102 resultados para Pédiatrie
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During the previous year, several changes occurred in paediatric patient's management. The new PALS recommendations redefine the rhythm and the rate between cardiac massage and ventilation as well as the indications for defibrillation. The choice of the test for Helicobacter Pylori depends on the age of the patient and on the clinical situation. New anti-hypertensive drugs allow to limit the progression of chronic renal disease with hyper-tension and/or proteinuria. The choice between immunoglobulins, steroids, splenectomy and rituximab to treat chronic thrombocytopenic purpura treatment is a therapeutic challenge. Finally, a new approach is presented for diagnosis and treatment of iron overload in chronic hemoglobinopathies.
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Thèse diffusée initialement dans le cadre d'un projet pilote des Presses de l'Université de Montréal/Centre d'édition numérique UdeM (1997-2008) avec l'autorisation de l'auteur.
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Essai critique présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de M.Sc. en service social
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Le déploiement optimal de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière, qui traduit la mise en œuvre du rôle professionnel, est essentiel à l’accessibilité, à la continuité, à la qualité ainsi qu’à la sécurité des soins, dont ceux dispensés aux enfants et à leur famille. Or, il semble que les infirmières éprouvent certaines difficultés à déployer pleinement leur étendue de pratique, ce qui pourrait également compromettre la satisfaction professionnelle, un enjeu majeur pour la rétention du personnel dans les organisations de soins de santé. Le but de cette étude est de mesurer l’étendue effective de la pratique d’infirmières en pédiatrie, ses déterminants et son influence sur la satisfaction professionnelle. Le cadre de référence, un modèle original développé dans cette thèse, prend appui sur la théorie des caractéristiques de l’emploi (Hackman & Oldham, 1974), le modèle tension-autonomie (Karasek, 1985), la théorie du rôle (Biddle, 1979) et les travaux de D’Amour et al. (2012) portant sur l’étendue de la pratique infirmière. Afin d’atteindre le but de cette étude, le modèle développé met en relation les caractéristiques du travail et les caractéristiques individuelles d’influence potentielle sur le déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière. Il présuppose également un lien entre l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et la satisfaction professionnelle. Un devis corrélationnel descriptif a été retenu pour cette étude. Une enquête par questionnaire auprès d’infirmières de cinq secteurs d’activités d’un centre hospitalier pédiatrique universitaire du Québec a été réalisée (N=301). Les associations entre les variables ont été examinées en utilisant des analyses bivariées, multivariées et un modèle d’équations structurelles. Les analyses effectuées révèlent une bonne concordance du modèle développé (ratio x²/dl= 1,68; RMSEA = ,049; CFI = ,985). Au total, le modèle explique 32,5 % de la variance de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et 11,3% de la variance de la satisfaction professionnelle. Les résultats font état d’un déploiement non-optimal de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière (3,21/6; É.T.= ,707). Les variables significativement associées au déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière sont: la latitude décisionnelle (β = ,319; p <0,01), la surcharge de rôle (β = ,201; p <0,05), l’ambiguïté de rôle (β = ,297; p <0,05), le besoin de croissance individuelle de l’infirmière (β = ,151; p <0,05) et le niveau de formation (β = ,128; p <0,05). Il est également démontré que l’étendue de la pratique infirmière est associée positivement à la satisfaction professionnelle (β = ,118; p <0,01). Une description plus détaillée des résultats de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière en fonction du niveau de formation et du poste occupé met en lumière que les infirmières bachelières ont une étendue de pratique significativement plus élevée (3,35; É.T =,746) que les infirmières collégiales (3,12; É.T =,669). L’occupation d’un poste de clinicienne est aussi associée à une plus grande étendue de pratique infirmière. Précisément, les infirmières qui occupent un poste d’infirmière obtiennent un score de 3,13/6 (É.T =,664) alors que le score des infirmières qui occupent un poste de clinicienne s’élève à 3,48/6 (É.T =,798). Cette étude innove en présentant un modèle de référence qui a le potentiel de générer des connaissances importantes en sciences infirmières en lien avec le déploiement optimal de l’étendue de pratique infirmière. Prenant appui sur ce modèle novateur, les résultats révèlent les caractéristiques du travail sur lesquelles il y a urgence d’agir afin d’accroître le déploiement de l’étendue de la pratique infirmière et par le fait même la satisfaction professionnelle.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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[ES] En el presente trabajo se estudiaron de forma transversal 235 niños con edades comprendidas entre los 2 y 14,9 años. El 6% de la muestra total presentó bajo peso, y el 17% sobrepeso u obesidad. Por lo que concluimos que los servicios de pediatría deberían tener un papel activo en el control y prevención de las alteraciones del estado nutricional.
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Severe primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are rare; their global incidence is comparable to that of childhood leukemia; they include more than 100 different entities. Clinical manifestations are: unusually severe or frequent infections or infections that do not respond to adequate treatment; an increased risk of certain malignancies; sometimes auto-immune manifestations. Delayed diagnosis and management of PID can lead to severe and irreversible complications or to death. PID can become manifest only in the adult; in common variable immune deficiency, the median age at diagnosis is between the 2nd and the 3rd decade of life. PID are often transmitted genetically; recent progresses in molecular biology have allowed more precise and earlier, including antenatal, diagnosis. Molecular treatment of 3 infants with a severe immunodeficiency has recently been achieved in April 2000. Those progresses were mostly based on the study of immunodeficiency databases. We present here the work of a Belgian group specialized in PID; meetings have started in June 1997. This group establishes guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of PID, adapted to the local situation. The elaboration of a national register of PID is also underway; this has to provide all guaranties of anonymity to patients and families. Such a register already exists at the European level; it has provided the basis for new diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities. The inclusion of Belgian data in this register should allow essential progresses essential for our patients.
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Since 1968, bone marrow transplantation became the first line therapy for selected metabolic and immunological hereditary disorders. Actually, advances in the supportive care in bone marrow transplantation and a better knowledge of the immunology of BMT complications has been associated with a better disease correction and an increase in long term survival. New approaches are under investigation and include: hematopoietic growth factors, enzymatic replacement and gene therapy. However at the present time BMT is still the only curative treatment for selected hereditary disorders.
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BACKGROUND: The etiologic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains challenging in children because blood cultures have low sensitivity. Novel approaches are needed to confirm the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae. METHODS: In this study, pneumococcal aetiology was determined by serology using a subset of blood samples collected during a prospective multicentre observational study of children <15 years of age hospitalised in Belgium with X-ray-confirmed CAP. Blood samples were collected at admission and 3-4 weeks later. Pneumococcal (P)-CAP was defined in the presence of a positive blood or pleural fluid culture. Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates was done with the Quellung reaction. Serological diagnosis was assessed for nine serotypes using World Health Organization validated IgG and IgA serotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). RESULTS: Paired admission/convalescent sera from 163 children were evaluated by ELISA (35 with proven P-CAP and 128 with non proven P-CAP). ELISA detected pneumococci in 82.8% of patients with proven P-CAP. The serotypes identified were the same as with the Quellung reaction in 82% and 59% of cases by IgG ELISA and IgA ELISA, respectively. Overall, ELISA identified a pneumococcal aetiology in 55% of patients with non-proven P-CAP. Serotypes 1 (51.6%), 7F (19%), and 5 (15.7%) were the most frequent according to IgG ELISA. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the serological assay allows recognition of pneumococcal origin in 55% of CAP patients with negative culture. This assay should improve the diagnosis of P-CAP in children and could be a useful tool for future epidemiological studies on childhood CAP etiology.
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A 2-month-old boy experienced cutaneous lesions that revealed an underlying severe, combined immunodeficiency (SCID). It is important to recognize cutaneous manifestations of primary immunodeficiency disorders, as they may provide the earliest clue to a defect in immune function.
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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In contrast to adults, Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children is reported as milder and ulcer disease as uncommon, but unequivocal data are lacking.
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Immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) domains are conserved structures present in many proteins in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. These domains are well-capable of facilitating sequence variation, which is most clearly illustrated by the variable regions in immunoglobulins (Igs) and T cell receptors (TRs). We studied an antibody-deficient patient suffering from recurrent respiratory infections and with impaired antibody responses to vaccinations. Patient's B cells showed impaired Ca(2+) influx upon stimulation with anti-IgM and lacked detectable CD19 membrane expression. CD19 sequence analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation resulting in a tryptophan to cystein (W52C) amino acid change. The affected tryptophan is CONSERVED-TRP 41 located on the C-strand of the first extracellular IgSF domain of CD19 and was found to be highly conserved, not only in mammalian CD19 proteins, but in nearly all characterized IgSF domains. Furthermore, the tryptophan is present in all variable domains in Ig and TR and was not mutated in 117 Ig class-switched transcripts of B cells from controls, despite an overall 10% amino acid change frequency. In vitro complementation studies and CD19 western blotting of patient's B cells demonstrated that the mutated protein remained immaturely glycosylated. This first missense mutation resulting in a CD19 deficiency demonstrates the crucial role of a highly conserved tryptophan in proper folding or stability of IgSF domains.
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Echovirus meningoencephalitis and polymyositis are classical complications of X-linked agammaglobulinemia (1). The treatment of meningoencephalitis is troublesome since intravenous (2), intrathecal (3) and intraventricular (4) administration of gammaglobulins have been reported successful, but failure also occurred in some cases (5). We report our experience of high dose intravenous treatment.