de données extraites d’entretiens menés dans le cadre d’une recherche de plus grande envergure dirigée par Pullen-Sansfaçon, Brown et Graham (Recherche qualitative sur l'expérience des migrants et leur adaptation professionnelle dans la pratique du travail social au Canada, 2012-2015), nous explorons le sentiment d’identité professionnelle vécu par 9 travailleuses sociales immigrantes à Montréal. Ce sentiment apparaît comme l’actualisation de leurs valeurs et de leurs acquis professionnels dans leurs nouveaux rôles et leurs pratiques professionnelles. L’analyse des données permet de dégager divers thèmes en lien avec l’identité professionnelle de ces travailleuses sociales immigrantes. Nous avons pu relever de leurs propos que, depuis leur immigration, divers changements ont effectivement eu lieu au niveau de leurs pratiques professionnelles, voire de leur vision de la profession. Elles ont dû faire face à plusieurs défis liés à l’identité professionnelle, notamment en ce qui concerne la reconnaissance professionnelle et la langue. Trois éléments ont en effet formé la pierre angulaire des changements que ces travailleuses sociales ont vécus dans leur identité professionnelle depuis leur immigration : les valeurs, la question de la langue et la reconnaissance de leurs qualifications.

Expectativas, locus de controlo e auto-eficácia face à actual crise : uma realidade em estudantes universitários

O objectivo principal desta dissertação foi estudar a questão das expectativas de empregabilidade em estudantes universitários, no contexto actual de dificuldades do mercado de trabalho. Serão também abordados os conceitos de Locus de Controlo e a Auto-Eficácia, como variavéis determinantes neste processo. Foi feito um estudo com 141 participantes, dos quais 48 são alunos que frequentam a licenciatura e 93 frequentam o mestrado, os quais responderam a um questionário que incluía abordagens face à empregabilidade actual, à procura de emprego na área de formação e à visão global de um emprego. Os resultados vão ao encontro das hipóteses formuladas e acabam por traduzir que mesmo perante o panorama actual de dificuldades, os jovens não desistem e pretendem conseguir um emprego na sua área de formação.

Emprego industrial no pólo industrial de Manaus na década de 90: expectativas, resultados e possibilidades

A década de 90 representou significativas mudanças no panorama político econômico brasileiro, especificamente no projeto de desenvolvimento regional denominado Zona Franca de Manaus. Esse projeto foi concebido, primordialmente para integrar essa imensa região Amazônica ao restante do Brasil, em termos de complexa ordem geopolítica dominante nos anos 60. A análise que objetiva essa dissertação trata da evolução do emprego industrial no Pólo Industrial de Manaus na década de 90, com a conotação de expectativas, resultados e possibilidades. A implementação do projeto Zona Franca de Manaus, no que concerne seu Pólo Industrial permitiu que contingentes de mão-de-obra abundante na capital do Estado do Amazonas, tivesse a oportunidade de inserir-se no mercado de trabalho do processo de industrialização moderna. Todavia, essa mão-de-obra abundante não estava preparada para o que as indústrias demandavam, sendo necessários intensivos programas de adequação profissional para que possibilitasse o aproveitamento em processos produtivos de linhas de montagem. o Pólo Industrial de Manaus, apesar de todas as mudanças havidas na economia brasileira no período analisado, obteve significativos alcance de competências na capacitação desse contingente de trabalhadores que foram absorvidos, quando o paradigma da intensividade do fator trabalho imperava no Pólo. Entretanto, o processo de mudança que a globalização econômica e industrial provocou no sistema de produção global, trouxe para o modelo industrial da Zona Franca de Manaus acelerada mudança desse paradigma, resultando variações na demanda por mão-de-obra e acarretando significativo desemprego estrutural. É desse contexto de mudanças que trata o estudo apresentado, analisando a evolução das variáveis que influenciaram no nível de emprego industrial e no mercado de trabalho, as expectativas de novos perfis e as demandas específicas que o novo paradigma de capital intensivo, adotado pelas empresas de classe mundial desse Pólo exigem.

Repetitive behaviours in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: tics, compulsions, or both?

Background Repetitive behaviours (RB) in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) are frequent. However, a controversy persists whether they are manifestations of obssessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or correspond to complex tics. Methods 166 consecutive patients with GTS aged 15–68 years were recruited and submitted to extensive neurological, psychiatric and psychological evaluations. RB were evaluated by the YBOCS symptom checklist and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I), and classified on the basis of a semi-directive psychiatric interview as compulsions or tics. Results RB were present in 64.4% of patients with GTS (107/166) and categorised into 3 major groups: a ‘tic-like’ group (24.3%–40/166) characterised by RB such as touching, counting, ‘just right’ and symmetry searching; an ‘OCD-like’ group (20.5%–34/166) with washing and checking rituals; and a ‘mixed’ group (13.2%–22/166) with both ‘tics-like’ and ‘OCD-like’ types of RB present in the same patient. In 6.3% of patients, RB could not be classified into any of these groups and were thus considered ‘undetermined’. Conclusions The results confirm the phenomenological heterogeneity of RB in GTS patients and allows to distinguish two types: tic-like behaviours which are very likely an integral part of GTS; and OCD-like behaviours, which can be considered as a comorbid condition of GTS and were correlated with higher score of complex tics, neuroleptic and SSRIs treatment frequency and less successful socio-professional adaptation. We suggest that a meticulous semiological analysis of RB in GTS patients will help to tailor treatment and allow to better classify patients for future pathophysiologic studies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00169351

Travailleuses sociales diplômées à l’étranger : les enjeux du transfert de leurs connaissances au contexte de pratique montréalais

Les travailleurs sociaux font partie des professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux, de plus en plus nombreux, qui choisissent d’immigrer au Québec afin d’y vivre et d’y poursuivre leur carrière. La reconnaissance des diplômes obtenus à l’étranger et l’obtention d’un permis de pratique délivré par l’Ordre des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec constituent un passage obligé afin d’exercer la profession en contexte québécois. Une fois ces étapes franchies, les travailleurs sociaux immigrants disposent de connaissances acquises dans leur pays d’origine pour intervenir dans un nouvel univers professionnel et culturel. Prenant la forme d’un mémoire par articles et prenant appui sur les données obtenues dans le cadre d’une recherche qualitative pancanadienne sur l’adaptation professionnelle des travailleurs sociaux issus de l’immigration (Pullen Sansfaçon, Brown et Graham, CRSH 2011-2012, CRSH 2012- 2015), ce mémoire explore les enjeux inhérents au transfert des connaissances, des expériences professionnelles et des valeurs acquises à l’étranger vers un contexte de pratique québécois. L’expérience vécue par 26travailleuses sociales immigrantes, diplômées à l’étranger et pratiquant actuellement dans la grande région montréalaise, a permis de rendre compte des aspects transférables ou moins transférables du travail social. Ainsi, la mission et les valeurs du travail social, les expériences professionnelles, les connaissances théoriques et les habiletés cliniques apparaissent comme des connaissances se transférant bien au-delà des frontières nationales. Par contre, le récit des participantes indique que les connaissances relatives aux lois, aux politiques sociales, aux procédures organisationnelles et à la langue se transfèrent plus difficilement, ce qui peut générer certaines lacunes dans un contexte de pratique différent de celui où la formation en travail social a été obtenue. Dans ce contexte, il ressort que la contribution des milieux de pratique et le soutien des collègues de travail sont des éléments centraux favorisant l’acquisition de connaissances locales.

Travailleuses sociales diplômées à l’étranger : les enjeux du transfert de leurs connaissances au contexte de pratique montréalais

Les travailleurs sociaux font partie des professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux, de plus en plus nombreux, qui choisissent d’immigrer au Québec afin d’y vivre et d’y poursuivre leur carrière. La reconnaissance des diplômes obtenus à l’étranger et l’obtention d’un permis de pratique délivré par l’Ordre des travailleurs sociaux et des thérapeutes conjugaux et familiaux du Québec constituent un passage obligé afin d’exercer la profession en contexte québécois. Une fois ces étapes franchies, les travailleurs sociaux immigrants disposent de connaissances acquises dans leur pays d’origine pour intervenir dans un nouvel univers professionnel et culturel. Prenant la forme d’un mémoire par articles et prenant appui sur les données obtenues dans le cadre d’une recherche qualitative pancanadienne sur l’adaptation professionnelle des travailleurs sociaux issus de l’immigration (Pullen Sansfaçon, Brown et Graham, CRSH 2011-2012, CRSH 2012- 2015), ce mémoire explore les enjeux inhérents au transfert des connaissances, des expériences professionnelles et des valeurs acquises à l’étranger vers un contexte de pratique québécois. L’expérience vécue par 26travailleuses sociales immigrantes, diplômées à l’étranger et pratiquant actuellement dans la grande région montréalaise, a permis de rendre compte des aspects transférables ou moins transférables du travail social. Ainsi, la mission et les valeurs du travail social, les expériences professionnelles, les connaissances théoriques et les habiletés cliniques apparaissent comme des connaissances se transférant bien au-delà des frontières nationales. Par contre, le récit des participantes indique que les connaissances relatives aux lois, aux politiques sociales, aux procédures organisationnelles et à la langue se transfèrent plus difficilement, ce qui peut générer certaines lacunes dans un contexte de pratique différent de celui où la formation en travail social a été obtenue. Dans ce contexte, il ressort que la contribution des milieux de pratique et le soutien des collègues de travail sont des éléments centraux favorisant l’acquisition de connaissances locales.

Evaluation of professional knowledge and attitudes on dementia patient care: a trans-cultural adaptation of an evaluation instrument

Objective To describe the trans-cultural adaptation of the evaluation instrument entitled Atenció Sanitària de Les Demències: la visió de L' Atenció Primarià from Catalan into versions in Portuguese for doctors and nurses. This study evaluates the knowledge and perspectives of these professionals in their treatment of patients diagnosed with dementia in cases of primary care. Method The adaptation followed internationally accepted rules, which include the following steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, revision by a committee of specialists, and a test run with 35 practicing doctors and 35 practicing nurses in Brazil's Family Health Strategy (Estratégia Saúde da Família, or ESF in Portuguese). Results The translation, synthesis, and back-translation steps were performed satisfactorily; only small adjustments were required. The committee of specialists verified the face validity in the version translated into Portuguese, and all of the items that received an agreement score lower than 80% during the initial evaluation were revised. In the test run, the difficulties presented by the health care professionals did not reach 15% of the sample, and therefore, no changes were made. Conclusion The Portuguese translation of the instrument can be considered semantically, idiomatically, culturally, and conceptually equivalent to the original Catalan version and is, therefore, appropriate for use in Brazil.

Adaptation and validation in Spanish of the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ) with professional football players

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Adaptation of AHRQ patient safety indicators for use in ICD-10 administrative data by an international consortium.

Objective: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) developed Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) for use with ICD-9-CM data. Many countries have adopted ICD-10 for coding hospital diagnoses. We conducted this study to develop an internationally harmonized ICD-10 coding algorithm for the AHRQ PSIs. Methods: The AHRQ PSI Version 2.1 has been translated into ICD-10-AM (Australian Modification), and PSI Version 3.0a has been independently translated into ICD-10-GM (German Modification). We converted these two country-specific coding algorithms into ICD-10-WHO (World Health Organization version) and combined them to form one master list. Members of an international expert panel-including physicians, professional medical coders, disease classification specialists, health services researchers, epidemiologists, and users of the PSI-independently evaluated this master list and rated each code as either "include," "exclude," or "uncertain," following the AHRQ PSI definitions. After summarizing the independent rating results, we held a face-to-face meeting to discuss codes for which there was no unanimous consensus and newly proposed codes. A modified Delphi method was employed to generate a final ICD-10 WHO coding list. Results: Of 20 PSIs, 15 that were based mainly on diagnosis codes were selected for translation. At the meeting, panelists discussed 794 codes for which consensus had not been achieved and 2,541 additional codes that were proposed by individual panelists for consideration prior to the meeting. Three documents were generated: a PSI ICD-10-WHO version-coding list, a list of issues for consideration on certain AHRQ PSIs and ICD-9-CM codes, and a recommendation to WHO to improve specification of some disease classifications. Conclusion: An ICD-10-WHO PSI coding list has been developed and structured in a manner similar to the AHRQ manual. Although face validity of the list has been ensured through a rigorous expert panel assessment, its true validity and applicability should be assessed internationally.

Le trouble de l'adaptation, un diagnostic anodin ? : une étude comparative avec le trouble dépressif majeur

Résumé Le trouble de l'adaptation est un diagnostic très fréquent, mais étonnamment peu étudié et controversé. Il est, selon les études, considéré comme une forme mineure d'un trouble psychiatrique spécifique, comme une fragilité psychologique révélée par un événement stressant pour le sujet ou encore comme une forme précoce annonçant un trouble psychiatrique majeur. Ces trois points de vue ramènent en fait tous à la question de fond concernant son étiologie. L'objectif de cette étude est de montrer si le trouble de l'adaptation est un diagnostic clairement différencié dont l'existence est justifiée. Afin de tenter de répondre à cette question, il nous est apparu intéressant de comparer cette catégorie diagnostique à une autre catégorie diagnostique psychiatrique importante, le trouble dépressif majeur. Dans cette étude rétrospective nous avons sélectionné tous les patients avec un diagnostic de trouble de l'adaptation ou un trouble dépressif majeur parmi les patients hospitalisés à l'hôpital psychiatrique de Malévoz en Valais en 1993 (580). Elle est basée sur des diagnostics cliniques. Nous avons comparé leurs données socio-démographiques (âge, sexe, nationalité, état civil, activité professionnelle), leurs antécédents psychiatriques (hospitalisations antérieures, suivi psychiatrique ambulatoire, antécédents de tentamen), leurs hospitalisations ultérieures dans les 5 ans, leur hospitalisation actuelle (durée, tentamens, comorbidité) et les traitements médicamenteux prescrits (leur nombre et leur classe). Notre étude met en évidence certaines distinctions entre le trouble de l'adaptation et le trouble dépressif majeur: les patients souffrant de trouble de l'adaptation diffèrent des troubles dépressifs majeurs par le fait qu'ils sont plus fréquemment des hommes, célibataires et plus jeunes que ceux souffrant de trouble dépressif majeur; leur durée d'hospitalisation est plus courte, leur évolution entre les hospitalisations est meilleure et ils reçoivent moins de psychotropes. Nous ne pouvons cependant pas conclure à une distinction claire de ces deux catégories diagnostiques, ni que le trouble de l'adaptation n'est pas simplement lié à une moindre gravité. Nos résultats confirment par contre que ce diagnostic n'est pas non plus un diagnostic anodin (nombre élevé d'antécédents psychiatriques, de tentamens, d'hospitalisations psychiatriques ultérieures, importance des comorbidités de même que la lourdeur des traitements psychotropes prescrits (notamment la fréquence des neuroleptiques). A notre avis, les trois hypothèses étiologiques (forme mineure, trouble précoce ou fragilité psychologique spécifique révélée par un événement stressant) qui ont été évoquées peuvent être considérées comme plausibles suivant le point de vue que l'on choisit. Le diagnostic de trouble de l'adaptation révèle une des limitations de l'approche du DSM-Ill-R qui se veut athéorique. Le fait que dans sa définition même, le DSM-111-R évoque "qu'il faut souvent se référer au seul jugement clinique" le montre bien, un tel diagnostic renvoie inévitablement à une référence psychopathologique. Nous pensons qu'il est illusoire de vouloir se passer d'une telle référence qui elle seule permet d'appréhender justement la portée symbolique d'un événement donné pour un individu. Summary In this retrospective study we selected all the patients with a diagnosis of adjustment disorder (77) or major depressive disorder (125) among the patients hospitalised in the psychiatric hospital of Malevoz in Valais during the year 1993 (580). It is based on clinical diagnosis. Their social and demographic characteristics (age, sex, nationality, marital status, professional activity), their past psychiatric history (earlier psychiatric hospitalisations, ambulatory treatment and attempted suicide), their hospitalisations during the next 5 years, their index hospitalisation (length, attempted suicide, comorbidity) and their drug treatment (number and class of prescribed drugs) were compared. This survey confirms certain differences be-tween adjustment disorder and major depression disorder: patients suffering from adjustment disorder were more often men, not married, younger than those suffering from major depression; their hospitalisations were shorter with a better evolution between hospitalisations and they received less medication. However, the study does not allow to clearly distinguish between the two diagnoses or to conclude that adjustment disorder is not only a minor form of a specific psychiatric disorder. Yet it confirms that adjustment disorder is not a light diagnosis (importance of the psychiatric past, high number of past attempted suicides, rehospitalisations, number of comorbid disorders and weight of the prescribed psychotropic treatments among which neuroleptics were frequent). The three aetiological hypotheses that have been proposed (minor form of a specific disorder, specific psychological vulnerability revealed by a stress factor or precursor manifestation of a major psychiatric disorder) can still be considered as plausible. The diagnosis of adjustment disorder points to methodological limitations of the atheoretical approach of the DSM-III-R. The fact that, in its DSM-III-R definition, it is stated that the diagnosis of adjustment disorder has often to be based only on clinical judgment shows very well that such a diagnosis inevitably refers to a psychopathological theory. Indeed, the authors consider an approach without such a reference as difficult, a reference which remains the only way to appreciate accurately the symbolic weight of a given event for an individual person.

Challenge of transition in the socio-professional insertion of youngsters with neurodisabilities.

Objective: To evaluate the activities of patients with neurodisabilities and assess their insertion problems in the professional world. Methods: It is based on medical records of 267 patients (224 with neurodevelopmental diseases and 43 with neuromuscular diseases), aged 16-25 years, followed in the transition clinic of young adults in the neurorehabilitation services of a tertiary center. Results: Nearly half of them (46.8%) were in a protected environment, 37.08% studied and only 3.4% worked. Their studies are much longer and they are less in university than Swiss people of same age. The competitiveness criteria are no mental retardation and to be completely independent. Finally, 29.2% reported work problems, the foremost being the lack of adaptation in the workplace. Conclusion: These results highlight the need to increase the integration of young adults with neuromotor disorders in the labor market.

Adaptation and validation of the Spanish Version of the 'Survey Work-Home Interaction-NijmeGen' (SWING) to Spanish speaking countries

The purpose of this study is the adaptation and validation of the"Survey Work-Home Interaction NijmeGen" (SWING) developed by Geurts and colleagues to Spanish speaking countries (SWING-SSC). In order to analyze the questionnaire"s psychometric properties, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out with a sample of 203 employees from various Spanish-speaking countries. Criterion related validity was tested by examining correlations between the SWING-SSC, and the theoretically relevant variables: health, role conflict, role clarity and supervisor support. Finally, reliability was tested analyzing the internal consistency of the scales. The analyses carried out indicate that SWING-SSC has good psychometric properties. In addition, the present results support the relation of the construct with health, role conflict, role clarity, and supervisor support. This study offers evidence for a sound work-life balance measure that contributes to the encouragement adequate conditions in the workplace, to reduce the conflict between the two spheres of professional and personal life, and to enhance positive relationships.