Subversión discursiva y sexual en La Virgen de los sicarios de Fernando Vallejo

Il existe en Colombie un réseau de discours qui cherche à contrôler la production discursive sur le sexe et à brider la sexualité des Colombiens. La Virgen de los sicarios de Fernando Vallejo (1994), répond de manière subversive à un tel conditionnement discursif et sexuel. La production discursive sur la sexualité en Colombie a été construite, principalement, à partir de la tradition catholique, des discours de l’État et de textes scientifiques. Par conséquent, les comportements sexuels que le discours institutionnel ne considère pas comme des comportements normaux sont soumis à un pouvoir qui leur confère une place abominable dans l’ordre sexuel en Colombie. La Virgen de los sicarios émerge de la production littéraire queer colombienne et propose une histoire subversive sur le plan discursif autant que sexuel. Ce mémoire décrit d'abord la présence inévitable du discours religieux en Colombie et sa forte relation avec l'État pour démontrer l'existence d'une norme discursive. Ensuite, l’analyse du roman de Vallejo permet d’observer comment cette norme est bouleversée en utilisant ses propres linéaments pour l'affaiblir. Finalement, à partir de concepts développés par Michel Foucault et Judith Butler, ce travail met en évidence l'existence d'une norme sexuelle en Colombie qui part des discours et qui se déploie vers les corps – norme qui est contestée à travers un processus selon lequel l'auteur libère la sexualité des personnages du pouvoir qui domine leurs corps.

Gender, sex and sexuality in two open access communication journals published in Portugal: a critical overview of current discursive practices

The links between gender, sex and sexuality and their relevance are theoretically and politically problematic (Richardson, 2007). One of the difficulties in understanding their interconnections is that these terms are often used differently and ambiguously by different authors (and even by the same authors). This article reports the results of an analysis of the articles published in open access communication journals with known impact factor, edited in Portugal and published between 2005 and 2012. The diverse conceptualisations of those three basic concepts and of their (inter)relationships within communication research are identified. The complexity and the intricate (and often implicit) nature of both the meanings of these categories and their relationships underlie and justify our attention and further research. What the findings suggest about the current communication research into gender issues published in the two journals surveyed is that the ‘Gender differences discourse’ (Sunderland, 2004) is the most pervasive discourse (also) in academic practice. Additionally, they show that gender and sex are mainly taken for a fact, not a question that is worth being studied. The editors of these journals, as well as the scholars submitting manuscripts, need to be more aware of the traditional nature of the theoretical and methodological choices that they make regarding gender- and sex-related issues, as well as of the relative lack of attention to sexuality as a research subject.

Banning Obsolete Weapons or Reshaping Perceptions of Military Utility: Discursive Dynamics in Weapons Prohibitions

The paper focuses on the argumentative process through which new international norms prohibiting the use of weapons causing severe civilian harm emerge. It examines the debate surrounding the use and usefulness of landmines and cluster munitions and traces the process through which NGOs change conceptions of military utility and effectiveness of certain weapons by highlighting their humanitarian problems and questioning their military value. By challenging military thinking on these issues, NGOs redefine the terms of the debate – from a commonplace practice, the use of such weapons becomes controversial and military decisions need to be justified. The argument-counterargument dynamic shifts the burden of proof of the necessity and safety of the weapons to the users. The process witnesses the ability of NGOs to influence debates on military issues despite their disadvantaged position in hard security issue areas. It also challenges realist assumptions that only weapons that are obsolete or low-cost force equalizers for weak actors can be banned. To the contrary, the paper shows that in the case of landmines and cluster munitions, defining the military (in)effectiveness of the weapons is part and parcel of the struggle for their prohibition.

Discursive media strategies in the journalistic construction of schistosomiasis in Jaboticatubas, Minas Gerais

Using media discourse analysis for material published by the press on schistomisasis in the city of Jaboticatubas, the possible determining factors of narrative and discursive constructions in the diffusion of information are discussed. It was observed that media discourse treats schistosomiasis in 1962 as something from the natural order. By 1997 and 1998, the media discourse strategies reveal ideological treatment in favor of certain social segments. Situations are identified in which social agents in specific contexts construct the meanings of this endemic disease. It was concluded that the economic organization of space was a determining factor in the production and circulation of the media discourses.