Obstacles à la persévérance scolaire d’adultes ayant des problèmes d’apprentissage lors de leur passage à l’éducation des adultes

Au Québec, plusieurs adultes n’ont pas de diplôme d’études secondaires. Parmi eux, plusieurs ont des problèmes d’apprentissage. Peu d’études se penchent sur leur participation à des programmes d’éducation des adultes. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’identifier les obstacles rencontrés par les adultes ayant des problèmes d’apprentissage lors de leur passage au secteur public de l’éducation des adultes. Dans le cadre de cette étude qualitative, douze entrevues ont été réalisées auprès d’adultes âgés de 18 à 50 ans. Ces entrevues ont été analysées afin d’identifier les obstacles rencontrés par cette population. Les résultats révèlent que ce sont les obstacles dispositionnels et les obstacles institutionnels qui sont les plus occurrents. L’interprétation de ces résultats permet de conclure qu’une adaptation et une diversification des pratiques institutionnelles dans le secteur de l’éducation des adultes permettraient d’accroitre la persévérance et la réussite scolaires des adultes ayant des problèmes d’apprentissage.

Les obstacles et les leviers du développement de compétences dans le secteur du commerce de détail.

Cet essai porte sur les obstacles individuels et organisationnels au développement de compétences du personnel œuvrant au sein du secteur du commerce de détail. Il vise à comprendre les enjeux du développement de compétences des personnes travaillant actuellement dans ce secteur. L’objectif général de la recherche est d’identifier quels sont les obstacles et les leviers de la mise en place de formation soutenant le développement de compétences dans le secteur du commerce de détail. Pour soutenir cet objectif, cette étude prend ses assises sur diverses définitions, dont la notion de compétences, de Michaud, Dionne et Beaulieu (2006) et la définition du développement de compétences de Le Boterf (2013). La typologie des obstacles individuels provenant des travaux de Cross (1981) et de ceux de Darkenwald et Merriam (1982), ainsi que des catégories d’obstacles à la participation à des activités de formation en organisation, tirées de Solar, Baril, Lauzon et Roussel (2014) sont utilisés afin de soutenir théoriquement les analyses de cet essai. Sur le plan de la méthodologie, cette recherche est effectuée à partir d’une analyse secondaire d’une entrevue semi-dirigée provenant du corpus du projet ayant donné lieu au rapport intitulé Tous ces chemins qui mènent à un premier diplôme. Orientation des adultes sans diplôme dans une perspective d’apprentissage tout au long de la vie (Bélisle et Bourdon, 2015). L’étude-source visait à « cerner les besoins d’orientation des adultes sans diplôme, tout en s’intéressant aux services d’orientation connus, reçus et souhaités » (Bélisle et Bourdon, 2015, p. 5). L’analyse montre que plusieurs obstacles existent pour les travailleuses et les travailleurs de ce secteur d’activité, dont principalement les obstacles informationnels quant aux ressources disponibles en orientation pour les aider dans leurs choix professionnels. Les données permettent de dégager que les obstacles individuels et organisationnels s’influencent mutuellement. Plusieurs obstacles organisationnels, par exemple une culture organisationnelle ouvrant peu de possibilités de discussions sur les projets de formation et de carrière influence les obstacles individuels, notamment les obstacles dispositionnels. En effet, au regard des obstacles organisationnels, la personne interviewée remet en question et il doute de son projet de formation en emploi. Plusieurs leviers observés dans l’organisation sont présentés pour contrer les obstacles tels que le bilan de développement de compétences en emploi (Michaud, Savard, Paquette et Lamarche, 2011) et la discussion de carrière en contexte organisationnel (Goyer, 2010). Les conseillères et les conseillers d’orientation. (c.o.) peuvent contribuer par leur expertise à la mise en œuvre de ces leviers. Enfin, les résultats apportent un éclairage sur les obstacles et les leviers au développement de compétences d’un secteur d’activité, qui est peu documenté, le commerce de détail.

Learning to avoid indoor obstacles from optical flow

Optical flow (OF) is a powerful motion cue that captures the fusion of two important properties for the task of obstacle avoidance − 3D self-motion and 3D environmental surroundings. The problem of extracting such information for obstacle avoidance is commonly addressed through quantitative techniques such as time-to-contact and divergence, which are highly sensitive to noise in the OF image. This paper presents a new strategy towards obstacle avoidance in an indoor setting, using the combination of quantitative and structural properties of the OF field, coupled with the flexibility and efficiency of a machine learning system.The resulting system is able to effectively control the robot in real-time, avoiding obstacles in familiar and unfamiliar indoor environments, under given motion constraints. Furthermore, through the examination of the networks internal weights, we show how OF properties are being used toward the detection of these indoor obstacles.

Chronic disease, geographic location and socioeconomic disadvantage as obstacles to equitable access to e-health

Despite recent public attention to e-health as a solution to rising healthcare costs and an ageingpopulation, there have been relatively few studies examining the geographical pattern of e-health usage. This paper argues for an equitable approach to e-health and attention to the way in which e-health initiatives can produce locational health inequalities, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. In this paper, we use a case study to demonstrate geographical variation in Internet accessibility, Internet status and prevalence of chronic diseases within a small district. There are signifi cant disparities in access to health information within socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. The most vulnerable people in these areas are likely to have limited availability of, or access to Internet healthcare resources. They are also more likely to have complex chronic diseases and, therefore, be in greatest need of these resources. This case study demonstrates the importance of an equitable approach to e-health information technologies and telecommunications infrastructure.

Ecological sustainable development: a study of the obstacles in Australia's construction industry

Ecological sustainable development (ESD), defined as that which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, has much to offer in enhancing the quality of life of people and maintaining the environment for future generations by reducing the pollution of water, air and land, minimizing the destruction of irreplaceable ecosystems and cutting down the amount of toxic materials released. However, there is still much to do to achieve full implementation world-wide. This paper reports on three factors-design, attitudes and financial constraints - that are likely barriers to the implementation of ESD within the built environment in Australian industry. A postal questionnaire survey is described aimed at soliciting views on detailed aspects of the factors. This shows that ESD in the Australian built environment has also not been successfully implemented. The main reason is found to be due to the perceived costs involved - the cost of using environmental materials being a predominant factor. The design of ESD, being more sophisticated, also is perceived as involving stakeholders in more expense. There also appears to be a lack of knowledge and a lack of specialised and interdisciplinary design teams available in the Australian context.

Surrogacy - A Path of Obstacles

Surrogacy has become an effective and accepted form of reproductive technology. It enables couples, regardless of gender or sexuality, to achieve the dream of becoming a parent in circumstances where other forms of reproductive technology and adoption are either not possible or have failed. To its credit, the Queensland parliament has recently brought this state up to date by enacting surrogacy laws that are in line with the majority of statutes implemented throughout the country. The Surrogacy Act 2010 (Qld) allows for the court to make a parentage order in certain circumstances where parties have entered into a surrogacy arrangement. A parentage order effectively transfers parental rights from the birth mother (and her spouse or de facto if there is one) to the intended parents. The requirements which must be satisfied to obtain a parenting order are comprehensive and onerous, making the path to parenthood through a surrogacy arrangement by no means easy. At the heart of the surrogacy issue lies a question, the answer to which has shifted and continues to shift as reproductive technologies continue to increase in success, method and popularity - what is a parent? A recent decision of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal, Hudson v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship, brought to attention the meaning of the word ‘parent’ as it appears in s 16(2) Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (Cth) (‘the Act’). Section 16(2) deals with citizenship by descent and provides that a person born outside Australia may make an application to the Minister to become an Australian citizen if a parent of the person was an Australian citizen at the time of the birth.

An example of cognitive obstacles in advanced integration: the case of scalar line integrals

Cognitive obstacles that arise in the teaching and learning of scalar line integrals, derived from cognitive aids provided to students when first learning about integration of single variable functions are described. A discussion of how and why the obstacles cause students problems is presented and possible strategies to overcome the obstacles are outlined.

Four obstacles facing the management accounting professionals as they seek to step up as global leaders

No matter how aspirational they are, management accountants face a series of roadblocks in the course of building careers in organisations. Experts reveal the four key obstacles that need to be addressed in the course of becoming global leaders.

Organisational obstacles to reducing carbon emissions in Hong Kong

An emerging theme for a nation transiting into a sustainable future is the provision of a low carbon (dioxide) environment. Carbon emission reduction is therefore important for the industry and community as a whole. Buildings contribute immensely to total greenhouse gas emissions, so pragmatic actions need to be taken to cut the amount of carbon emitted by the construction industry. These typically involve strategies such as energy-saving features in the design, construction and operation of building projects. However, a variety of characteristics of the markets and stakeholders involved are suppressing their development. This paper reports on a series of interviews with a variety of Hong Kong construction project participants aimed at identifying the drivers of, and obstacles to, the construction industry's attempts to reduce carbon emissions. The results confirm the main actions currently undertaken are energy efficiency enhancement, green procurement, research and development activities, waste/water management and other technical measures such as the provision of thermal insulation. The majority of the drivers are economical in nature, suggesting that financial aids, and particularly government incentives, are likely to be useful motivators. Also suggested is the increased promotion of the benefits of environmental sustainability to the wider community, in order to alert the general public to the need for reducing the amount of carbon originating from building usage.

Perceived obstacles to multi-storey timber-frame construction : an Australian study

The contemporary default materials for multi-storey buildings – namely concrete and steel – are all significant generators of carbon and the use of timber products provides a technically, economically and environmentally viable alternative. In particular, timber’s sustainability can drive increased use and subsequent evolution of the Blue economy as a new economic model. National research to date, however, indicates a resistance to the uptake of timber technologies in Australia. To investigate this further, a preliminary study involving a convenience sample of 15 experts was conducted to identify the main barriers involved in the use of timber frames in multi-storey buildings. A closed-ended questionnaire survey involving 74 experienced construction industry participants was then undertaken to rate the relative importance of the barriers. The survey confirmed the most significant barriers to be a perceived increase in maintenance costs and fire risk, together with a limited awareness of the emerging timber technologies available. It is expected that the results will benefit government and the timber industry, contributing to environmental improvement by developing strategies to increase the use of timber technologies in multi-storey buildings by countering perceived barriers in the Australian context.

Educational paradox : the hidden obstacles to the integration of mobile phones in the language classroom

This paper reports on the findings of an international telecollaboration study using Facebook, in which teachers studying in M. Ed programs in Australia and Greece, discussed the use of mobile phones in language classrooms. Results suggest that invisible barriers exist in the use of mobile phones in the classroom, including bans on use in schools, lack of familiarity with educational uses for mobile phones, and negative perceptions about mobile phones specifically in terms of classroom management.

Global reconfiguration of a team of networked mobile robots among obstacles

This paper presents a full system demonstration of dynamic sensorbased reconfiguration of a networked robot team. Robots sense obstacles in their environment locally and dynamically adapt their global geometric configuration to conform to an abstract goal shape. We present a novel two-layer planning and control algorithm for team reconfiguration that is decentralised and assumes local (neighbour-to-neighbour) communication only. The approach is designed to be resource-efficient and we show experiments using a team of nine mobile robots with modest computation, communication, and sensing. The robots use acoustic beacons for localisation and can sense obstacles in their local neighbourhood using IR sensors. Our results demonstrate globally-specified reconfiguration from local information in a real robot network, and highlight limitations of standard mesh networks in implementing decentralised algorithms.

Innovation in Road Building: Removing Obstacles for Diffusion of Novel Building Products

How can obstacles to innovation be overcome in road construction? Using a focus group methodology, and based on two prior rounds of empirical work, the analysis in this chapter generates a set of four key solutions to two main construction innovation obstacles: (1) restrictive tender assessment and (2) disagreement over who carries the risk of new product failure. The four key solutions uncovered were: 1) pre-project product certification; 2) past innovation performance assessment; 3) earlier involvement of product suppliers and road asset operators; and 4) performance-based specifications. Additional research is suggested in order to illicit deeper insights into possible solutions to construction innovation obstacles, and should emphasise furthering the theoretical interpretation of empirical phenomena.

An anticipative reactive control strategy to deal with unforeseen obstacles during a multi-sensor-based navigation task

We address the problem of the rangefinder-based avoidance of unforeseen static obstacles during a visual navigation task. We extend previous strategies which are efficient in most cases but remain still hampered by some drawbacks (e.g., risks of collisions or of local minima in some particular cases, etc.). The key idea is to complete the control strategy by adding a controller providing the robot some anticipative skills to guarantee non collision and by defining more general transition conditions to deal with local minima. Simulation results show the proposed strategy efficiency.