Direttiva PED: iter tecnico-procedurale ed elementi di analisi di rischio per la valutazione di conformità delle attrezzature e degli insiemi a pressione

Il presente elaborato ha ad oggetto la direttiva PED (Pressure Equipment Directive) relativa agli apparecchi a pressione. Tale norma è stata recepita in Italia con il D.Lgs. n. 93/2000 ed è entrata in vigore definitivamente nel 2002. Essa è finalizzata alla libera circolazione delle attrezzature a pressione nella comunità europea e ne disciplina la progettazione, la costruzione, l'equipaggiamento e l'installazione in sicurezza, definendo per ciascuna delle fasi sopra elencate quali siano i documenti da presentare, gli accorgimenti da rispettare e i controlli a cui sottostare. Il presente lavoro di tesi, svolto presso lo stabilimento di Ravenna di ENI Versalis, ha avuto l’obiettivo di individuare i punti di contatto fra quanto richiesto dalla direttiva PED e quanto solitamente emerge dall’applicazione delle tecniche per l’analisi di rischio, degli standard internazionali e aziendali e delle norme di buona tecnica. Il risultato del lavoro consiste nella definizione di un iter tecnico-procedurale standardizzato ad uso dell’utilizzatore delle attrezzature a pressione tramite la quale l’azienda possa procedere alla compilazione delle Note Tecniche destinate al fabbricante delle attrezzature stesse, secondo quanto richiesto dalla direttiva. Tali Note Tecniche devono contenere le indicazioni relative ai valori progettuali di temperatura e pressione e ai Requisiti Essenziali di Sicurezza (RES) che devono essere soddisfatti, permettendo così al fabbricante di poter svolgere una corretta analisi di rischio e all’utilizzatore di ottenere la massima sicurezza negli impianti. L’elaborato è strutturato come segue. Dopo il Capitolo 1, avente carattere introduttivo, nel Capitolo 2 vengono illustrate le principali novità introdotte dalla direttiva PED e descritti i punti cardine della procedura di valutazione della conformità richiesta per le attrezzature a pressione. Nel Capitolo 3 viene esaminata l’integrazione della direttiva PED con la direttiva Macchine e la direttiva ATEX. Nel Capitolo 4 sono descritte le principali tecniche di analisi di rischio che possono essere utilizzate per rispondere ai Requisiti Essenziali di Sicurezza (RES) richiesti in fase di compilazione della Nota Tecnica. Nel Capitolo 5 si fornisce una descrizione dettagliata dell’iter tecnico-procedurale messo a punto per la valutazione di conformità delle attrezzature e degli insiemi a pressione. Nel Capitolo 6 vengono illustrati ad uno ad uno i punti che devono essere presenti in una Nota Tecnica, ciascuno dei quali costituisce un Requisito Essenziale di Sicurezza. Nel Capitolo 7 viene approfondito uno dei Requisiti più critici, l’incendio esterno. Infine nel Capitolo 8 sono riportate le considerazioni conclusive.

High-Pressure Low-Temperature Locknut Cell For Both Electron-Paramagnetic-Res And Nmr-Studies To 10 Kilobars And 77-K

A locked high-pressure cell with working pressure range up to 10 kbars suitable for low-temperature studies to 77 K has been described. It can be used for both EPR and NMR studies of single crystals (and other solid samples). The high-pressure seal and all other aspects of the cell remain the same for either application. Only a change of the bottom plug is required for a switch from a nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) to an electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) experiment. Details of the procedure for the calibration of pressure inside the cell at various temperatures are discussed. The performance of the cell in EPR (Cr3+ion) and NMR (27Al nucleus) studies is reported.

Res Communis? A critical legal geography of outer space, Antarctica, and the deep seabed

This chapter provides a critical legal geography of outer Space, charting the topography of the debates and struggles around its definition, management, and possession. As the emerging field of critical legal geography demonstrates, law is not a neutral organiser of space, but is instead a powerful cultural technology of spatial production. Drawing on legal documents such as the Outer Space Treaty and the Moon Treaty, as well as on the analogous and precedent-setting legal geographies of Antarctica and the deep seabed, the chapter addresses key questions about the legal geography of outer Space, questions which are of growing importance as Space’s available satellite spaces in the geostationary orbit diminish, Space weapons and mining become increasingly viable, Space colonisation and tourism emerge, and questions about Space’s legal status grow in intensity. Who owns outer Space? Who, and whose rules, govern what may or may not (literally) take place there? Is the geostationary orbit the sovereign property of the equatorial states it supertends, as these states argued in the 1970s? Or is it a part of the res communis, or common property of humanity, which currently legally characterises outer Space? Does Space belong to no one, or to everyone? As challenges to the existing legal spatiality of outer Space emerge from spacefaring states, companies, and non-spacefaring states, it is particularly critical that the current spatiality of Space is understood and considered.

Electron-Paramagnetic-Res study of LiKSO4 in phase IV below -138 degrees C

A detailed single-crystal EPR study of phase IV of lithium potassium sulphate below -138 degrees C has been carried out using NH3+, which substitutes for K+, as the paramagnetic probe. The spin-Hamiltonian parameters have been evaluated at -140 degrees C and yield an isotropic g=2.0034; (AH)XX=(AH)YY=25.3 G and (AH)ZZ=23.8 G; (AN)XX=8.1 G, (AN)YY=21.2 G and (AN)ZZ=25.9 G. In this phase there are 12 magnetically inequivalent K+ sites and their occurrence is ascribed to the loss of a c glide.

Mutations in the Res subunit of the EcoPI restriction enzyme that affect ATP-dependent reactions

The Res subunits of the type III restriction-modification enzymes share a statistically significant amino acid sequence similarity with several RNA and DNA helicases of the so-called DEAD family. It was postulated that in type III restriction enzymes a DNA helicase activity may be required for local unwinding at the cleavage site. The members of this family share seven conserved motifs, all of which are found in the Res subunit of the type III restriction enzymes. To determine the contribution, if any, of these motifs in DNA cleavage by EcoPI, a type III restriction enzyme, we have made changes in motifs I and II. While mutations in motif I (GTGKT) clearly affected ATP hydrolysis and resulted in loss of DNA cleavage activity, mutation in motif II (DEPH) significantly decreased ATP hydrolysis but had no effect on DNA cleavage. The double mutant R.EcoPIK90R-H229K showed no significant ATPase or DNA restriction activity though ATP binding was not affected. These results imply that there are at least two ATPase reaction centres in EcoPI restriction enzyme. Motif I appears to be involved in coupling DNA restriction to ATP hydrolysis. Our results indicate that EcoPI restriction enzyme does not have a strand separation activity. We suggest that these motifs play a role in the ATP-dependent translocation that has been proposed to occur in the type III restriction enzymes. (C) 1997 Academic Press Limited.

RES-TOCSY: a simple approach to resolve overlapped H-1 NMR spectra of enantiomers

Chiral auxiliaries are used for the NMR spectroscopic study of enantiomers. Often the presence of impurities, overlap of peaks, line broadening and the multiplicity pattern restrict the chiral analysis in the 1D H-1 NMR spectrum. The present study introduces a simple 2D H-1 NMR experiment to unravel the overlapped spectrum. The experiment separates the spectra of enantiomers, thereby allowing the unambiguous assignment of all the coupled peaks and the measurement of enantiomeric excess (ee) from a single experiment even in combinatorial mixtures.

RES-TOCSY: A facile approach for accurate determination of magnitudes, and relative signs of (n)J(HF)

The RES-TOCSY experiment for accurate determination of heteronuclear (n)J(HF) is reported. The main feature of the proposed technique is the accurate measurement of magnitudes of heteronuclear couplings from the displacement of cross sections of the 2D spectrum and their relative signs from the slopes of their displacement vectors. The experiment is highly advantageous as the couplings of smaller magnitudes hidden within line widths could also be accurately determined, and also in situations when the spectrum does not display any coupling fine structures. The efficient utility of the developed pulse sequence is unambiguously established on fluorine containing aromatic and aliphatic molecules. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CH-RES-TOCSY: Enantiomers spectral resolution and measurement of heteronuclear residual dipolar couplings

A new 2D NMR technique cited as CH-RES-TOCSY, for complete unraveling the spectra of enantiomers and for the measurement of structurally important C-HRDC sis reported. The spectral overlap and complexity of peaks were reduced by the blend of selective excitation and homo-decoupling. Differential values of C-H RDCs of enantiomers (R and S) are exploited to separate the enantiomeric peaks. The complete unraveling of the spectra of both the enantiomers is achieved by incorporating a TOCSY mixing blockprior to signal acquisition. The additional application of the method is demonstrated for the assignment of symmetric isomers. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Repensando la articulación entre trascendencia y Res Publica

La Política de Plalón es recibida por la tradiclón ciceroniana como Res Publica. EStamos ante un cambio de época. En la época de Plalón, hacía falta señalar la trascendencia del Bien para fundar la justicia en la Polis. En la de Aristóteles, basta señalarlo como un "punto de fuga" hacia el cual tendemos. El mundo romano parece poner el énfasis en la Res.

STUDY ON THE PHENOMENA OF LASER-EXCITED POPULATION-CHANGE ON RES-ONANTLY TRANSITIONAL LOWER LEVEL AND ITS APPLICATION

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONLaser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry in hollow cathode discharge(HCD) has been widely used in the research field of laser spectroscopy in recent years. Similar to traditional method, information obtained in the researches was direct line nonresonance fluorescence arising from the resonantly transitional upper level. Attention has not been sufficiently paid to the phenomenon of population change on the resonantly transitional lower level due to laser irradiation of plasma in HCD,...

European Law and New Health Technologies ESRC End of Award Report, RES-451-26-0764

End of award report for the funded research seminar series of the same name.

Os trabalhos para casa no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico – conceções de alunos e professor

Relatório Final apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ensino do 1.º e do 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico