Reuse of norgestomet implants in an eCG-based superovulation protocol administered to Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) cows

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estrous behavior and the estrus-to-ovulation interval in Nelore cattle (Bos indicus) with natural estrus or estrus induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha or norgestomet and estradiol valerate

Estrous behavior and the estrus-to-ovulation interval are essential for estimating the best time to artificially inseminate cattle. Because these parameters are not well characterized in the Nelore breed (Bos indicus), the main purpose of the this study was to determine the estrus-to-ovulation interval in Nelore heifers and cows with natural estrus or with estrus induced by treatments with PGF2 alpha or norgestomet and estradiol valerate (NEV). The cows and heifers were observed continuously (24 h a day) to determine the onset of estrus and to study estrous behavior in the cows. Ten hours after the start of estrus the ovaries were scanned every 2 h by ultrasonography to monitor the dominant follicle until ovulation. Blood samples were collected periodically to determine progesterone levels by RIA. Administration of PGF2 alpha (2 injections, 11 days apart) did not induce estrus in most Nelore females in spite of the presence of functional CL, indicated by progesterone concentrations above 6.0 ng/ml in 25 of 28 animals. Treatment with NEV induced high sexual receptivity in cows (10/11), but only 66% ovulated. Cows with natural or induced estrus exhibited behavioral estrus of 10.9 +/- 1.4 h, and ovulation occurred 26.6 +/- 0.44 h (n = 26) after the onset of estrus. In most of the cows (53.8%) estrus began at night (between 1801 and 600 h), and 34.6% it started and finished during the night. It is concluded that in Nelore females ovulation occurs approximately 26 h after the onset of estrus. Additionally, estrous behavior is shorter than in European breeds, and there is a high incidence of estrus at night, which makes it difficult to detect and, consequently, impairs Al in Nelore cattle. The observation that a high percentage of Nelore females with an active CL did not respond to usual dosages of PGF2 alpha warrants further investigation. (C) 1998 by Elsevier B.V.

Efeito do eCG ou benzoato de estradiol associado ao norgestomet na taxa de concepção de vacas de corte submetidas à IATF no pós-parto

This study aimed to compare conception rates at the postpartum period (PPP) in beef cows which were administered either Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin (eCG) or Estradiol Benzoate (EB) after Norgestomet and submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). The hypothesis was that the administration of eCG or EB enhances the conception rate. Lactating Nelore cows (n=138) and Brangus (n = 63), between 26 and 118 days of post partum period (PPP) were divided into three homogeneous groups, and subdivided in two blocks, inside each group one of them with a PPP d'' 45 days (PPP1; n=107) and another with a PPP > 45 days (PPP2; n=94). All cows received an auricular implant containing 3mg Norgestomet (Crestar®), followed by the administration of 5mg Estradiol Valerate. The auricular implants were kept during 10 days. Cows received 1mL saline solution (n=68, Control Group) or 500IU eCG (Folligon®; n=67; eCG Group) or 1mg Estradiol Benzoate (Index, n=66; EB Group) 24 hours after the removal of the implant. FTAI was made 54 hours after the implant removal. The pregnancy diagnosis was carried through ultrasonography 30 days after FTAI. There was an interaction between treatments and PPP. In the PPP1, the conception rate was higher in the eCG Group than in the EB Group (47.22% vs. 15.38%; Pd''0.01). In the PPP2, the conception rates of the eCG and EB Groups were higher than in the Control Group (41.93%, 44.44% vs. 22.22%: Pd''0.01). It was concluded that in cows up to 45 days of PPP, the eCG associated with Norgestomet enhances the conception rates.

Avaliação da eficiência do Norgestomet, Valerato de Estradiol e Gonadotrofina Coriônica humana na sincronização de estro em fêmeas eqüinas

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Avaliação da taxa de ovulação em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) submetidas a protocolo de sincronização da ovulação a base de norgestomet

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Prostaglandin treatment at the onset of norgestomet and estradiol-based synchronization protocols did not alter the ovarian follicular dynamics or pregnancy per timed artificial insemination in cyclic Bos indicus heifers

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Prostaglandin treatment at the onset of norgestomet and estradiol-based synchronization protocols did not alter the ovarian follicular dynamics or pregnancy per timed artificial insemination in cyclic Bos indicus heifers

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the PGF2˛treatment givenat the onset of a synchronization of ovulation protocol using a norgestomet (NORG) earimplant on ovarian follicular dynamics (Experiment 1) and pregnancy per AI (P/AI; Exper-iment 2) in cyclic (CL present) Bos indicus heifers. In Experiment 1, a total of 46 heiferswere presynchronized using two consecutive doses of PGF2˛12 days apart. At first dayof the synchronization protocol the heifers received implants containing 3 mg of NORGand 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB). At the same time, heifers were randomly assignedto receive 150 mg of d-cloprostenol (n = 23; PGF2˛) or no additional treatment (n = 23;Control). When the ear implants were removed 8 days later, all heifers received a PGF2˛treatment and 1 mg of EB was given 24 h later. The follicular diameter and interval toovulation were determined by transrectal ultrasonography. No effects of PGF2˛treat-ment on the diameter of the largest follicle present were observed at implant removal(PGF2˛= 9.8 ± 0.4 vs. Control = 10.0 ± 0.3 mm; P = 0.73) or after 24 h (PGF2˛= 11.1 ± 0.4 vs.Control = 11.0 ± 0.4 mm; P = 0.83). No differences in the time of ovulation after ear implantremoval (PGF2˛= 70.8 ± 1.2 vs. Control = 73.3 ± 0.9 h; P = 0.10) or in the ovulation rate(PGF2˛= 87.0 vs. Control = 82.6%; P = 0.64) between treatments were observed. In Experi-ment 2, 280 cyclic heifers were synchronized using the same experimental design describedabove (PGF2˛; n = 143 and Control; n = 137), at random day of the estrous cycle. All heifersreceived 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate(as ovulatory stimulus) when the NORG ear implants were removed. Timed artificial insem-ination (TAI) was performed 48 h after implant removal and the pregnancy diagnosis wasconducted 30 days later. No effects on the P/AI due to PGF2˛treatment were observed(PGF2˛= 51.7 vs. Control = 57.7%; P = 0.29). In conclusion, PGF2˛treatment at the onset ofNORG-based protocols for the synchronization of ovulation did not alter the ovarian follic-ular responses or the P/AI in cyclic Bos indicus beef heifers synchronized for TAI.

The effect of exogenous gonadotropins on ovarian function in goats actively immunized against inhibin

The aim of this investigation was to compare the ovarian response to superovulatory treatments in does before and after inhibin immunization, with a view to optimizing the superovulatory potential of the caprine ovary. To avoid interference by the ovarian cycle, the experiment was conducted out-of-season. At the onset of the experiment 48 does were subjected to treatment with an sc implant of the progestogen norgestomet, combined with a gonadotropin; eight does each received a single injection of 1200 IU eCG, 400 IU eCG or 2 mL physiological saline (control) or six injections (at 12 h intervals) constituting 16 or 5.4 AU pFSH. The does were mated and subjected to embryo collection 6 to 7 d later. Throughout the experiment ovarian function (by ultrasonography) and plasma levels of inhibin antibodies and progesterone were monitored. Of 40 does treated during the first part of the experiment, 48% showed estrus. The ovarian response in does treated with a high or low dose of eCG or a low dose of pFSH was barely in excess of the ovarian response in the saline-treated controls, whereas a superovulatory dose of pFSH (16 AU) gave a satisfactory response of, on average, 14.5 ovulations (yielding 8.8 flushed ova and embryos). Immediately after the does had been subjected to embryo collection they were actively immunized against inhibin by administering two injections of a recombinant α-subunit of ovine inhibin at four week intervals. All immunized does produced antibodies with the maximal titer reached two weeks after the second injection. Groups of immunized does were subjected to the same gonadotropin treatments as before (avoiding allocation of individuals to the same treatments). This time all does showed estrous symptoms. The ovulatory response to the various treatments, including the saline controls, was virtually identical, the overall average being 21.8 follicles and 9.1 ovulations. The average embryo yield per doe was 5.7. The results imply that inhibin acted as the key factor in determining the ovulatory response since no impact of any of the supplementary gonadotropins was noted in inhibin-immunized does. This finding gives rise to the notion that inhibin antibodies may act primarily by an intraovarian paracrine action rather than by reducing the suppressive action of inhibin on pituitary FSH release. Further, these findings confirm earlier reports that eCG is less suitable than FSH for inducing superovulation in goats, and indicate that active immunization against inhibin may be considered a viable alternative to using exogenous gonadotropin for inducing superovulation in goats.

Associação de diferentes doses de gonodotrofina coriônica equina (eCG) no tratamento com progestágenos e estrógenos em vacas de corte .

Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de diferentes doses de eCG, após tratamento com progestágeno e estrógeno, sobre a fertilidade de vacas de corte. No experimento 1 foram utilizadas 133 vacas tipo Braford (½ Nelore x ½ Hereford), multíparas, 150 a 155 dias pós-parto, com idades entre 4 e 6 anos e escore de condição corporal (ECC) médio de 3 (escala de 1-5). Todos os animais foram submetidos a colocação de implante auricular subcutâneo (dia 0) contendo 3 mg de norgestomet (N) e aplicação de solução injetável intramuscular (im) de 3 mg de N e 5 mg de valerato de estradiol (VE). No momento da retirada do implante (dia 10), as vacas foram separadas, aleatoriamente, em 4 grupos distintos: Grupo I (n=33): não recebeu eCG; Grupo II (n=34): 300 UI de eCG; Grupo III: 500 UI de eCG e Grupo IV: 700 UI de eCG. As inseminações artificiais (IAs) foram realizadas em tempo fixo, de 52-54 hs após a retirada do implante, com sêmen de qualidade comprovada através de avaliação prévia. Após 15 dias, as fêmeas permaneceram com touros por 45 dias afim de serem submetidas a monta natural (MN) caso retornassem ao estro. Aos 40 e 100 dias após a IA foi realizado, mediante palpação retal, o diagnóstico de gestação para identificação dos animais que conceberam por IA ou MN respectivamente. As taxas de prenhez da IA foram: Grupo I: 33.3% (11/33); Grupo II: 50,0%(17/34); Grupo III: 39,4% (13/33); Grupo IV: 45,5% (15/33). Para a análise estatística das variáveis foi utilizado o teste Qui-Quadrado. As taxas de prenhez não foram diferentes estatisticamente (p=0,539) em relação a dose de eCG utilizada. As taxas de prenhez totais, após a temporada de MN, foram: Grupo I: 78,8% (26/33); Grupo II: 79,4% (27/34); Grupo III: 90,9% (30/33); Grupo IV: 75,8% (25/33). Também não houve diferença estatística (p=0,411) entre os grupos. No Experimento 2, foram utilizadas 56 vacas ( 27 Nelore x Charolês e 26 Braford), multíparas, não lactantes, cíclicas, com idades variando entre 4 e 7 anos e ECC médio de 3,5. As fêmeas receberam aplicação de implante auricular subcutâneo de 3 mg N e aplicação injetável (im) de 3 mg de N e 5 mg de VE no momento da colocação do implante (dia 0). No momento da retirada do implante (dia 10) os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos com a finalidade de receber aplicação injetável (im) de eCG: Grupo I (n=18): 500 UI eCG; Grupo II (n=19): 1.000 UI eCG e Grupo III (n=19): 1.200 UI eCG. A partir do dia seguinte à retirada do implante e aplicação de eCG, os animais tiveram o estro controlado, duas vezes ao dia em intervalos de 12 hs. As IAs foram realizadas 12 hs após a identificação do estro. Nos animais em que o estro não foi identificado, realizou-se IA em tempo fixo de 52-54 hs após a retirada do implante. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado mediante palpação retal aos 45 dias após a IA. Os animais diagnosticados prenhes foram acompanhados durante o período de parição com o propósito de avaliar o número de produtos nascidos, já que foram utilizadas altas doses de eCG que poderiam originar nascimentos múltiplos. Através do Qui-Quadrado, primeiramente analisou-se a presença dos sinais de estro em relação a dose de eCG utilizada a cada grupo. No intervalo de 36 a 48 hs após a retirada do implante, 87,5% do animais apresentaram estro. Não houve diferença significativa (p=0,866) entre os grupos, indicando ausência de relação entre estro e dose de eCG utilizada. As taxas de prenhez obtidas em cada grupo também não resultaram diferentes (p=0,25) em função da dosagem de eCG utilizada. Grupo I: 44,4% (8/18); Grupo II: 36,8% (7/19), Grupo III: 63,2% (12/19). Os índices de prenhez dos animais que não demonstraram sinais de estro e que foram inseminados em tempo fixo, foram analisados mediante Regressão Logística e não diferiram (p=0,666) daqueles que foram inseminados 12 hs após a detecção do estro. Não foram observados partos gemelares e distocia nas vacas dos diferentes grupos experimentais. Nas condições de realização destes experimentos, o uso de eCG, ao final do tratamento com progestágenos e estrógenos, não interferiu nos resultados de prenhez em vacas não-lactantes ou lactantes, inseminadas 12 hs após o estro ou em tempo fixo, não demonstrou efeito sobre o aparecimento de estro em vacas solteiras e, nas doses utilizadas, não originou partos gemelares. A IA de vacas não-lactantes realizada em tempo fixo de 52-54 hs após o tratamento apresentou resultados de prenhez semelhantes aos observados nas IAs realizadas 12 após a identificação do estro.

Ovarian follicle diameter at timed insemination and estrous response influence likelihood of ovulation and pregnancy after estrous synchronization with progesterone or progestin-based protocols in suckled Bos indicus cows

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate factors associated with estrous synchronization responses and pregnancy per insemination (P/AI) in Bos indicus beef cows submitted to progesterone-based fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocols. A total of 2388 cows (1869 Nellore and 519 crossbred Nellore x Angus) from 10 commercial farms were evaluated to determine the relationships among breed, body condition score (BCS) on the first day of the FTAI protocol, the occurrence of estrus between progesterone device removal and FTAI and diameter of largest ovarian follicle (LF) at FTAI on estrous synchronization responses and P/AI. Cows (n=412 primiparous; 1976 multiparous) received an intravaginal device containing progesterone or an ear implant containing norgestomet (a progestin), and an injection of estradiol at the beginning of the estrous synchronization protocol. Body condition was scored using a 1-5 scale on the first day of the FTAI protocol and at 30-60 days postpartum. Females received 300IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and PGF(2 alpha) on the day the progesterone device/implant was removed and were inseminated 48-60h later. At insemination, cows (n=2388) were submitted to an ultrasonographic exam to determine the diameter of the LF. Follicles were classified into four categories based on mean and standard deviation (SD) of the LF (LF1 = two SD below the mean; LF2 = mean minus one SD; LF3 = mean plus one SD; LF4 = two SD above the mean). Ovulation rate was determined in a subset of cows (n=813) by three consecutive ultrasonographic exams: (1) at time of progesterone device/implant removal, (2) at time of FTAI and (3) 48 h after FTAI. Ovulation was defined as the disappearance of a large follicle (>= 8.0 mm) that was previously recorded. Estrus was determined in a subset of the cows (n = 445) by the activation of a detection of estrous patch placed on the tail head on the day of progesterone device/implant removal. Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after FTAI. Pregnancy was influenced (P = 0.001) by follicle diameter [LF1 = 27.5% (81/295), LF2 = 46.6% (328/705), LF3 = 57.9% (647/1118), LF4 = 63.3% (171/270)] and the occurrence of estrus [estrus = 67.7% (174/257) and no estrus = 36.2% (68/188)]. Follicle diameter at FTAI influenced ovulation rate [LF1 = 42.5% (34/80), LF2 = 73.9% (161/218), LF3 = 95.8% (407/425), LF4 = 97.8% (88/90)], the occurrence of estrus [LF1 = 54.8% (51/93), LF2 = 33.6% (43/128), LF3 = 68.9% (126/183), LF4 = 90.2% (37/41)] and P/AI among cows that had ovulations [LF1 =32.4% (11/34), LF2 = 50.3% (81/161), LF3 = 60.0% (244/407), LF4 = 68.2% (60/88)]. Improving estrous responses between progesterone device withdrawal and FTAI and increasing the diameter of the LF at FTAI may be important aspects to achieve improved estrous synchronization responses and P/AI following progesterone/progestin and estradiol based FTAI protocols in suckled Bos indicus cows. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influência da alta ou baixa alimentar na produção in vitro de embriões e função ovariana em Bos indicus

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização do crescimento folicular, ovulação e atividade lútea após tratamento com progestágenos de borregas pré-púberes Santa Inês portadores de gene FecGe

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Progestin-Based Protocol for Synchronization of Follicular Wave Emergence in Buffaloes During Summer and Winter

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of type of norgestomet auricular implant (new - N or previously used during 5 days - U), season of the year (summer - S and winter - W), and parity (12 heifers - H and 23 cows - C) on synchronization of follicular wave emergence in buffaloes. For this purpose, 35 buffaloes were examined daily by ultrasonography until follicular wave emergence was detected. Data were analysed by ANOVA, using PROC GLIMMIX. No interactions were observed in none variables. Time of follicular wave emergence and number of follicles at emergence were not affected by type of implant or season of the year. Parity also did not influence the number of follicles at emergence. However, follicular wave emergence occurred later in heifers than in cows. In conclusion, the previous use of a norgestomet auricular implant independent of the season of the year does not affect the time or the number of follicles at follicular wave emergence in buffaloes. Nevertheless, although heifers and cows had a similar number of follicles at emergence, the time of follicular wave emergence occurs earlier in cows than in heifers.