Nutrient cycling aspects in stands of Pinus-elliottii engelm var elliottii under differents resining intensities .2. nutrients contents in litter

Annual and monthly quantities of nutrients wich returned to the soil through litter fall in Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii stand were estimated durint a two years period, in Experimental Station of Mogi-Guacu, SP. From the trees of the stand was extracted oleoresin according two differents techniques and control. The annual average of nutrients that returned to the soil was 72.2 Kg/ha, in following order: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. No relationship appeared between nutrient concentrations plus quantities when they were compared with oleoresin yields treatments and control. The differences in annual quantities were possibly due to climatic factors. The soil profile showed short concentrations in nutrient contents. Thus, the forest may be suffering by nutrient deficiences.

Efeito do reflorestamento com diferentes espécies sobre os atributos químicos em solo de cerrado.

RESUMO: O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do reflorestamento com eucalipto (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), carvoeiro (Sclerolobium paniculatum) , pinus (Pinus tecunumanii) e baru (Dipteryx alata) sobre os teores de nutrientes e de carbono orgânico do solo em comparação com uma área sob vegetação de Cerrado. Foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas 0 cm -5 cm, 5 cm - 10 cm, 10 cm - 20 cm, 20 cm - 30 cm, 30 cm - 40 cm e 40 cm - 60 cm, em um povoamento de baru plantado em 1987, um de carvoeiro plantado em 1985, um de pinus plantado em 1984, um de eucalipto plantado em 1983 e em uma área adjacente com vegetação nativa de Cerrado. Cada amostra foi composta por dez subamostras por parcela e por profundidade, coletadas entre as linhas. Os atributos químicos analisados foram: pH em água, alumínio trocável, H + Al (acidez potencial), fósforo e potássio disponíveis, cálcio e magnésio trocáveis e carbono orgânico. Os plantios de eucalipto e de carvoeiro aumentaram significativamente os teores de carbono orgânico do solo na camada de 0 cm a 5 cm. Os teores de fósforo foram muito baixos em todas as camadas avaliadas e não foram afetados pelo reflorestamento. O plantio de pinus acarretou queda significativa no teor de potássio, de cálcio e de magnésio até a camada de 30 cm a 40 cm. A partir de 20 cm de profundidade houve redução do pH do solo sob no plantio de pinus comparado com a área de Cerrado. ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of reforestation with eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), carvoeiro (Sclerolobium paniculatum) , pinus (Pinus tecunumanii) and baru (Dipteryx alata) on soil carbon and nutrients contents in comparison to virgin area of Cerrado. Samples of soil were collected down in 0 cm - 5 cm, 5 cm - 10 cm, 10 cm - 20 cm, 20 cm - 30 cm, 30 cm - 40 cm e 40 cm - 60 cm layers in a plantation of baru planted in 1987, one of carvoeiro planted in 1985, one of pinus planted in 1984, one of eucalyptus planted in 1983 and an adjacent area of Cerrado. Every sample was composed by ten sub-samples, by plot by depth, collected between the rows. Water pH, exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable H + Al (total acidity), suitable phosphorus, suitable potassium, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and organic carbon contents were evaluated. Eucalyptus and carvoeiro planting increased significantly soil organic carbon contents in 5 cm - 10 cm layer. The levels of phosphorus were very low in all evaluated layers and were not affected by reforestation. Pinus planting decreased significantly potassium, calcium and magnesium contents until 30 cm - 40 cm layer. There was pH reduction after 20 cm of depth in pinus planting compared with cerrado area.

Características físicas e acúmulo de nutrientes pelos cachos de 'niagara rosada' em vinhedos na região de Jundiaí

Este trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento em 40 vinhedos de 'Niagara Rosada' nos municípios de Jundiaí e Louveira-SP, sendo metade sobre o porta-enxerto 'Ripária do Traviú' e outra sobre o 'IAC 766'. Determinaram-se, em cada vinhedo, a produtividade, a duração do ciclo, o número de cachos e de ramos produtivos por planta, as características físicas dos cachos e bagas, e o acúmulo de nutrientes pelos cachos. Avaliaram-se nos cachos amostrados a massa da matéria fresca, o comprimento e a largura dos cachos e baga, e diâmetro do pedicelo. Os cachos de cada vinhedo amostrado foram secos em estufa e posteriormente submetidos à análise química para determinar os teores de macro e micronutrientes, visando a estimar o acúmulo de nutrientes por tonelada de uva. Constatou-se um comportamento semelhante entre os porta-enxertos para os dados de produtividade, duração do ciclo, número de cachos e ramos produtivos, sendo de, respectivamente, 11.100kg ha-1, 134 dias, 13 cachos e 9 ramos produtivos. Quanto às características físicas, os valores médios da massa da matéria fresca, comprimento e largura dos cachos foram de, respectivamente, 209g, 12 e 6,8cm; massa da matéria fresca, comprimento e largura das bagas, e diâmetro do pedicelo de, respectivamente, 4,3g; 19,9; 18,2 e 3,2mm. Quanto ao acúmulo de nutrientes, concluiu-se que a cultivar Niagara Rosada enxertada sobre 'Ripária do Traviú' apresentou maior acúmulo de P, Fe e Zn, enquanto sobre o porta-enxerto 'IAC 766' houve maior acúmulo de Mn. em ambos os porta-enxertos, a 'Niagara Rosada' apresentou a seguinte escala de acúmulo de nutrientes em ordem decrescente: K>N>P>Ca>S>Mg>B>Fe>Mn>Cu>Zn.

Teores de macronutrientes em pecíolos e folhas de figueira (Ficus carica L.) em função da adubação potássica

Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar o estado nutricional de figueira (Ficus carica L., cv. Roxo de Valinhos) conduzida durante o estágio de formação (dois anos agrícolas), submetida a níveis crescentes de potássio. O experimento foi conduzido em área do Pomar da Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Campus de Botucatu. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e seis tratamentos, dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de seis níveis de adubação potássica (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 g. planta-1 de K2O) aplicados em cobertura. Foram realizadas avaliações do estado nutricional das plantas mediante amostragens de folhas e pecíolos cinco meses após a poda de inverno. Os teores nutricionais obtidos no segundo ano agrícola revelaram a manifestação de interação competitiva entre potássio e magnésio nas dosagens acima de 50 g. planta-1 de K2O. Os teores de nitrogênio e enxofre não foram afetados pelas doses crescentes de potássio e os de fósforo tiveram aumentos lineares.

Análise isotópica (δ13c), físico-química e energética de bebidas não-alcoólicas de manga (Mangifera indica, L.) e de goiaba (Psidium guajava, L.)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Levantamento nutricional e diagnóstico agronômico da videira 'Niagara rosada' em Jundiaí e Louveira-SP

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA

Qualidade de mudas clonais do híbrido de eucalyptus grandis vs. Eucalyptus urophylla, submetidas a diferentes regimes hídricos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Desenvolvimento radicular e aéreo, nutrição e eficiência de absorção de macronutrientes e zinco por cultivares de arroz de terras altas afetadas pela adubação fosfatada

In Brazil, phosphorus availability is one factor that that more limit yield of upland rice under rainfed system. Then, better understanding of cultivars development at phosphorus soil fertilization is very important in the production systems making this more sustainable. The objective was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus doses applied to the soil over the root length, root and shoot dry matter, concentration and content of macronutrient and zinc in shoot and root as well as the efficiency of nutrient uptake per meter root of upland cultivars of intermediate and modern groups. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design in factorial scheme 4 x 4. Treatments were four levels of P fertilization applied at the soil (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg dm(-3) of P) and four upland rice cultivars (Maravilha - modern group, IAC-201, IAC-202 and Carajas - intermediate group). There is increase in phosphorus availability in the soil with increasing levels of P fertilization. Under low phosphorus availability, cultivars of the intermediate group have better shoots and root system development in relation to the modern cultivar group. Level of phosphorus affected nutrients contents in shoots and root system of upland rice cultivars. The increasing phosphorus fertilization increased uptake of nutrients per meter of root; and although under higher phosphorus availability there was a greater root growth, in low phosphorus availability root growth was greater at the expense of shoot growth.

Desempenho agronômico do milho e do trigo em função da inoculação com azospirillum brasilense e doses e fontes de nitrogênio

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Teores de nutrientes, valores energéticos e legalidade em bebidas não alcoólicas comerciais de manga e de goiaba

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Doses e modos de aplicação de Boro e adubação com Zinco na cultura do milho

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Os impactos na qualidade da água e do solo de um manancial tropical do semiárido devido ao uso e ocupação e evento de seca extrema

Human activities alter soil features, causing the deterioration of its quality. Land use and occupation in drainage basins of water supply reservoirs can change the environmental soil quality and, thus, lead to the expansion of the soil potential of being a diffuse pollution source. In the Brazilian semiarid region, the soils are generally shallow with high susceptibility to erosion, favoring the sediment and nutrients input into the superficial waterbodies, contributing to the eutrophication process. Moreover, this region has high temperatures and high evapotranspiration rates, that are generally higher than the precipitation rates, causing a negative hydric balance and big volume losses by evaporation. The water volume reduction increases the nutrients’ concentration and, therefore, exacerbates the eutrophication process, deteriorating the water quality. Thereby, we hypothesized that the eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs is intensified both by the extreme climatic events of prolonged drought, and by the diffuse pollution due to the basin land use and occupation. The study aimed to test whether the land use and occupation activities of the basin and the severe drought events intensify the eutrophication process of a semiarid tropical reservoir. To verify the influence of human activities carried out in the water supply of drainage basin on the soil quality and the eutrophication process, we conducted the mapping of the kind of use and occupation, as well the calculation of erosion for each activity and the soil quality evaluation of the riparian zone and water quality of the water supply. For the water analyses, the samplings were carried out monthly in the deeper point, near dam. For the soil, deformed composite samples were taken for the physical and chemical attributes analysis, according to the identified land use and occupation classes. The results showed that extreme droughts drastically reduces the water volume and elevates the nutrients concentration, contributing, thus, to a bigger degradation of water quality. Furthermore, we verified that human activities in the drainage basin promote the diffuse pollution, by increasing the soil susceptibility to erosion and nutrients contents. Summarizing, our results support the investigated hypothesis that activities of land use and occupation and extreme drought generate a combined effect that provide the intensification of eutrophication process of semiarid reservoirs.

Nutritional analysis of gastric contents and body condition score at a single time point in feral horses in Australia

Objective: To determine the impact of a free-choice diet on nutritional intake and body condition of feral horses. Animals: Cadavers of 41 feral horses from 5 Australian locations. Procedures: Body condition score (BCS) was determined (scale of 1 to 9), and the stomach was removed from horses during postmortem examination. Stomach contents were analyzed for nutritional variables and macroelement and microelement concentrations. Data were compared among the locations and also compared with recommended daily intakes for horses. Results: Mean BCS varied by location; all horses were judged to be moderately thin. The BCS for males was 1 to 3 points higher than that of females. Amount of protein in the stomach contents varied from 4.3% to 14.9% and was significantly associated with BCS. Amounts of water-soluble carbohydrate and ethanol-soluble carbohydrate in stomach contents of feral horses from all 5 locations were higher than those expected for horses eating high-quality forage. Some macroelement and microelement concentrations were grossly excessive, whereas others were grossly deficient. There was no evidence of ill health among the horses. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Results suggested that the diet for several populations of feral horses in Australia appeared less than optimal. However, neither low BCS nor trace mineral deficiency appeared to affect survival of the horses. Additional studies on food sources in these regions, including analysis of water-soluble carbohydrate, ethanol-soluble carbohydrate, and mineral concentrations, are warranted to determine the provenance of such rich sources of nutrients. Determination of the optimal diet for horses may need revision.

Analysis of Betaine and Choline Contents of Aleurone, Bran, and Flour Fractions of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy

In conventional milling, the aleurone layer is combined with the bran fraction. Studies indicate that the bran fraction of wheat contains the majority of the phytonutrients betaine and choline, with relatively minor concentrations in the refined flour. This present study suggests that the wheat aleurone layer (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Tiger) contains the greatest concentration of both betaine and choline (1553.44 and 209.80 mg/100 g of sample, respectively). The bran fraction contained 866.94 and 101.95 mg/100 g of sample of betaine and choline, respectively, while the flour fraction contained 23.30 mg/100 g of sample (betaine) and 28.0 mg/100 g of sample (choline). The betaine content for
the bran was lower, and the choline content was higher compared to previous studies, although it is known that there is large variation in betaine and choline contents between wheat cultivars. The ratio of betaine/choline in the aleurone fraction was approximately 7:1; in the bran, the ratio was approximately 8:1; and in the flour fraction, the ratio was approximately 1:1. The study further
emphasizes the superior phytonutrient composition of the aleurone layer.
INTRODUCTION
Wheat is a valuable source of betaine, choline (1, 2), B
vitamins, vitamin E, and a number of minerals, including iron,
zinc, magnesium, and phosphorus (3). Epidemiological studies
indicate that whole-grain consumption is protective against
several chronic diseases (4-12). It has not been fully elucidated
how whole-grain cereals or specific fractions (13) exert their
protective effect, but it is thought to be due to their content of
several nutrients associated with the reduced risk of disease.
Conventionally, whole grain is separated during milling into
bran, germ, and flour (14). The nutrient composition of these
fractions differ markedly; refined wheat flour contains approximately
50% less vitamins and minerals than whole-grain
flour (