Als mars de l'Àsia central

El Grup de Física Ambiental de la Universitat de Girona participa en el programa internacional CLIMSEAS. L’objectiu és crear una xarxa de científics que aportin coneixement al procés de canvi climàtic a través de l’estudi dels mars interiors. Els quatre anys vinents estudiaran els mars de l’Àsia Central

China e a Ásia Central: petróleo, segurança e os Estados Unidos

In the last two decades, the United States have substantially increased their presence in Central Asia. Therefore their presence left China in an uncomfortable position, as China seeks to build a stable and peaceful environment in its near abroad, having under its influence all the countries of Central Asia. One of the ways used by the Chinese government to get closer to the countries of this region is through the oil. Being so, the Chinese oil companies buy rights of exploitation of oil and gas reserves in Central Asia and through this establishes and deepens friendly ties with these countries. This practice became known as oil diplomacy. This new tool of the Chinese government has a double effect: it increases the projection of the Chinese power and dilutes the American influence in the region. In other words, it displeases the United States, and in turn tries to be even more present in Central Asia. The main goal to be worked in this study is how the oil diplomacy increases Chinese influence in Central Asia and dilutes American power in the region. It also aims to explain how the United States uses its presence in Central Asia and on sea lines of communication used to transport oil to contain the Chinese expansion

The European Union Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia: The Limitations of the Opening towards the East

This article intends to study the evolution of the European Union foreign policy in the Southern Caucasus and Central Area throughout the Post-Cold War era. The aim is to analyze Brussels’ fundamental interests and limitations in the area, the strategies it has implemented in the last few years, and the extent to which the EU has been able to undermine the regional hegemons’ traditional supremacy. As will be highlighted, the Community’s chronic weaknesses, the local determination to preserve sovereignty and an increasing international geopolitical competition undermine any European aspiration to become a pre-eminent actor at the heart of the Eurasian continent in the near future.

Correntes naturais em obras de engenharia civil (barragens)

No presente trabalho são apresentados os resultados da Aplicação do Método do Potencial Espontâneo, no estudo do vazamento de água em barragens. Os vazamentos de água em barragens podem ocorrer através do maciço e através do substrato. São qui descritas as diversas partes do maciço e as estruturas do substrato por onde ocorrem esses vazamentos, sendo também fornecidas as litologias dos substratos, salientando-se aquelas que podem originar maior permeabilidade. Alguns exemplos típicos de vazamentos, tanto através do maciço, como através do substrato, são fornecidos para casos brasileiros, tão bem como para alguns estrangeiros. O método do Potencial Espontâneo, só recentemente começou a ter aplicações em obras de Engenharia Civil. Suas primeiras aplicações em barragens começaram com Ogilvy e outros (1969) que desenvolveram estudos de laboratório, e de campo em reservatórios do Trans-Cáucaso e da Ásia Central. Antes disso, o método já era largamente utilizado em prospecção mineira, tendo-se desenvolvido por C. Schlumberger, quando estudava a pirita de Saint Bell, na França, em 1913. Para a execução dos trabalhos em laboratório, baseamo-nos na Lei de Darcy, nos estudos de C. Schlumberger sobre o método do Potencial Espontâneo, e nos trabalhos de Ogilvy e outros (1969, 70, 72). Segundo Ogilvy e outros (1969), \"experiências de laboratório são executadas em vista de que os vazamentos de reservatórios são caracterizados por anomalias de correntes naturais. Quanto maior é a descarga de filtração, tanto mais alta são as anomalias. Como resultado, a relação que governa a diferença de potencial e a composição granulométrica da areia, concentrações eletrolíticas e outros fatores foram revelados\". São apresentados gráficos e tabelas como conclusões dos trabalhos de laboratório. O método do Potencial Espontâneo foi empregado no estudo dos vazamentos de água da Barragem de Saracuruna (RJ) e da Barragem do Rio Juqueri, ) Sistema Cantareira, da COMASP (SP). São apresentados trabalhos anteriores sobre a localização, tipo de barragem, locais de vazamento, defeitos de construção, geologia local e características geométricas das barragens mencionadas, bem como são feitas comparações com outras metodologias empregadas no estudo dos mesmos vazamentos, chegando-se a uma boa correlação, entre este método e aqueles. Como conclusões dos trabalhos de campo realizados são fornecidos nove perfis levantados na Barragem de Saracuruna e os mapas de isoanomalias das duas barragens, onde aparecem as zonas de maior permeabilidade.

A relevância geoestratégica da Turquia para a segurança energética da União Europeia : o caso do gás natural

Nos próximos anos a União Europeia terá crescentes necessidades de importação de gás natural, existindo uma preocupação com os riscos inerentes à dependência face ao gás russo, especialmente nos países do centro e leste europeu. Esses riscos foram evidenciados pelas crises e conflitos que opuseram a Rússia à Ucrânia e à Geórgia e mostraram à União Europeia a necessidade de encontrar alternativas que diminuíssem a sua vulnerabilidade. As alternativas possíveis passam por incrementar a produção de shale gas, aumentar a importação do Gás Natural Liquefeito e diversificar os fornecedores. A União Europeia tem apostado num corredor meridional de gás, cujo objetivo é obter fornecimento do Médio Oriente, do Cáucaso do Sul e da Ásia Central. Esta opção europeia faz ressurgir a importância geoestratégica da Turquia. No artigo propomo-nos discutir a estratégia europeia para diminuir a sua vulnerabilidade energética no abastecimento de gás natural e as vantagens que poderão resultar do reforço da relação com a Turquia nesta área.

Can social resilience inform SA/SIA for adaptive planning for climate change in vulnerable regions?

This book represents a landmark effort to probe and analyze the theory and empirics of designing water disaster management policies. It consists of seven chapters that examine, in-depth and comprehensively, issues that are central to crafting effective policies for water disaster management. The authors use historical surveys, institutional analysis, econometric investigations, empirical case studies, and conceptual-theoretical discussions to clarify and illuminate the complex policy process. The specific topics studied in this book include a review and analysis of key policy areas and research priority areas associated with water disaster management, community participation in disaster risk reduction, the economics and politics of ‘green’ flood control, probabilistic flood forecasting for flood risk management, polycentric governance and flood risk management, drought management with the aid of dynamic inter-generational preferences, and how social resilience can inform SA/SIA for adaptive planning for climate change in vulnerable areas. A unique feature of this book is its analysis of the causes and consequences of water disasters and efforts to address them successfully through policy-rich, cross-disciplinary and transnational papers. This book is designed to help enrich the sparse discourse on water disaster management policies and galvanize water professionals to craft creative solutions to tackle water disasters efficiently, equitably, and sustainably. This book should also be of considerable use to disaster management professionals, in general, and natural resource policy analysts.

Relação entre o clima de agitação marítima e aspectos da morfologia costeira, na costa rochosa do Algarve central (Galé a Olhos de Água)

Dissertação mest., Oceanografia, Universidade do Algarve, 2008

Jesolo - area "central park". Architetture per la cultura

La tesi rappresenta un intervento architettonico e urbano sull’area destinata al “Central Park”, che si inserisce nel contesto del Masterplan di Jesolo di Kenzo Tange del 1997. Un’analisi delle dinamiche storiche, dello sviluppo della città balneare, dei punti di forza e delle criticità territoriali, ha portato alla definizione dell’area di progetto e delle intenzioni progettuali, sia a scala urbana, sia a scala architettonica. Il progetto si basa sulla creazione di un grande parco centrale che funga da luogo di svago e relax, ma anche da sito privilegiato per lo studio della natura del territorio. All’interno di un sistema di fasce, che scandisce l’intero intervento, è stato progettato un giardino botanico che lega tra loro i quattro edifici destinati allo studio e alla cultura: il museo di storia naturale, la biblioteca, la sala conferenze e i laboratori didattici per bambini. Le architetture sono disposte secondo un sistema lineare che crea una sequenza di spazi chiusi e aperti. La progettazione degli edifici si articola su uno punto di partenza comune, identificato nell’isolato quadrato e nel tipo a corte. Seguendo un principio di trasformazione sperimentato da Oswald Mathias Ungers, ogni architettura ha successivamente raggiunto il proprio sviluppo e le proprie caratteristiche spaziali e volumetriche.

The central role of communication in developing trust and its effect on employee involvement

Communication plays an important role in the development of trust within an organization. While a number of researchers have studied the relationship of trust and communication, little is known about the specific linkages among quality of information, quantity of information, openness, trust, and outcomes such as employee involvement. This study tests these relationships using communication audit data from 218 employees in the oil industry. Using mediation analysis and structural equation modeling, we found that quality of information predicted trust of one's coworkers and supervisors while adequacy of information predicted one's trust of top management. Trust of coworkers, supervisors, and top management influenced perceptions of organizational openness, which in turn influenced employees' ratings of their own level of involvement in the organization's goals. This study suggests that the relationship between communication and trust is complex, and that simple strategies focusing on either quality or quantity of information may be ineffective for dealing with all members in an organization.

Forecasting trends in the Brisbane central business district office market

The Queensland Department of Public Works (DPW) holds a significant interest in the Brisbane Central Business District (CBD) in controlling approximately 20 percent of the office space within its confines. This comprises a total of 333,903 square metres of space, of which 170,111 square metres is owned and 163,792 square metres is leased from the private sector. The department’s nominal ownership extends to several enduring, landmark buildings as well as several modern office towers. The portfolio includes the oldest building in the CBD, being the former Commissariat Stores building and one of the newest, a 15,000 square metre office tower under construction at 33 Charlotte Street.

Corneal sensitivity and slit scanning in vivo confocal microscopy of the subbasal nerve plexus of the normal central and peripheral human cornea

Purpose: To determine the subbasal nerve density and tortuosity at 5 corneal locations and to investigate whether these microstructural observations correlate with corneal sensitivity. Method: Sixty eyes of 60 normal human subjects were recruited into 1 of 3 age groups, group 1: aged ,35 years, group 2: aged 35–50 years, and group 3: aged .50 years. All eyes were examined using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, noncontact corneal esthesiometry, and slit scanning in vivo confocal microscopy. Results: The mean subbasal nerve density and the mean corneal sensitivity were greatest centrally (14,731 6 6056 mm/mm2 and 0.38 6 0.21 millibars, respectively) and lowest in the nasal mid periphery (7850 6 4947 mm/mm2 and 0.49 6 0.25 millibars, respectively). The mean subbasal nerve tortuosity coefficient was greatest in the temporal mid periphery (27.3 6 6.4) and lowest in the superior mid periphery (19.3 6 14.1). There was no significant difference in mean total subbasal nerve density between age groups. However, corneal sensation (P = 0.001) and subbasal nerve tortuosity (P = 0.004) demonstrated significant differences between age groups. Subbasal nerve density only showed significant correlations with corneal sensitivity threshold in the temporal cornea and with subbasal nerve tortuosity in the inferior and nasal cornea. However, these correlations were weak. Conclusions: This study quantitatively analyzes living human corneal nerve structure and an aspect of nerve function. There is no strong correlation between subbasal nerve density and corneal sensation. This study provides useful baseline data for the normal living human cornea at central and mid-peripheral locations

Central venous oxygen saturation monitoring

It has been established that mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) reflects the balance between systemic oxygen deliver y and consumption. Literature indicates that it is a valuable clinical indicator and has good prognostic value early in patient course. This article aims to establish the usefulness of SvO2 as a clinical indicator. A secondary aim was to determine whether central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2) and SvO2 are interchangeable. Of particular relevance to cardiac nurses is the link between decreased SvO2 and cardiac failure in patients with myocardial infarction, and with decline in myocardial function, clinical shock and arrhythmias. While absolute values ScvO2 and SvO2 are not interchangeable, ScvO2 and SvO2are equivalent in terms of clinical course. Additionally, ScvO2 monitoring is a safer and less costly alternative to SvO2 monitoring. It can be concluded that continuous ScvO2 monitoring should potentially be undertaken in patients at risk of haemodynamic instability.