Bending fatigue of stainless steel shear pins belonging to a hydroelectric plant

Coaracy Nunes was the first hydroelectric power plant in the Amazon region, being located in Araguari River, Amapa State, Brazil. The plant operates since 1976, presenting now a nominal capacity of 78 MW. The shear pins, which are installed in the turbine hydraulic arms to control the wicket gate and regulate the water flow into the turbine blades, suffered several breakdowns since 2004. These shear pins are made of an ASTM 410 stainless steel and were designed to break by a shear overload of 120 kN. Fractographic investigation of the pins, however, revealed two types of fracture topographies: a region of stable crack propagation area, with non-pronounced striation and secondary cracks; and a region of unstable propagation, featuring elongated dimples. These results indicated that the stable crack propagation occurred by fatigue (bidirectional bending), which was nucleated at machining marks under high nominal load. Finite element analysis was carried out using two loading conditions (pure shear and a combination of shear and bending) and the results indicated that the presence of a bending stress strongly increased the stress concentration factor (85% rise in the shear stress and 130% rise in the Von Mises stress). Misalignment during shear pins assembly associated with vibration might have promoted the premature failure of the shear by bending fatigue. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cell polarity in plants: a PARspective on PINs.

Plants have acquired the ability for organized multicellular development independent from animals. Because of this, they represent an independent example in nature for the development of coordinated, complex cell polarity from the simple polarity found in unicellular eukaryotes. Plants display a striking array of polarized cell types, with different axes of polarity being defined in one cell. The most investigated and best understood aspect of plant polarity is the apical-basal polarity of the PIN family of auxin efflux facilitators, which are of crucial importance for the organization of the entire plant body. Striking differences exist between the PAR-polarity modules known in animals and the ways PINs polarize plant cells. Nonetheless, a common regulatory logic probably applies to all polarizing eukaryotic cells, which includes self-reinforcing, positive feedback loops, intricate interactions between membrane-attached proteins, lipid signatures, and the targeting of transmembrane proteins to the correct domains of the plasma membrane.

"Docteur, j'ai mal et des fourmis dans les jambes le soir..." [Doctor, I have pain and pins and needles in my legs at night].

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a frequent chronic condition. It causes discomfort in the lower limbs with an urge to move the legs and sometimes paresthesias. It's frequently associated with sleep and mood disorders causing a significant impact on quality of life. There are four clinical criteria to diagnose it. Treatment includes management of reversible factors and if needed symptomatic treatment. Depending on symptoms severity, non-drug measures can be tried. First-line medication treatment should be dopaminergic agonists. Second-line treatments include, anticonvulsivants (gabapentine), benzodiazepine (clonazepam) or opioids based on predominant symptoms. Difficult cases should be referred to a specialist.

La descoberta del Jo. Programa individualitzat per a la incorporació social PINS

L’autoconsciència, la motivació, la empatia, el control emocional i les habilitats socials són cinc de les eines que configuren l’autoconeixement, sent aquest últim l’instrument bàsic per enfrontar-se al repte que suposa viure, des dels paràmetres de la Intel·ligències Emocional. De fet, l’autoconeixement és la clau del comportament per tal d’arribar a l’èxit. Èxit entès com a benestar i qualitat de vida. La importància que ha tingut incidir en aquest col·lectiu amb aquest tipus de praxis recau sobre els recorreguts vitals que les persones amb problemes de drogodependències han viscut, i sobretot, la manera en què els han viscut. Per aquest motiu, aquest projecte és un recurs concret que ha donat resposta a algunes de les necessitats detectades i ha proposat una línia de treball pedagògicament innovadora centrada en la persona; mantenint l’esperit de la flexibilitat i concreció a través del treball personal i grupal. Amb aquest projecte s’ha mostrat la importància del camp de l’educació emocional per a persones amb algun tipus de drogodependència, essent la primera part d’un programa per a la incorporació social que aborda una nova dimensió de treball en les Comunitats Terapèutiques.

Mode of interaction of the Gαo subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins with the GoLoco1 motif of Drosophila Pins is determined by guanine nucleotides.

Drosophila GoLoco motif-containing protein Pins is unusual in its highly efficient interaction with both GDP- and the GTP-loaded forms of the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric Go protein. We analysed the interactions of Gαo in its two nucleotide forms with GoLoco1-the first of the three GoLoco domains of Pins-and the possible structures of the resulting complexes, through combination of conventional fluorescence and FRET measurements as well as through molecular modelling. Our data suggest that the orientation of the GoLoco1 motif on Gαo significantly differs between the two nucleotide states of the latter. In other words, a rotation of the GoLoco1 peptide in respect with Gαo must accompany the nucleotide exchange in Gαo. The sterical hindrance requiring such a rotation probably contributes to the guanine nucleotide exchange inhibitor activity of GoLoco1 and Pins as a whole. Our data have important implications for the mechanisms of Pins regulation in the process of asymmetric cell divisions.

Kanta-asiakasohjelmien tulevaisuuden näkymät : Erityistarkastelussa PINS-etuohjelma ja Suomen Lähikauppa

Kanta-asiakasohjelmat ovat erittäin suosittuja ympäri maailmaa, ja erityisesti Suomessa kyseiset markkinat ovat mittavat. Ohjelmien suosio selittyy yritysten asiakkaiden kannattavuusjakaumalla, sillä pieni osa yrityksen asiakkaista tuo suuren osan tämän liikevoitosta. Lisäksi uusien asiakkaiden hankkiminen on yrityksille huomattavasti kalliimpaa kuin vanhojen ylläpito, minkä vuoksi kantaasiakasohjelmilla pyritään saamaan asiakkaat keskittämään ostoksensa tiettyyn yritykseen. Useinkanta-asiakasohjelmissa asiakkaita palkitaan kumulatiivisesti heidän ostokäyttäytymisen mukaan. Viimeisten vuosikymmenien aikana kanta-asiakasohjelmat ovat ottaneet suuren harppauksen paperisista kupongeista muovikortteihin, muta nyt mietitään, mihin suuntaan ohjelmat kehittyvät seuraavaksi. Vaikka kanta-asiakasohjelmien koetaan olevan murrosvaiheessa, ei aiheesta ole juurikaan tuoreita tieteellisiä tutkimuksia. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena onkin tarkastella kantaasiakasohjelmien tulevaisuuden näkymiä a) yleisesti ja b) tarkemmin erityisesti PINS-etuohjelman ja Suomen Lähikaupan näkökulmasta. Tutkimusongelmaa on lähestytty laadullisin keinoin teemahaastattelulla, johon osallistui seitsemän kanta-asiakasmarkkinoinnin asiantuntijaa. Aineiston analysointimenetelmänä käytettiin sisällönanalyysia, jonka avulla on selvitetty kanta-asiakasohjelmien kehitystrendejä sekä haasteita kehityksessä. Tutkimuksen keskeiset tulokset osoittavat, että tulevaisuudessa kanta-asiakasohjelmissa korostuu entisestään paremman asiakaskokemuksen tuottaminen. Merkittäviä tulevaisuuteen vaikuttavia megatrendejä ovat puolestaan digitalisaatio, individualismi sekä viihteellistyminen. Näihin liittyviä kehitystrendejä ovat datalähtöisyys, mobiili, sosiaalinen media, palvelullistuminen, personointi ja pelillistäminen. Sen sijaan, haasteet kanta-asiakasohjelmien kehityksessä voivat liittyä niin ohjelmien rakenteeseen, megatrendeihin kuin kulttuurisiin seikkoihin. Haasteita on tarkasteltu yritysten ja kuluttajien näkökulmasta mahdollisimman kokonaisvaltaisen kuvan saamiseksi. Esimerkiksi digitalisaatiolle ominainen nopea kehityksen tahti koventaa kuluttajien odotuksia, mutta vaikeuttaa yritysten kykyä vastata näihin. Myös ohjelmarakenteen yksinkertaisuus, resurssikysymykset sekä tietosuoja-asiat nähdään haasteellisina. PINS-etuohjelman ja Suomen Lähikaupan osalta tutkimustulokset syventyvät tarkemmin koalitio-ohjelmiin ja päivittäistavara-alaan. Esimerkiksi moniulotteisuus datan käsittelyssä ja analysoinnissa korostuu koalitio-ohjelmien osalta kehityssuunnissa. Sen sijaan haasteisiin nousee vaikeus saada asiakkaita asioimaan koalitio-ohjelman usealla eri kumppanilla, korostunut ohjelmarakenteen monimutkaisuus sekä kaikkien eri kumppaniyritysten strategioiden ja ideoiden yhteensovittaminen.

Receipt from Tiffany and Co., New York for repairing 2 lace pins

Receipt from Tiffany and Co., New York for repairing 2 lace pins, Oct. 24, 1884.

Teniu cura dels vostres pins : la processionària del pi. 'Cuidad vuestros pinos : la procesionaria del pino'.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Teniu cura dels vostres pins. 'Vigilad vuestros pinos'.

La campaña educativa Vigilad los pinos se preparó para dar a conocer uno de los problemas más graves que afectaban a la calidad de los pinares y de los pinos de los jardines y patios: la procesioraria del pino. En este folleto se encuentran muchos datos sobre esta especie, su vida y costumbres, como se defiende, de qué se alimenta y cómo puede afectar a los seres humanos. También se recogen algunos aspectos de la lucha contra la plaga. Igualmente cuenta con diapositivas ilustrativas y una ficha para el alumnado.

L'educaci?? conjunta entre infants : sords i o??dors a l'Escola Tres Pins. 'La educaci??n conjunta entre ni??os : sordos y oidores en la Escola Tres Pins'

Resumen basado en el del autor. Resumen en catal??n

Bioabsorbable pins for treatment of osteochondral fractures of the knee after acute patella dislocation in children and young adolescents

A retrospective study was performed on the use of bioabsorbable pins in the fixation of osteochondral fractures (OCFs) after traumatic patellar dislocation in children. Eighteen children (13 females, 5 males) aged 11 to 15 years (mean age 13.1 years) with osteochondral fracture (OCF) of the knee joint were treated at the authors' institution. Followup ranged from 22 months to 5 years. Diagnosis was verified by X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee and patella. In seven patients the osteochondral fragment was detached from the patella and in 11 it was detached from the lateral femoral condyle. All patients were subjected to open reduction and fixation of the lesion with bioabsorbable pins. Postoperatively, the knee was immobilized in a cast and all patients were mobilized applying a standardized protocol. Bone consolidation was successful in 17 of the 18 patients. Bioabsorbable pins reliably fix OCF in children and adolescents, demonstrating a high incidence of consolidation of the detached osteochondral fragment in short- and middle-term followup without requiring further operative procedures.

Flujo laminar: el cementerio de Igualada y los procesos elásticos en la arquitectura de Enric Miralles y Carme Pinós

La tesis Flujo Laminar, El cementerio de Igualada y los procesos elásticos en la arquitectura de Enric Miralles y Carme Pinós analiza la metodología que utilizan y desarrollan los arquitectos Miralles y Pinós en el proyecto del cementerio de Igualada. Enric Miralles y Carme Pinós comienzan a trabajar juntos en 1983, separándose siete años después. La producción arquitectónica que generan durante este periodo ha sido valorada y considerada por la crítica como una de las de mayor calidad en el último cuarto del siglo XX. Respecto a esta etapa de colaboración existen artículos dispersos que analizan de manera aislada algunos aspectos de sus proyectos. Sin embargo, no se han realizado estudios que analicen su metodología proyectual, sus herramientas, sus estrategias y sus diferentes conexiones y referencias. Tampoco se han analizado hasta el momento, cómo son sus procesos proyectuales, sus tiempos y sus objetivos. En este sentido, el proyecto del cementerio de Igualada será clave en la trayectoria del equipo. El tiempo extenso empleado en el proceso y la singularidad de la obra, además de otros factores del propio imaginario de Miralles y Pinós, marcarán a este proyecto como un punto de inflexión en su trabajo. La investigación plantea, en primer lugar, la descripción del contexto en el cual se comienzan a desarrollar los proyectos iniciales de Miralles y Pinós, además de los antecedentes que generarán la propuesta para el cementerio de Igualada. Seguidamente, se describen y analizan los apoyos y las referencias que los arquitectos utilizan en este proyecto, tanto las vinculadas a la cultura local como las atrapadas desde el imaginario universal. Por otro lado, el bloque central de la investigación aporta doce herramientas que construyen la metodología proyectual de Miralles y Pinós. Esta contribución se ha realizado desde el análisis y el cruce de los documentos originales del proyecto de Igualada y los escritos existentes de los arquitectos. Las herramientas aportadas son: deslizar, desplazar, repetir, enterrar, constreñir, oscilar, estirar, desenredar, desviar, rehacer, hendir y fluir. Todas ellas se describen, analizan e interpretan desde setenta y dos documentos esenciales extraídos del proceso de Igualada. Un último capítulo de conclusiones, define lo que se presenta en la investigación como una metodología propia de Enric Miralles y Carme Pinós, denominada procesos elásticos, en el que se describen sus cualidades y sus tiempos, a la vez que se presenta también una táctica empleada en el proyecto de Igualada denominada flujo laminar. ABSTRACT The thesis Laminar Flow, the Igualada cemetery and the elastic processes in the architecture of Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós analyses the methodology that the architects Miralles and Pinós used in the project for the Igualada cemetery park. Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós began to work together in 1983, and went their different ways seven years later. The architectural production they generated during that period has been valued and considered by critics to be among the greatest quality of production in the final quarter of the twentieth century. There is a scattering of articles about this period which give an independent analysis of some features of their products. However, there are no studies which analyse their project design methodology, their tools, their strategies and their different connections and references. Neither has there been analysis to date of the nature of their project design processes, nor of their times and their aims. Within this context, the Igualada cemetery project was key in the path to be trodden by the team. The great length of time used on the process and the singularity of the work, alongside other factors from Miralles and Pinós's personal imaginarium, were to mark this project as a turning point in their work. This research sets out, first of all, to describe the context in which the early projects by Miralles and Pinós began to be developed, as well as the background to the generation of their proposal for the Igualada cemetery. There follows a description and analysis of the resources and of the references that the architects used in this project, both those linked to local culture and those picked from the universal imaginarium. Furthermore, the central block of the research identifies twelve tools which make up Miralles and Pinós's project design methodology. This contribution has been performed on the basis of analysis and comparison of the original Igualada project documents and of writings extant by the architects. The tools identified are: slide, shift, repeat, bury, constrain, oscillate, stretch, untangle, divert, redo, groove and flow. They are all described, analysed and interpreted on the basis of seventy-two essential documents extracted from the Igualada process. A final chapter of conclusions defines what is presented in the research as a methodology which is specific to Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós, denominated elastic processes, describing their qualities and their times, along with the presentation of a tactic used in the Igualada project which is denominated laminar flow.