ARX, model thinking: taxonomy and operativity of an architectural process

The purpose of this work was to establish a taxonomy of hand made model construction as a platform for an approach to project an operative method in architecture. It was therefore studied and catalogued in a systematic approach a broad model production in the work of ARX. A wide range of families and sub-families of models were found, with different purposes according to each phase of development, from searching steps for a new possible configuration to detailed refined decisions. This working method revealed as most relevant characteristics, the grounds for a potential personal reflection and open discussion on project method, its flexibility on space modeling, an accuracy on the representation of real construction situations and its constant and stimulating opening to new suggestions. This research helped on a meta-reflection about this method, having been useful on creating a consciousness of processes that pretend to become an autonomous language, knowledge that might become useful to those who pretend to implement a haptic modus operandi in the work of an architectural project.

Operativity and criticality

A decade after his death, Manfredo Tafuri continues to occupy a pivotal position within contemporary architectural discourse both as a protagonist of the critical debates of the 1970s and as a historian who elucidated every period of architectural history from the fifteenth century to the twentieth. In addition to marking the publication of the English translation of his last work, INTERPRETING THE RENAISSANCE: PRINCES, CITIES, ARCHITECTURES, translated by Daniel Sherer (Yale University Press in association with Harvard GSD, 2006), this two-day conference took this event as an occasion for a new assessment of his critical legacies.

Estrategias para el funcionamiento integral de los servicios de salud para la comunidad indígena Nükak del Guaviare

Los Nükák son un pueblo indígena nómada del nordeste amazónico, ubicados en el departamento del Guaviare que basa su supervivencia en prácticas de caza y recolección principalmente. Desde su contacto con la sociedad mayoritaria, esta población se ha encontrado amenazada en su pervivencia como pueblo, en especial por las características de la población de colonos que ingresó a su territorio, el conflicto armado que los impacta provocando muertes y desplazamientos, y un nuevo departamento como lo es el Guaviare (1991) con grandes dificultades sociales, políticas y económicas; siendo la salud de los Nükák una de las más afectadas en medio de este complejo contexto. Ante esta necesidad, se hace imperativo generar una estrategia para el funcionamiento integral de los servicios de salud específica para esta comunidad, que reconozca por un lado la realidad local y su influencia en el citado pueblo y por otro, la percepción que tiene dicho pueblo sobre su salud, analizando el contexto de los Nükák a partir de un estado del arte y su sentir a partir de encuestas aplicadas a mujeres casadas de dicho pueblo. Este estudio es una expresión novedosa e intercultural de la Atención primaria desde la promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad, de la operatividad del primer y segundo nivel de atención, del diagnóstico, la rehabilitación, las redes integradas e integrales, la participación, la intersectorialidad, entre otros elementos adaptados a la cultura Nükák que articulados son la estrategia para el funcionamiento integral del servicio de salud para el pueblo Nükák de San José del Guaviare.

Interactions of surfactants (edge activators) and skin penetration enhancers with liposomes

Incorporating edge activators (surfactants) into liposomes was shown previously to improve estradiol vesicular skin delivery; this phenomenon was concentration dependent with low or high concentrations being less effective. Replacing surfactants with limonene produced similar behaviour, but oleic acid effects were linear with concentration up to 16% (w/w), beyond which it was incompatible with the phospholipid. This present study thus employed high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry to probe interactions of additives with ipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membranes to explain such results. Cholesterol was included as an example of a membrane stabiliser that removed the DPPC pre-transition and produced vesicles with a higher transition temperature (Tm). Surfactants also removed the lipid pre-transition but reduced Tm and co-operativity of the main peak. At higher concentrations, surfactants also formed new species, possibly mixed micelles with a lower Tm. The formation of mixed micelles may explain reduced skin delivery from liposomes containing high concentrations of surfactants. Limonene did not remove the pre-transition but reduced Tm and co-operativity of the main peak, apparently forming new species at high concentrations, again correlating with vesicular delivery of estradiol. Oleic acid obliterated the pre-transition. The Tm and the co-operativity of the main peak were reduced with oleic acid concentrations up to 33.2 mol%, above which there was no further change. At higher concentrations, phase separation was evident, confirming previous skin transport findings.

Intermediação de mão-de-obra no SINE-RS em uma perspectiva de sistema público de emprego

Este estudo trata da análise do desempenho da intermediação de mão-deobra, que se constitui em um dos instrumentos das políticas públicas de emprego do âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Emprego (SINE). O estudo tem o propósito de identificar os fatores de sucesso e insucesso deste serviço, assim como de sugerir linhas de ação para a melhoria do mesmo. Para alcançar este fim, foram ouvidos os três principais atores do processo de intermediação de mão-de-obra da Unidade Central do SINE de Porto Alegre: trabalhadores, empresas e funcionários do SINE. A intermediação de mão-de-obra ganha destaque quando o Estado passa a ser pressionado para apresentar soluções aos graves problemas do desemprego e às suas conseqüências negativas para as pessoas. Dessa forma, os Estados nacionais têm revalorizado as políticas voltadas para o mercado de trabalho. O novo nessas políticas é a constituição de sistemas públicos de emprego com o propósito de articular a intermediação, o seguro-desemprego e a qualificação profissional. Frente às dimensões e às características do desemprego, de longa duração, a intermediação assume papel estratégico para auxiliar, com agilidade, o desempregado a encontrar uma nova colocação no mercado de trabalho e, ainda, por deter mais informações sobre a demanda e a oferta de trabalho, ela tem as melhores condições de encaminhar esses trabalhadores à qualificação profissional e para alternativas de geração de emprego e renda. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam a importância do SINE para uma grande parcela de trabalhadores de baixa renda, para os quais o mesmo representa a principal alternativa de aproximação com o mercado de trabalho. Por outro lado, apontam limites do SINE para realizar a intermediação de mão-de-obra de forma 6 mais ágil e qualificada. Também evidenciam-se limites de gestão, de estrutura e de operacionalização que o SINE deve superar, dentre os quais destaca-se a desarticulação no processo de atendimento aos trabalhadores e às empresas e entre os instrumentos de política do SINE.

Polybitoxins: A group of phospholipases A2 from the venom of the neotropical social wasp paulistinha (Polybia paulista)

The neotropical wasp Polybia paulista is very aggressive and endemic in south-east Brazil, where it frequently causes stinging accidents. By using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Cellulose under a pH gradient, a group of four toxins (designated as polybitoxins-I, II, lII and IV) presenting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities was purified. These toxins are dimeric with mol. wts ranging from 115,000 to 132,000 and formed by different subunits. The four toxins contain very high sugar contents attached to their molecules (22-43% w/w) and presented different values of pH optimum from 7.8 to 9.0; when dissociated, only residual catalytic activities were maintained. The catalytic activities of polybitoxins (from 18 to 771 μmoles/mg per minute) are lower than that of PLA2 from Apis mellifera venom and hornetin from Vespa basalis. The polybitoxins presented a non-linear steady-state kinetic behavior for the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine at pH 7.9, compatible with the negative co- operativity phenomena. All of the polybitoxins were very potent direct hemolysins, especially the polybitoxins-III and IV, which are as potent as the lethal toxin from V. basalis and hornetin from Vespa flavitarsus, respectively; polybitoxin-IV presented hemolytic action 20 times higher than that of PLA2 from A. mellifera, 17 times higher than that of neutral PLA2 from Naja nigricolis and about 37 times higher than that of cardiotoxin from Naja naja atra venom.

Dos diagramas aos parâmetros: transformações no design digital

The article is part of an ongoing theoretical research about the emergence of parametric architecture. It discusses some of the last developments in digital design from the transition of the discourse and operativity by “diagrams” to the theories and processes derived from “parameters”. Centered in Peter Eisenman’s and Patrik Schumacher’s propositions, it is in its horizon to comprehend what relations are established between “diagram” and “parameter” -­‐ similarities, complementarities and differences -­‐, contributing for the critical contextualization of theoretical movements and design processes in contemporary architecture.

Try thinking like a tree

Reflections on the value of experimente over project on architecture thinking. An essay on the operativity of the notions of: "Collections"; "Tools"; "Instructions"; "Walks" and "reCollections"

Development of textile wearable chemical sensors

In this elaborate, a textile-based Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) was first developed for the determination of uric acid in wound exudate based on the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which was then coupled to an electrochemically gated textile transistor consisting of a composite of iridium oxide particles and PEDOT:PSS for pH monitoring in wound exudate. In that way a sensor for multiparameter monitoring of wound health status was assembled, including the ability to differentiate between a wet-dry status of the smart bandage by implementing impedance measurements exploiting the OECT architecture. Afterwards, for both wound management as well as generic health status tracking applications, a glass-based calcium sensor was developed employing polymeric ion-selective membranes on a novel architecture inspired by the Wrighton OECT configuration, which was later converted to a Proof-of-Concept textile prototype for wearable applications. Lastly, in collaboration with the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia) under the supervision of Prof. Sahika Inal, different types of ion-selective thiophene-based monomers were used to develop ion-selective conductive polymers to detect sodium ion by different methods, involving standard potentiometry and OECT-based approaches. The textile OECTs for uric acid detection performances were optimized by investigating the geometry effect on the instrumental response and the properties of the different textile materials involved in their production, with a special focus on the final application that implies the operativity in flow conditions to simulate the wound environment. The same testing route was followed for the multiparameter sensor and the calcium sensor prototype, with a particular care towards the ion-selective membrane composition and electrode conditioning protocol optimization. The sodium-selective polymer electrosynthesis was optimized in non-aqueous environments and was characterized by means of potentiostatic and potentiodynamic techniques coupled with Quartz Crystal Microbalance and spectrophotometric measurements.