Particulate matter and organic compounds in snow, ice, and water of the Lazarev and Cooperation Seas

Integrated studies of particulate matter and organic compounds in surface waters and the snow-ice cover by means of geochemical (concentrations of the particulate matter, Corg, hydrocarbons, lipids, and chlorophyll a) and optical techniques were performed in the Southern Ocean and in the East Atlantic Ocean along the vessel's route: Africa - Antarctica - Africa - St. Petersburg. Correlations between studied compounds were found. It was shown that supply of pollutants affects not only concentrations but also proportions of the considered compounds. New data were obtained on the processes of accumulation of particulate matter and organic compounds under ice formation.

(Table 1) Carbon and isotopic composition of organic carbon in sediments from DSDP Leg 56 Holes

We have analyzed inorganic and organic carbons and determined the isotopic composition of both sedimentary organic carbon and inorganic carbon in carbonates contained in sediments recovered from Holes 434, 434A, 434B, 435, and 435A in the landward slope of Japan and from Hole 436 in the oceanic slope of the Japan Trench. Both inorganic and organic carbons were assayed at the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, in the same sample, using the Knopp technique and measuring evolved CO2 gravimetrically. Each sample was analyzed twice in parallel. Measurements were of a ±0.05 per cent accuracy and a probability level of 0.95. Carbon isotopic analysis was carried out on a MI-1305 mass spectrometer at the I. M. Gubkin Institute of Petrochemical and Gas Industry and the results presented as dC13 values related to the PDB standard. The procedure for preparing samples for organic carbon isotopic analysis involved (1) drying damp sediments at 60°C; (2) treating samples, while heating, with 10 N HCl to remove carbonate carbon; and (3) evaporating surplus HCl at 60°C. The organic substance was turned to CO2 by oxidizing it in an oxygen atmosphere. To prepare samples for inorganic carbon isotopic analysis we decomposed the carbonates with orthophosphoric acid and refined the gas evolved. The dC13 measurements, including a full cycle of sample preparation, were of a ±0.5 per cent accuracy and a probability level of 0.95.

Adsorção/dessorção do explosivo tetril em turfa e em argissolo vermelho amarelo

This paper presents the study of adsorption/desorption of the explosive tetryl (2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethyl-nitramine) in different matrices, such as in natura soil, roasted soil, humic acid of soil, in natura peat, roasted peat and humic acid of peat. The aim of the study is to evaluate the interaction capacity of those matrices with the explosive. The analytic technique used was HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), with UV-detection at 230 nm. The Freundlich isotherms were utilized for the mathematical treatment of the data. The results indicated that in natura soil and in natura peat (with organic substances) are excellent matrices for the retention of tetryl, adsorbing it and keeping it immovable, preventing it from contaminating the groundwater. The largest adsorption of the explosive ocurred in in natura soil, while the smallest desorption was observed in in natura peat. After the calcination of the matrices, the smallest adsorption was observed, indicating that the retention occurs in the organic substance.

Fate of peat utilization

Peat is an organic substance with the maintenance of a mineral part, what shows it as interesting object for studying. Both organic and mineral parts of peat find application in various fields of activity of the people. Antibacterial properties of peat are known since an antiquity. Today people have expanded a spectrum of application of peat to use of by-products of its processing for reception of rather ecologically harmless fuel. The master theses are focused on peat, as on ambiguous raw materials for processing and fuel manufacture. The purpose of theses to show how much widely applied peat, technologies on its processing and its influence on environment at all stages of its working out.

Obtenção e caracterização de nanopartículas de argilominerais

Natural nanoclays are of great interest particularly for the production of polymer-based nanocomposites. In this work, kaolinite clays from two natural deposits in the State of the Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba were purified with thermal treatment and chemical treatments, and characterized. Front to the gotten data, had been proposals methodologies for elimination or reduction of coarse particle texts, oxide of iron and organic substance. These methodologies had consisted of the combination of operations with thermal treatments, carried through in electric oven, and acid chemical attacks with and hydrogen peroxide. The Analyzers Thermogravimetric was used to examine the thermal stability of the nanoclays. The analysis indicated weight losses at temperatures under 110 ºC and over the temperature range of 350 to 550 ºC. Based on the thermal analysis data, the samples were submitted to a thermal treatment at 500 °C, for 8 h, to remove organic components. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that thermal treatment under 500 °C affect the basic structure of kaolinite. The BET surface area measurements ranged from 32 to 38 m2/g for clay samples with thermal treatment and from 36 to 53 m2/g for chemically treated samples. Thus, although the thermal treatment increased the surface area, through the removal of organic components, the effect was not significant and chemical treatment is more efficient, not affect the basic structure of kaolinite, to improve particle dispersion. SEM analysis confirms that the clay is agglomerated forming micron-size particles

Thermal behavior of residues (sludge) originated from Araraquara water and sewage treatment station

The number of the cities with canalized water and sewage treatment stations has increased lately and consequently having in mind the great concern on environment preservation and the quality of the water used by society. However, these stations are nowadays causing another kind of problem: a huge quantity of sludge as residue. Due to the implication of the residue on the environment and, consequently, to human life quality, performing of an accurate investigation about the components of such sludge, as well as the thermal stability of this residue in the environment become necessary. This paper presents a study on sludge from water and sewage treatment station, as well as the thermal characterization of residue. Such study was performed through FTIR, atomic absorption, thermoanalytical (TG/DTG, DTA) techniques, that made it possible to observe that the main components of the sludge are clay, carbonates and organic substance, presenting a low rate of metals and a unique thermal behavior since the sludge from the treatment station has a higher thermal stability.

Uso de lodo de estações de tratamento de água e de esgoto urbano como condicionador de solo, com ênfase nas propriedades físicas do solo

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Parâmetros químicos da solução de um solo fertilizado com lodo de esgoto em bananeiras irrigadas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (HPAs) em solo: validação de método e avaliação da influência da queima de cana-de -açúcar na região de Araraquara

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Conservação genética in situ de espécies arbóreas que ocorrem na transição da floresta estacional semidecidual e o cerrado em Selvíria – MS

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Valor nutritivo da leguminosa Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth como alternativa na suplementação alimentar de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental

Este trabalho foi realizado na Unidade de Pesquisa Animal “Senador Álvaro Adolpho” na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém, Pará, para avaliar o efeito de quatro níveis de substituição (25%, 50%, 75% e 100%) da leguminosa Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth, no consumo voluntário e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), energia bruta (EB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). O experimento foi de 14 dias de adaptação e sete dias de período experimental, utilizando-se dezesseis ovinos da raça Santa Inês, de dez meses de idade e média de 28 (± 2,44) kg de peso vivo, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. A substituição do quicuio-da-amazônia pela puerária na dieta influenciou o consumo voluntário e a digestibilidade aparente de todos os nutrientes, sendo descrito por função quadrática. Constatou-se um aumento quadrático nos consumos aparentes da FDN e FDA, contudo, com aumento do nível de leguminosa na dieta, foram observadas diminuições significativas nos teor de FDN quando foi fornecido o nível de 75%. A utilização da leguminosa Pueraria phaseoloides, proporciona maior disponibilidade de matéria seca na forragem e elevação do valor nutritivo, principalmente, proteína na dieta, promovendo aumento da produtividade animal. Níveis de substituição de P. phaseoloides, em torno de 100%, possibilitam maior consumo da matéria seca, matéria orgânica, PB e EB, enquanto que, o nível de 75% permite maior consumo das frações fibrosas.

Variabilidade espacial de atributos de solo e produtividade em área cultivada com café orgânico e convencional

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV