11 resultados para PNLEM


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Dissolution representations in Chemistry textbooks: the case of PNLEM. In Chemistry education, so as in other sciences, the use of images is fundamental in the process of teaching and learning. By virtue of this, the textbooks can be a vehicle of such importance, therefore contributing with many images and representations. In this context, the present work has as objective to promote the analysis of the six books approved by the “Programa Nacional do Livro do Ensino Médio, (PNLEM)”, being the main subject of investigation, the dissolution phenomena. Although the recognized importance of opperate in the theoretical and conceptual level to understand chemistry phenomena, our results suggest the need of greater reflection concerning the emphasis attributed to this hability. And so, this paper has as purpose contributing in the reflection of the professor during the choice and use of the LDs and in the process of evaluation of the same.

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This paper presents an analysis of the content in acoustics present in physics textbooks recommended by PNLEM, which used the same criteria of evaluation from used by experts in the analysis of such books. In this way, we observed that such texts have evolved little in comparison with the textual presentations reviewed in 1998 and published in the journal Science and Education [1], which were analyzed ten physics textbooks for high school, among which the most commom, at the time, in Brazilian schools. Although we identified the inclusion of some aspects of the culture of sound and music, there are still several conceptual and historical distortions, besides the little importance has been given to links CTSA, among them, studies of soundscapes that, even, are mentioned.

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Este trabalho analisa os seis livros didáticos de química indicados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio em 2007 (PNLEM 2007), no que se refere a seus conteúdos de história da ciência. Para isso, partiu-se do instrumento de análise desenvolvido por L. Leite (2002), que foi adaptado para a presente investigação. Os resultados obtidos indicam, como tendência geral, que a história da ciência é apresentada nos livros didáticos de maneira linear e superficial, constando, sobretudo, de nomes e datas. Dessa maneira, concluímos que os conteúdos de história da ciência desses livros não contribuem para que os alunos desenvolvam uma imagem do empreendimento científico condizente com os objetivos educacionais da atualidade.

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PNLEM came out in 2004 and modified the view about schoolbook in Brazil. New perspectives pointed towards constitution of a more critical citizen as of an interdisciplinary and more contextualized teaching, made schoolbook understand these changes.But not always these alterations are checked up on by all means,because what we notice are adaptation of works have already known on market, where texts that are placed reveal environmental, socioeconomic, historical facts or daily phenomenon, or then scientific relevancy examples.We thus offer to analyse contents of chemical thermodynamics and physics for high school which are shown on schoolbook of chemistry and physics validated by PNLEM 2012, now called PNLD, studying the facts if these works bring these scientific sociocultural standpoint as well as their historical context,considering as analysis categories the following criteria: presentation of introduction, content contextualizing,presentation of concepts, thermodynamics historical context, representation in microscopic level and proposal of experiments.Eleven books were analysed,being five of chemistry and six of physics.So was applied a questionnaire with physics and chemistry teachers of high school to have an impression of their opinion about their teaching strategies and about schoolbook.This work grounded in orientations of legal documents about high school in Brazil (LDB,PCN,PCN+,OCEM) and in research on science teaching that regards specifically schoolbook and physics and chemical thermodynamics teaching.Were eleven books in number, only four denoted much coherence with new perspectives for high school, being two of chemistry and two of physics,whose concern about contextualizing and with a much integrated view of science to student s reality,indicating much social and critical character.The rest, when don t overlook,regard cultural and historical,socioeconomic contexts in isolated manner from presented concepts,aside from content

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos explicitar se e como a Bioética é tratada em Livros Didáticos de Biologia do Ensino Médio, bem como analisar de que maneira a abordagem do tema nestes livros contribui para que os estudantes possam conhecê-lo, tornando-se capazes de compreender e refletir, criticamente, sobre o assunto e suas questões no contexto contemporâneo. Para isso, investiguei livros propostos pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM), à luz de alguns pressupostos da Metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo. Balizei esta pesquisa em duas questões norteadoras, a saber: (i) O que se escreve sobre bioética nos livros didáticos de biologia? (ii) Com que frequência e intensidade este tema é apresentado nestes livros didáticos? Nesta perspectiva, para a primeira questão, as proposições dos livros que subjazem ao tema puderam ser enquadradas em duas grandes categorias: bioética médica e bioética holística. Essas categorias de maior amplitude puderam ser divididas em subcategorias relativas aos diferentes tópicos e aspectos (clonagem, células-tronco, etc.) que fazem parte do campo teórico da bioética, em relação aos quais procurei fazer algumas inferências a respeito dos conteúdos manifestos e explícitos nos livros selecionados, que expressam algum tipo de reflexão sobre a ética dos assuntos enfocados, analisando-os à luz de referenciais teóricos da bioética. A análise da segunda questão prescindiu de divisão em subcategorias, pois, de maneira geral, a bioética é escassa e demasiadamente superficial na forma como tem sido apresentada nos livros didáticos, deixando de suscitar reflexões por parte do leitor. A abordagem de temas de bioética na Educação Básica é essencial, uma vez que os impactos causados pelo desenvolvimento tecno-científico estão cada vez mais acentuados na sociedade e no ambiente. Dessa maneira, torna-se imprescindível que os livros didáticos de Biologia passem por uma intensa reformulação no intuito de serem pedagogicamente complementados para acompanharem as mudanças propaladas pelas novas diretrizes e bases do sistema educacional brasileiro que, pelo menos em teoria, preconizam ações da Educação, sobretudo, da educação escolar, voltadas para uma eficiente e eficaz formação ética e cidadã.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The study of solutions is considered very important to chemist’s education because most of the chemical reactions occur in aqueous medium, being also required to understand other subject such as chemical changes, electrochemical and chemical balance. Nevertheless, it is noticed that many students indicate learning difficulties related to the content of solutions, how to pass among the macro-submicroscopic knowledge levels, and how to solve quantitative problems that demanding the establishment of a stoichiometric ratios. This thesis defended considers the use of contextualized teaching strategies about some subject associated to the study of solution, can foster student learning through reflection and understanding of their own difficulties, besides to provide motivation and active participation. The target group is formed by students of the undergraduate distance education with major in chemistry education of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), and they were chosen because this education system is expanding and its learning difficulties publications number is reduced as well. Thus, the first methodological stage was to identify the student’s main learning difficulties associated to the study of solutions through literature sources. Next, using an adapted script of the Plano Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM, Textbook National Plan for High School), the approach of the content of solutions printed in educational materials used by the target group was analyzed. Afterward, a teaching unit was planned in the last methodological stage and, finally, a new teaching unite was given with a sequence of contextualized activities such as video presentation, dialogued lecture, questionnaires application, exercises, and an experiment, where the target group’s main difficulties related to learning of solution were identified. The participants of the teaching unit activities had some learning difficulties in understand concepts of compound, ion, charge, entropy and solubility, as well as to identify the ion charge, interpret statements, decode tables, use the chemical language, perform mathematical calculations and use concentration units, similar results raised in the literature sources. In order to work on these difficulties, these students were encouraged to expose, question and test their ideas about the phenomenon under study, allowing learn from their mistakes and reflect on the organization strategy of scientific explanatory models they use. Therefore, activities and information about learning difficulties presented in this thesis need to be critical reflection object, because it can help both students in the process of acquiring knowledge about the content of solutions and professors in the planning of their lessons.