Discovering Hands - México

El modelo de Discovering Hands ha sido reconocido internacionalmente como un proyecto innovador que se ha expandido por diferentes países del mundo, como Austria, y se ha empezado a estudiar la propuesta en países como República Checa, India y Colombia. (Discovering Hands, 2016). Esto se debe a que no solo mejora el tratamiento de cáncer de mama, sino que también reduce los costos totales de tratamiento de la enfermedad y aumenta la fuerza laborar de los países donde esté presente. Al representar una gran oportunidad en diferentes aspectos, se quiso desarrollar un estudio de factibilidad del modelo de negocio en tres países de América Latina, Colombia –donde ya se encuentra en marcha un proyecto piloto liderado por la CAF en Cali - , Argentina y México. El presente trabajo consiste en dicho estudio de factibilidad, focalizado en México; por medio de este se buscaron tres cosas primordiales, conocer y estudiar el contexto del mercado y situación de salud en el país, analizar los datos recogidos, con el fin de proponer soluciones para disminuir una de las principales causas de muerte en el país. Actualmente en México el 52% de casos de cáncer de mama diagnosticados sucede en etapas tardías, aumentando el riesgo de muerte de los pacientes (Colima, 2013). Con el estudio se logró identificar una oportunidad potencial para Discovering Hands siendo su estrategia un recurso adicional para contribuir a mejorar el diagnóstico precoz de cáncer de mama en el país y debido a esto se presenta un modelo de negocio adaptable a las necesidades mexicanas

Living Our Lives on the Edge: Power, Space and Sexual Orientation in Cape Town Townships, South Africa

Much of social science literature about South African cities fails to represent its complex spectrum of sexual practices and associated identities. The unintended effects of such representations are that a compulsory heterosexuality is naturalised in, and reiterative with, dominant constructions of blackness in townships. In this paper, we argue that the assertion of discreet lesbian and gay identities in black townships of a South African city such as Cape Town is influenced by the historical racial and socio-economic divides that have marked urban landscape. In their efforts to recoup a positive sense of gendered personhood, residents have constructed a moral economy anchored in reproductive heterosexuality. We draw upon ethnographic data to show how sexual minorities live their lives vicariously in spaces they have prised open within the extant sex/gender binary. They are able to assert the identities of moffie and man-vrou (mannish woman) without threatening the dominant ideology of heterosexuality.

Substrate orientation effect on potential fluctuations in multiquantum wells of GaAs/AlGaAs

The photoluminescence (PL) technique as a function of temperature and excitation intensity was used to study the optical properties of multiquantum wells (MQWs) of GaAs/Al(x)Ga(1-x)As grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs substrates oriented in the [100], [311]A, and [311]B directions. The asymmetry presented by the PL spectra of the MQWs with an apparent exponential tail in the lower-energy side and the unusual behavior of the PL peak energy versus temperature (blueshift) at low temperatures are explained by the exciton localization in the confinement potential fluctuations of the heterostructures. The PL peak energy dependence with temperature was fitted by the expression proposed by Passler [Phys. Status Solidi B 200, 155 (1997)] by subtracting the term sigma(2)(E)/k(B)T, which considers the presence of potential fluctuations. It can be verified from the PL line shape, the full width at half maximum of PL spectra, the sigma(E) values obtained from the adjustment of experimental points, and the blueshift maximum values that the samples grown in the [311]A/B directions have higher potential fluctuation amplitude than the sample grown in the [100] direction. This indicates a higher degree of the superficial corrugations for the MQWs grown in the [311] direction. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Composition and orientation effects on the final recrystallization texture of coarse-grained Nb-containing AISI 430 ferritic stainless steels

Composition and orientation effects on the final recrystallization texture of three coarse-grained Nb-containing AISI 430 ferritic stainless steels (FSSs) were investigated. Hot-bands of steels containing distinct amounts of niobium, carbon and nitrogen were annealed at 1250 degrees C for 2h to promote grain growth. In particular, the amounts of Nb in solid solution vary from one grade to another. For purposes of comparison, the texture evolution of a hot-band sheet annealed at 1030 degrees C for 1 min (finer grain structure) was also investigated. Subsequently, the four sheets were cold rolled up to 80% reduction and then annealed at 800 degrees C for 15 min. Texture was determined using X-ray diffraction and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Noticeable differences regarding the final recrystallization texture and microstructure were observed in the four investigated grades. Results suggest that distinct nucleation mechanisms take place within these large grains leading to the development of different final recrystallization textures. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The influence of crystallographic orientation on the generation of multiple structural phases generation in Silicon by cyclic microindentation

A Raman scattering study on multiple phase generation in silicon submitted to successive Vickers microindentation cycles, in different crystallographic orientations, was performed. The microindentations were perfon-ned in a virgin single crystal (100)-oriented surface, in the [001] and [011] directions. The results indicated that the formation of multiple phases by cyclic microindentation may depend on the crystallographic direction and number of successive cycles: the onset of several different structural phases was detected after the third cycle for the [001] direction and only after 15 cycles for the [011] direction, indicating that there is a crystallographic orientation dependence for multiple phase generation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of the sidewall crystal orientation, HfSiO nitridation and TiN metal gate thickness on n-MuGFETs under analog operation

This work characterizes the analog performance of SOI n-MuGFETs with HfSiO gate dielectric and TiN metal gate with respect to the influence of the high-k post-nitridation. TiN thickness and device rotation. A thinner TiN metal gate is found favorable for improved analog characteristics showing an increase in intrinsic voltage gain. The devices where the high-k material is subjected to a nitridation step indicated a degradation of the Early voltage (V(EA)) values which resulted in a lower voltage gain. The 45 degrees rotated devices have a smaller V(EA) than the standard ones when a HfSiO dielectric is used. However, the higher transconductance of these devices, due to the increased mobility in the (1 0 0) sidewall orientation, compensates this V(EA) degradation of the voltage gain, keeping it nearly equal to the voltage gain values of the standard devices. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Determination of chemical shielding tensor of an indole carbon and application of tryptophan orientation of a membrane peptide

Using tryptophan C-13-enriched at the C-4 (C epsilon(3)) of the indole, the orientation of the C epsilon(3) chemical shift tensor relative to the C epsilon(3)-H dipolar axis was determined from the C-13 chemical shift/C-13-H-1 dipolar 2D NMR powder pattern. The principal values obtained were 208, 137 and 15 ppm with sigma(33) perpendicular to the indole plane, and sigma(11) (least shielded direction) 5 degrees off the C epsilon(3)-H bond toward C xi(3). The side off the C epsilon(3)-H bond was determined by comparing the reduced chemical shift anisotropies obtained by solid-state NMR and from molecular dynamics calculations of [4-C-13] tryptophans in gramicidin A aligned in phospholipid membranes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Nest site selection by a neotropical swarm-founding wasp: seasonal alternation of nest orientation

Nest orientation in social insects has been intensively studied in warmer and cooler climates, particularly in the northern hemisphere. Previous studies have consistently shown that species subjected to these climatic conditions prefer to select mostly southern locations where the nests can gain direct sunlight. However, very little is known on nest orientation in tropical and subtropical social insects. We studied nest orientations initiated by swarms throughout a year in a Brazilian swarm-founding wasp, Polybia paulista von Ihering (Hymenoptera: Polistinae). Swarms selected various orientations as nest sites, but there was a particular trend in that swarms in the winter period (May-August) preferred to build northward-facing nests. This preference is opposite from that of social wasps observed in the northern hemisphere. Colonies of this species can potentially last for many years with continuous nesting, but nesting activities of colonies during the winter are severely limited due to cool temperature and a shortened day length. Northward-facing nests are warmer through the gain of direct solar heat during the winter period; consequently, choosing northward-facing sites may be advantageous for swarms in terms of a shortened brood development and shortened time needed to increase metabolic rates during warm-up for flight.

Quantification of orientation of pore patterns in X-ray images of deformed clay

The use of X-ray imaging to assess variability in ceramic fabrication is common in archaeological studies aimed at examining ancient pottery technologies. In this paper, a method based on the measurement of individual pores orientation is presented. This method is successfully applied to ceramic specimens of known origin whose structure signified different deformation histories.

Biomechanical failure properties and microstructural content of ruptured and unruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are globally weaker than unruptured ones. Methods: Four ruptured and seven unruptured AAA specimens were harvested whole from fresh cadavers during autopsies performed over an 18-month period. Multiple regionally distributed longitudinally oriented rectangular strips were cut from each AAA specimen for a total of 77 specimen strips. Strips were subjected to uniaxial extension until failure. Sections from approximately the strongest and weakest specimen strips were studied histologically and histochemically. From the load-extension data, failure tension, failure stress and failure strain were calculated. Rupture site characteristics such as location, arc length of rupture and orientation of rupture were also documented. Results: The failure tension, a measure of the tissue mechanical caliber was remarkably similar between ruptured and unruptured AAA (group mean +/- standard deviation of within-subject means: 11.2 +/- 2.3 versus 11.6 +/- 3.6 N/cin; p=0.866 by mixed model ANOVA). In post-hoc analysis, there was little difference between the groups in other measures of tissue mechanical caliber as well such as failure stress (95 +/- 28 versus 98 +/- 23 N/cm(2); p=0.870), failure strain (0.39 +/- 0.09 versus 0.36 +/- 0.09; p=0.705), wall thickness (1.7 +/- 0.4 versus 1.5 +/- 0.4 mm; p=0.470), and % coverage of collagen within tissue cross section (49.6 +/- 12.9% versus 60.8 +/- 9.6%; p=0.133). In the four ruptured AAA, primary rupture sites were on the lateral quadrants (two on left; one on left-posterior; one on right). Remarkably, all rupture lines had a longitudinal orientation and ranged from 1 to 6 cm in length. Conclusion: The findings are not consistent with the hypothesis that ruptured aortic aneurysms are globally weaker than unruptured ones. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparative effects of ageing and dementia of the Alzheimer type on orientation of visual attention

Age-related changes and the effects of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) were investigated during a visual orienting attention task in which attention was pre-cued to one or other hemifields. Central cues were either valid, neutral, invalid or NoGo (inhibitory). The response time cost-benefit analysis showed a decreased benefit after valid cueing in the old compared with the young group with no change in the cost of invalid cueing. The older group were also slower over all cue types. These results suggest there is an age-related reduced ability to covertly orient attention in a visual hemifield before target onset. In contrast, the DAT group showed an increased response time benefit and showed a trend for a decreased cost in response time compared with controls. This was due to slowest response times after neutral cues. They also made significantly more response errors particularly following neutral cueing, and were less able to inhibit responses on NoGo trials than controls. The increased benefit and reduced cost found in the DAT group was interpreted as an impairment in dividing attention between left and right target locations.

Complex natural resonances of conducting planar objects buried in a dielectric half-space

A scheme is presented to incorporate a mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) using Michalski's formulation C with the method of moments (MoM) for analyzing the scattering of a plane wave from conducting planar objects buried in a dielectric half-space. The robust complex image method with a two-level approximation is used for the calculation of the Green's functions for the half-space. To further speed up the computation, an interpolation technique for filling the matrix is employed. While the induced current distributions on the object's surface are obtained in the frequency domain, the corresponding time domain responses are calculated via the inverse fast Fourier transform (FFT), The complex natural resonances of targets are then extracted from the late time response using the generalized pencil-of-function (GPOF) method. We investigate the pole trajectories as we vary the distance between strips and the depth and orientation of single, buried strips, The variation from the pole position of a single strip in a homogeneous dielectric medium was only a few percent for most of these parameter variations.