Toughening PA1010 with a functionalized saturated polyolefin elastomer

Polyamide (PA)1010 is blended with a saturated polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-cu-olefin copolymer (EOCP). To improve the compatibility of PA1010 with EOCP, different grafting rates of EOCP with maleic anhydride (MA) are used. The reaction between PA1010 and EOCP-g-MA during extrusion is verified through an extraction test. Mechanical properties, such as notched Izod impact strength, elongation at break, etc., are examined as a function of grafting rate and weight fraction of elastomer. It was found that in the scale of grafting rate (0.13-0.92 wt %), 0.51 wt % is an extreme point for several mechanical properties. Elastomer domains of PA1010/ EOCP-g-MA blends show a finer and more uniform dispersion in the matrix than that of PA1010/EOCP blends. For the same grafting rate, the average sizes of elastomer particles are almost independent on the contents of elastomer, but for different grafting rates, the particle sizes are decreased with increasing grafting rate. The copolymer formed during extrusion strengthens the interfacial adhesion and acts as an emulsifier to prevent the aggregation of elastomer in the process of blending. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Morphology, crystallization behaviors, and mechanical properties of PA1010/HIPS and PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends

The binary blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) with the high-impact polystyrene (HIPS)/maleic anhydride (MA) graft copolymer (HIPS-g-MA) and with HIPS were prepared using a wide composition range. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy according to the nature and content of PA1010 used. Compared with the PA1010/HIPS binary blends, the domain sizes of dispersed-phase particles in PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends were much smaller than that in PA1010/HIPS blends at the same compositions. It was found that the tensile properties of PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends were obviously better than that of PA 1010/HIPS blends. Wide-angle xray diffraction analyses were performed to confirm that the number of hydrogen bonds in the PA1010 phase decreased in the blends of PA1010/HIPS-g-MA. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/HIPS-g-MA blends.

Effect of compatibilization on the properties of HIPS/PA1010 blends

Blends consisting of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) as the matrix and polyamide 1010 (PA1010) as the dispersed phase were prepared by mixing. The grafting copolymers of HIPS and maleic anhydride (MA), the compatibilizer precursors of the blends, were synthesized. The contents of the IMA in the grafting copolymers are 4.7 wt % and 1.6 wt %, and were assigned as HAM and LMA, respectively. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the domain size of the PA1010 dispersed phase in the HIPS matrix of compatibilized blends decreased comparing with that of uncompatibilized blends. For the blend with 25 wt % HIPS-g-MA component, the T-c of PA1010 shifts towards lower temperature, from 178 to 83 degrees C. It is found that HIPS-g-MA used as the third component has profound effect on the mechanical properties of the resulting blends. This behavior has been attributed to the chemical reaction taking place in situ during the mixing between the two components of PA1010 and HIPS-g-MA. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

官能化聚烯烃弹性体增韧PA1010体系Ⅰ.力学性能及形态结构的研究

通过接枝马来酸酐 ( MA) ,实现了聚烯烃弹性体乙烯 -α-烯烃共聚物 ( EOCP)的官能化 ,建立了测定接枝率的方法。EOCP的官能化显著地改善了它与 PA10 10的相容性 ,实现了 PA10 10的增韧。膜抽提实验证实了原位共聚物的生成。扫描电镜 ( SEM)形态分析显示 ,弹性体的官能化显著地增强了弹性体与PA10 10之间的界面粘合 ,有效地抑制了弹性体粒子在共混过程中的聚集 ,使弹性体粒子更细小更均匀地分散于 PA10 10基体之中 ,导致了 PA10 10的脆韧转变

官能化聚烯烃弹性体增韧PA1010体系Ⅱ.结晶行为的研究

用 WAXD、偏光显微镜 (PM)及 DSC研究了聚烯烃弹性体乙烯 - α-烯烃共聚物 (EOCP)对 PA10 10结晶行为的影响。WAXD结果显示纯弹性体 (EOCP)和接枝弹性体 (EOCP- g- MA)对 PA10 10的晶型均不产生影响。PM观察则表明共混体系中 EOCP与 PA10 10的相互作用很弱 ,在 PA10 10结晶过程中 ,大部分 EOCP被排除在球晶之外 ;而接枝 EOCP与 PA10 10存在较强的相互作用 ,大量的 EOCP- g- MA作为成核剂 ,使 PA10 10球晶向细晶化方向发展 ,而且随弹性体含量的增多而加强。DSC分析证实了接枝EOCP以异相成核剂的方式促进了 PA10 10的结晶 ,尤其是促进了 PA10 10的高温结晶

Morphologies and physical properties of PA1010/HIPS/HIPS-g-MA ternary blends

The effect of the content of a copolymer consisting of high impact polystyrene grafted with maleic anhydride (HIPS-g-MA) on morphological and mechanical properties of PA1010/HIPS blends has been studied. Blend morphologies were controlled by adding HIPS-g-MA during melt processing, thus the dispersion of the HIPS phase and interfacial adhesion between the domains and matrices in these blends were changed obviously. The weight fractions of HIPS-g-MA in the blends increased from 2.5 to 20, then much finer dispersions of discrete HIPS phase with average domain sizes decreased from 6.1 to 0.1 mu m were obtained. It was found that a compatibilizer, a graft copolymer of HIPS-g-MA and PA1010 was synthesized in situ during the melt mixing of the blends. The mechanical properties of compatibilized blends were obviously better than those of uncompatibilized PA1010/HIPS blends. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components of PA1010 and HIPS-g-MA and good dispersion in PA1010/HIPS/HIPS-g-MA blends. Evidence of reactions in the blends was seen in the morphology and mechanical behaviour of the solid. The blend containing 5 wt % HIPS-g-MA component exhibited outstanding toughness. (C) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Rheological, thermal, and morphological properties of ABS-PA1010 blends

Noncompatibilized and compatibilized ABS-nylon1010 blends were prepared by melt mixing. Polystyrene and glycidyl methacrylate (SG) copolymer was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the interfacial adhesion and to control the morphology. This SG copolymer contains reactive glycidyl groups that are able to react with PA1010 end groups (-NH2 or -COOH) under melt conditions to form SG-g-Nylon copolymer. Effects of the compatibilizer SG on the rheological, thermal, and morphological properties were investigated by capillary rheometer, DSC, and SEM techniques. The compatibilized ABS-PA1010 blend has higher viscosity, lower crystallinity, and smaller phase domain compared to the corresponding noncompatibilized blend. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Preparation of the HIPS/MA graft copolymer and its compatibilization in HIPS/PA1010 blends

The graft copolymer of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) (HIPS-g-MA) was prepared with melt mixing in the presence of a free-radical initiator. The grafting reaction was confirmed by infrared analyses, and the amount of MA grafted on HIPS was evaluated by a titration method. 1-5% of MA can be grafted on HIPS. HIPS-g-MA is miscible with HIPS. Its anhydride group can react with polyamide 1010 (PA1010) during melt mixing of the two components. The compatibility of HIPS-g-MA. in the HIPS/PA1010 blends was evident. Evidence of reactions in the blends was confirmed in the morphology and mechanical behavior of the blends. A significant reduction in domain size was observed because of the compatibilization of HIPS-g-MA in the blends of HIPS and PA1010. The tensile mechanical properties of the prepared blends were investigated, and the fracture surfaces of the blends were examined by means of the scanning electron microscope. The improved adhesion in a 15% HIPS/75% PA1010 blend with 10% HIPS-g-MA copolymer was detected. The morphology of fibrillar ligaments formed by PA1010 connecting HIPS particles was observed. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

PA1010/66共聚物红外光谱研究

用红外光谱法研究了Pa1010/66共聚物氢键含量、N-H键伸缩振动力常数分布与组成的关系，发现66盐重量含量为40%时氢键含量最低，N-H伸缩振动力常数分布最宽，解释了PA1010/66共聚物热力学、结晶、机械等性能随组成改变而变化的原因.

PA1010/66共聚物的松弛行为

研究了PA1010/66共聚物在液氮温度与Tm之间的松弛行为与组成的关系发现不同的松弛温度及损耗因子随共聚物组成的改变而变化的趋势不同随66含量增加，Tγ总趋势下降，Tβ总趋势增加，Tα先下降后增加；tanδ(γ)·tan-1δ(α)和tanδtan-1δ(α)先下降后增加，tanδ(α)先增大后减小。66占50％时，Tγ、Tβ极大，Tα最小；tanδ(γ)tanδ(β)、tanδ(β)·tan－1δ(α)最小，tanδ(α)最大.

结晶 - 非晶界面对辐射效应的影响——异相成核结晶PA1010的辐射交联

尝试引入成核剂改变结晶ＰＡ１０１０的聚集态结构，讨论结晶－非晶界面对辐射效应的影响。用ＥＳＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＷＡＸＤ和凝胶含量测定的方法表征辐照结晶度相近但微晶尺寸（晶粒大小）不同的ＰＡ１０１０。结果表明，辐照的直接作用结果由于结晶表面积的差异而不同；但经退火消除自由基后，辐照的最终结果是相同的，说明辐射后效应主要来源于结晶表面，即结晶表面是俘陷自由基产生后效应的主要贡献者。

Morphology, mechanical properties and interfacial behaviour of PA1010/PP/PP-g-GMA ternary blends

Morphology, mechanical properties, and interfacial interaction of polyamide 1010/polypropylene (PA1010/ PP) blends compatibilized with polypropylene grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA) were studied. It was found that the size of the PP domains, tensile and impact strength of ternary blends, and adhesion fracture energy between two layers of PA1010 and PP were all significantly dependent on the PP-g-GMA contents in the PP layer. Correlations between morphology and related properties were sought. The improvements in properties have been attributed to chemical and physical interaction occurring between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Morphology, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of PA1010/PP and PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends

The modification of polypropylene (PP) was accomplished by melt grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on its molecular chains. The resulting PP-g-GMA was used to prepare binary blends of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and PP-g-GMA. Different blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) according to the nature and content of PA1010 used. Comparing the PA1010/PP-g-GMA and PA1010/PP binary blends, the size of the domains of PP-g-GMA were much smaller than that of PP at the same compositions. It was found that mechanical properties of PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends were obviously better than that of PA1010/PP blends, and the mechanical properties were significantly influenced by wetting conditions for uncompatibilized and compatibilized blends. A different dependence of the flexural modulus on water was found for PA1010/PP and PA1010/PP-g-GMA. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components and good dispersion in PA1010/PP-g-GMA blends. Thermal and rheological analyses were performed to confirm the possible chemical reactions taking place during the blending process. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Interaction characterization of PA1010/PP blends using PP-g-AA as compatibilizer

The morphology of polyamidelOlO/polypropylene blends was found to significantly depend upon the concentration of the compatibilizer[polypropylene-grafted-acrylic acid (PP-g-AA)]. A significant reduction in phase size was observed because of the interaction that existed between the PP-g-AA and polyamide. These interactions have been confirmed by several methods. The tensile mechanical properties and impact behavior of the prepared blends were investigated and correlated with scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the fracture surfaces. It was found that PP-g-AA as the compatibilizer has a profound effect upon the properties of the blends. This behavior is attributed to a series of chemical and physico-chemical interactions taking place between the two components.