Transparent Network Interfaces to Mobile Peer-to-Peer Environment

The fact that most of new Personal Data Assistant (PDA) devices and smartphones have the ability to communicate via different wireless technologies has made several new applications possible. While traditional network model is based on the idea of static hosts, mobile devices can create decentralized, self-organizing ad-hoc networks and act as peers in the network. This kind of adapting network is suitable for mobile devices which can freely join and leave the networks. Because several different wireless communication technologies are involved, flexible changing of the networking technology must be handled in order to enable seamless communication between these networks. This thesis presents a transparent network interface to mobile Peer-to-Peer environment which is named as Virtual PeerHood. Different wireless technologies and aspects of providing a seamless connectivity between these technologies are explored. The result is a middleware platform for mobile Peer-to-Peer environment, capable of handling several networking technologies.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Network-on-Chip Communication Protocols and Architectures

The scale down of transistor technology allows microelectronics manufacturers such as Intel and IBM to build always more sophisticated systems on a single microchip. The classical interconnection solutions based on shared buses or direct connections between the modules of the chip are becoming obsolete as they struggle to sustain the increasing tight bandwidth and latency constraints that these systems demand. The most promising solution for the future chip interconnects are the Networks on Chip (NoC). NoCs are network composed by routers and channels used to inter- connect the different components installed on the single microchip. Examples of advanced processors based on NoC interconnects are the IBM Cell processor, composed by eight CPUs that is installed on the Sony Playstation III and the Intel Teraflops pro ject composed by 80 independent (simple) microprocessors. On chip integration is becoming popular not only in the Chip Multi Processor (CMP) research area but also in the wider and more heterogeneous world of Systems on Chip (SoC). SoC comprehend all the electronic devices that surround us such as cell-phones, smart-phones, house embedded systems, automotive systems, set-top boxes etc... SoC manufacturers such as ST Microelectronics , Samsung, Philips and also Universities such as Bologna University, M.I.T., Berkeley and more are all proposing proprietary frameworks based on NoC interconnects. These frameworks help engineers in the switch of design methodology and speed up the development of new NoC-based systems on chip. In this Thesis we propose an introduction of CMP and SoC interconnection networks. Then focusing on SoC systems we propose: • a detailed analysis based on simulation of the Spidergon NoC, a ST Microelectronics solution for SoC interconnects. The Spidergon NoC differs from many classical solutions inherited from the parallel computing world. Here we propose a detailed analysis of this NoC topology and routing algorithms. Furthermore we propose aEqualized a new routing algorithm designed to optimize the use of the resources of the network while also increasing its performance; • a methodology flow based on modified publicly available tools that combined can be used to design, model and analyze any kind of System on Chip; • a detailed analysis of a ST Microelectronics-proprietary transport-level protocol that the author of this Thesis helped developing; • a simulation-based comprehensive comparison of different network interface designs proposed by the author and the researchers at AST lab, in order to integrate shared-memory and message-passing based components on a single System on Chip; • a powerful and flexible solution to address the time closure exception issue in the design of synchronous Networks on Chip. Our solution is based on relay stations repeaters and allows to reduce the power and area demands of NoC interconnects while also reducing its buffer needs; • a solution to simplify the design of the NoC by also increasing their performance and reducing their power and area consumption. We propose to replace complex and slow virtual channel-based routers with multiple and flexible small Multi Plane ones. This solution allows us to reduce the area and power dissipation of any NoC while also increasing its performance especially when the resources are reduced. This Thesis has been written in collaboration with the Advanced System Technology laboratory in Grenoble France, and the Computer Science Department at Columbia University in the city of New York.

Distributed Web Interface for Real-Time Spatial Audio Reproduction System

SSR es el acrónimo de SoundScape Renderer (tool for real-time spatial audio reproduction providing a variety of rendering algorithms), es un programa escrito en su mayoría en C++. El programa permite al usuario escuchar tanto sonidos grabados con anterioridad como sonidos en directo. El sonido o los sonidos se oirán, desde el punto de vista del oyente, como si el sonido se produjese en el punto que el programa decida, lo interesante de este proyecto es que el sonido podrá cambiar de lugar, moverse, etc. Todo en tiempo real. Esto se consigue sin modificar el sonido al grabarlo pero sí al emitirlo, el programa calcula las variaciones necesarias para que al emitir el sonido al oyente le llegue como si el sonido realmente se generase en un punto del espacio o lo más parecido posible. La sensación de movimiento no deja de ser el punto anterior cambiando de lugar. La idea era crear una aplicación web basada en Canvas de HTML5 que se comunicará con esta interfaz de usuario remota. Así se solucionarían todos los problemas de compatibilidad ya que cualquier dispositivo con posibilidad de visualizar páginas web podría correr una aplicación basada en estándares web, por ejemplo un sistema con Windows o un móvil con navegador. El protocolo debía de ser WebSocket porque es un protocolo HTML5 y ofrece las “garantías” de latencia que una aplicación con necesidades de información en tiempo real requiere. Nos permite una comunicación full-dúplex asíncrona sin mucho payload que es justo lo que se venía a evitar al no usar polling normal de HTML. El problema que surgió fue que la interfaz de usuario de red que tenía el programa no era compatible con WebSocket debido a un handshacking inicial y obligatorio que realiza el protocolo, por lo que se necesitaba otra interfaz de red. Se decidió entonces cambiar a JSON como formato para el intercambio de mensajes. Al final el proyecto comprende no sólo la aplicación web basada en Canvas sino también un servidor funcional y la definición de una nueva interfaz de usuario de red con su protocolo añadido. ABSTRACT. This project aims to become a part of the SSR tool to extend its capabilities in the field of the access. SSR is an acronym for SoundScape Renderer, is a program mostly written in C++ that allows you to hear already recorded or live sound with a variety of sound equipment as if the sound came from a desired place in the space. Like the web-page of the SSR says surely better explained: “The SoundScape Renderer (SSR) is a tool for real-time spatial audio reproduction providing a variety of rendering algorithms.” The application can be used with a graphical interface written in Qt but has also a network interface for external applications to use it. This network interface communicates using XML messages. A good example of it is the Android client. This Android client is already working. In order to use the application should be run it by loading an audio source and the wanted environment so that the renderer knows what to do. In that moment the server binds and anyone can use the network interface. Since the network interface is documented everyone can make an application to interact with this network interface. So the application can have as many user interfaces as wanted. The part that is developed in this project has nothing to do neither with audio rendering nor even with the reproduction of the spatial audio. The part that is developed here is about the interface used in the SSR application. As it can be deduced from the title: “Distributed Web Interface for Real-Time Spatial Audio Reproduction System”, this work aims only to offer the interface via web for the SSR (“Real-Time Spatial Audio Reproduction System”). The idea is not to make a new graphical interface for SSR but to allow more types of interfaces and communication. To accomplish the objective of allowing more graphical interfaces this project is going to use a new network interface. By now the SSR application is using only XML for data interchange but this new network interface support JSON. This project comprehends the server that launch the application, the user interface and the new network interface. It is done with these modules in order to allow creating new user interfaces that can communicate with the server or new servers that can communicate with the user interface by defining a complete network interface for data interchange.

Connection of Network Sensors to Distributed Information Measurement and Control System for Education and Research

The development of the distributed information measurement and control system for optical spectral research of particle beam and plasma objects and the execution of laboratory works on Physics and Engineering Department of Petrozavodsk State University are described. At the hardware level the system is represented by a complex of the automated workplaces joined into computer network. The key element of the system is the communication server, which supports the multi-user mode and distributes resources among clients, monitors the system and provides secure access. Other system components are formed by equipment servers (CАМАC and GPIB servers, a server for the access to microcontrollers MCS-196 and others) and the client programs that carry out data acquisition, accumulation and processing and management of the course of the experiment as well. In this work the designed by the authors network interface is discussed. The interface provides the connection of measuring and executive devices to the distributed information measurement and control system via Ethernet. This interface allows controlling of experimental parameters by use of digital devices, monitoring of experiment parameters by polling of analog and digital sensors. The device firmware is written in assembler language and includes libraries for Ethernet-, IP-, TCP- и UDP-packets forming.

Aplicação de Internet of Things em casas inteligentes: Serviços de Rede

O foco principal no estudo da Internet of Things tem sido a integração de dispositivos digitais com o mundo físico e vice-versa. Os dispositivos inteligentes têm vindo a ganhar uma forte presença na nossa vida diária e cada vez mais, tendem a integrar o sistema de uma casa, automatizando processos comuns como o controlo de temperatura ambiente ou mesmo a percentagem de luminosidade de uma divisão. A visão da IoT contempla um mundo interconectado, recolhendo informações de forma automática e possibilitando a comunicação entre dispositivos. Contudo, as tecnologias existentes para a criação de redes que albergam estes novos dispositivos carecem de padrões bem definidos, dificultando a interoperabilidade entre as diversas soluções existentes. Neste projeto são estudadas e aplicadas as tecnologias mais promissoras aplicáveis ao paradigma Internet of Things, com o objetivo de encontrar um conjunto de protocolos padrão para a implementação de sistemas de automação em casas inteligentes.1 Como objetivo final deste projeto, pretende-se criar uma rede de dispositivos com capacidades sensoriais que tenham a capacidade de comunicar com o mundo externo, permitindo o acesso à rede por qualquer tipo de utilizador. Com isso, espera-se caminhar para mais perto da padronização dos protocolos inerentes à IoT e habilitar interoperabilidade entre as mais diversas soluções. São apresentados e utilizados os protocolos que mais se adaptam ao tema escolhido, tentando simplificar a rede para que esta possa ser incluída em qualquer ambiente doméstico, recorrendo a hardware de custo reduzido. Os protocolos apresentados são o 6LoWPAN, utilizando o protocolo IEEE 802.15.4 como interface de rede juntamente com endereçamento IPv6. É também utilizado o protocolo CoAP na troca de mensagens entre os dispositivos.

Analitzador gràfic de xarxa en entorn GNU

En aquest treball final de carrera es pretén desenvolupar aquest tipus de programari donant-liles funcionalitats necessàries per tal de realitzar una sèrie de filtratges i per realitzar un petit estudiestadístic sobre el tipus de paquets que hi circulen per una determinada interfície de xarxa. Així, laseva finalitat serà la programació d'un analitzador de xarxa senzill que implementi una sèrie deobjectius mínims que puguin ser ampliats en futures revisions del mateix.

Secure Dynamic MANET On-demand (SEDYMO) Routing Protocol

This paper describes the state of the art of secure ad hoc routing protocols and presents SEDYMO, a mechanism to secure a dynamic multihop ad hoc routing protocol. The proposed solution defeats internal and external attacks usinga trustworthiness model based on a distributed certification authority. Digital signatures and hash chains are used to ensure the correctness of the protocol. The protocol is compared with other alternatives in terms of security strength, energy efficiency and time delay. Both computational and transmission costs are considered and it is shown that the secure protocol overhead is not a critical factor compared to the high network interface cost.

PEAP 802.1x-tunnistuksen toteutus RADIUS-palvelimeen

Valimo iDServer -tunnistuspalvelin on ohjelmisto, joka tukee eri käyttäjientunnistusmenetelmiä, kuten tekstiviestillä lähetettävää kertakäyttösalasanaa tai normaaliakäyttäjätunnusta ja salasanaa. Tässä diplomityössä kuvataan, kuinka palvelimeenon lisätty tuki käyttäjien kirjautumiselle langattoman verkon tukiasemien ja virtuaalilähiverkkoa tukevien kytkinten kautta käyttäen normaaleja Windows-käyttöjärjestelmän mukana tulevia asiakasohjelmistoja. Työn ensimmäisessä vaiheessa kuvataan lähtökohdat ja vaatimukset tulevalle järjestelmälle. Työn osana käytännössä tehty kokonaisuus muodostuu useista eri määrityksistä koostuvista osista. Työn toisessa vaiheessa käydään läpi korkealla tasolla sovelluksen vaatimat protokollat. Osana näihin protokolliin kuului erilaisten avainten jatarkisteiden laskenta sekä salausmenetelmien käyttö, jotka myös kuvataan tässä työssä. Viimeisessä kappaleessa analysoidaan työn tuloksia jakäydään läpi toteutukseen ja itse sovelluksen toimintaan liittyvät ongelmat. Suurin osa havaituista ongelmista liittyi tilanteisiin, joihin itse palvelinsovelluksen toteutuksella ei voitu vaikuttaa. Eniten ongelmia aiheuttivat asiakasohjelmiston sekä verkkokorttien ja niiden ajureiden toiminta ongelmatilanteissa. Asiakasohjelmistoa ei selkeästi ole suunniteltu käytettäväksi kuin muuttumattomien salasanojen kanssa, koska käyttäjän näkökulmasta käyttökokemus ei ollut optimaalinen. Ongelmista huolimatta työn tuloksena saatiin asiakkaan vaatimukset täyttävä järjestelmä. Myös tuotekehitysnäkökulmasta projektia voitaneen pitää onnistuneena, koska nyt tehty sovellus luo pohjan uusien tunnistustapojen ja menetelmien toteuttamiselle tuotteen jatkokehitystä ajatellen.

Interaktiivisen asiakasrajapinnan mahdollistamat energiatehokkuutta tukevat toiminnot ja niiden kannattavuus

Automaattisen mittarinluvun yleistyminen ja asiakkaan verkkoliitynnässä käytettävän tekniikan kehittyminen luovat pohjan uudentyyppisen interaktiivisen asiakasrajanpinnan synnylle. Se voi osaltaan mahdollistaa asiakkaan entistä joustavamman sähköverkkoon liitynnän sekä nykyistä reaaliaikaisemmat ja tarkemmat mittaukset. Näiden pohjalle on mahdollista kehittää erilaisia energiatehokkuutta tukevia toimintoja ja niihin perustuvia palveluita. Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tutkia interaktiivisen asiakasrajapinnan mahdollistamia energiatehokkuutta tukevia toimintoja. Lupaavimpia toimintoja, niiden kannattavuutta ja potentiaalia energiatehokkuuden parantamisessa analysoidaan tarkemmin. Lisäksi tarkastellaan niihin tarvittavaa tekniikkaa, mittaustietoja ja tiedonsiirtoa. Nykyinen tekniikka mahdollistaa useiden erilaisten energiatehokkuutta tukevien toimintojen toteuttamisen. Tässä työssä käsiteltiin tarkemmin energiayhtiön AMR-pohjaista tasehallintaa ja sähkön pienkuluttajien hintaohjausta. AMR-pohjaisen tasehallinnan havaittiin olevan oikein kohdennettuna kannattavaa. Sähkön hintaohjaus voi laajassa mittakaavassa toteutettuna olla kannattavaa, mutta yksittäiskohteissa sen toteutuksen kustannukset ovat liian suuret. Suurimpia ongelmia energiatehokkuutta tukevien toimintojen toteutuksen kannalta muodostavat usein kiinteät kustannukset sekä yleisten rajapin-tavaatimusten ja toimintamallien puute. Tuotteiden standardointi, sarjatuotanto sekä tekniikan kehittyminen voivat mahdollistaa kiinteiden kustannusten huomattavan pienenemisen ja tätä kautta toimintojen kustannustehokkuuden paranemisen. Kehittämällä uusia yhteisiä toimintamalleja ja tuotteita voidaan käytettävissä olevaa tekniikkaa hyödyntää tehokkaammin. Myös uudet näköpiirissä olevat nopeammat ja luotettavammat tiedonsiirtotekniikat voivat mahdollistaa reaaliaikaisemmat mittaustietojen ja signaalien välitykset, mikä usein parantaa toimintojen tehokkuutta ja kannattavuutta.

Exploring Adaptive Implementation of On-Chip Networks

As technology geometries have shrunk to the deep submicron regime, the communication delay and power consumption of global interconnections in high performance Multi- Processor Systems-on-Chip (MPSoCs) are becoming a major bottleneck. The Network-on- Chip (NoC) architecture paradigm, based on a modular packet-switched mechanism, can address many of the on-chip communication issues such as performance limitations of long interconnects and integration of large number of Processing Elements (PEs) on a chip. The choice of routing protocol and NoC structure can have a significant impact on performance and power consumption in on-chip networks. In addition, building a high performance, area and energy efficient on-chip network for multicore architectures requires a novel on-chip router allowing a larger network to be integrated on a single die with reduced power consumption. On top of that, network interfaces are employed to decouple computation resources from communication resources, to provide the synchronization between them, and to achieve backward compatibility with existing IP cores. Three adaptive routing algorithms are presented as a part of this thesis. The first presented routing protocol is a congestion-aware adaptive routing algorithm for 2D mesh NoCs which does not support multicast (one-to-many) traffic while the other two protocols are adaptive routing models supporting both unicast (one-to-one) and multicast traffic. A streamlined on-chip router architecture is also presented for avoiding congested areas in 2D mesh NoCs via employing efficient input and output selection. The output selection utilizes an adaptive routing algorithm based on the congestion condition of neighboring routers while the input selection allows packets to be serviced from each input port according to its congestion level. Moreover, in order to increase memory parallelism and bring compatibility with existing IP cores in network-based multiprocessor architectures, adaptive network interface architectures are presented to use multiple SDRAMs which can be accessed simultaneously. In addition, a smart memory controller is integrated in the adaptive network interface to improve the memory utilization and reduce both memory and network latencies. Three Dimensional Integrated Circuits (3D ICs) have been emerging as a viable candidate to achieve better performance and package density as compared to traditional 2D ICs. In addition, combining the benefits of 3D IC and NoC schemes provides a significant performance gain for 3D architectures. In recent years, inter-layer communication across multiple stacked layers (vertical channel) has attracted a lot of interest. In this thesis, a novel adaptive pipeline bus structure is proposed for inter-layer communication to improve the performance by reducing the delay and complexity of traditional bus arbitration. In addition, two mesh-based topologies for 3D architectures are also introduced to mitigate the inter-layer footprint and power dissipation on each layer with a small performance penalty.

Étude de la distribution de Salmonella comme un descripteur des enjeux de biosécurité dans un réseau de production: élevages et abattoir de porcs.

La production porcine a fait l’objet de plusieurs études visant à réduire la prévalence de Salmonella sur les carcasses à l’abattoir. Ces études ont ciblé l’élevage comme une source de la contamination observée. Malgré la multitude de facteurs de risques identifiés dans les travaux antérieurs, des étapes restent à investiguer dans le réseau de production primaire porcin. L’objectif de ce projet était de décrire la contamination à l’interface du réseau de production porcin: entre la ferme et l’abattoir. Pour ce faire, un réseau composé de dix fermes et un abattoir a été choisi incluant les trasporteurs. Trente visites de fermes, 36 suivis de camions lors du chargement - livraison et 18 investigations de la cour arrière de l’abattoir ont été réalisés au cours des 13 mois de la phase terrain du projet. De ces 738 échantillons, les résultats ont démontré des profils spécifiques de fermes cumulant 9 sérovars de Salmonella et 4 lysotypes différents de S. Typhimurium. Le quai de chargement à la ferme présentait 34,21% d’échantillons positifs. Des isolats non différenciables de S. Derby contaminaient ce site pour quatre fermes distinctes. Dans la cour d’abattoir, Salmonella a été retrouvée abondamment sur tous les trajets de circulation des camions (67% n=144). L’existence d’un lien dynamique de contamination par le camion de livraison des porcs lors des opérations de livraison à l’interface élevage- abattoir a été documentée. Cette interface représente un réservoir de Salmonella et donc un risque permanent de contamination croisée du réseau de production vers l’abattoir mais aussi de retour vers l’élevage

Especificação de uma rede MPLS fim-a-fim com diferenciação de serviços

New multimedia applications that use the Internet as a communication media are pressing for the development of new technologies, such as: MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) and DiffServ. These technologies introduce new and powerful features to the Internet backbone, as the provision of QoS (Quality of Service) capabilities. However, to obtain a true end-to-end QoS, it is not enough to implement such technologies in the network core, it becomes indispensable to extend such improvements to the access networks, what is the aim of the several works presently under development. To contribute to this process, this Thesis presents the RSVP-SVC (Resource Reservation Protocol Switched Virtual Connection) that consists in an extension of RSVP-TE. The RSVP-SVC is presented herein as a mean to support a true end-to-end QoS, through the extension of MPLS scope. Thus, it is specified a Switched Virtual Connection (SVC) service to be used in the context of a MPLS User-to-Network Interface (MPLS UNI), that is able to efficiently establish and activate Label Switched Paths (LSP), starting from the access routers that satisfy the QoS requirements demanded by the applications. The RSVP-SVC was specified in Estelle, a Formal Description Technique (FDT) standardized by ISO. The edition, compilation, verification and simulation of RSVP-SVC were made by the EDT (Estelle Development Toolset) software. The benefits and most important issues to be considered when using the proposed protocol are also included

Desenvolvimento de um nó de rede com diferentes interfaces de acordo com o padrão IEEE 1451 utilizando o processador nios II e o sistema operacional embarcado uclinux

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Power Converters and Electric Drives for Smart Grid Applications

The present dissertation aims to explore, theoretically and experimentally, the problems and the potential advantages of different types of power converters for “Smart Grid” applications, with particular emphasis on multi-level architectures, which are attracting a rising interest even for industrial requests. The models of the main multilevel architectures (Diode-Clamped and Cascaded) are shown. The best suited modulation strategies to function as a network interface are identified. In particular, the close correlation between PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) approach and SVM (Space Vector Modulation) approach is highlighted. An innovative multilevel topology called MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter) is investigated, and the single-phase, three-phase and "back to back" configurations are analyzed. Specific control techniques that can manage, in an appropriate way, the charge level of the numerous capacitors and handle the power flow in a flexible way are defined and experimentally validated. Another converter that is attracting interest in “Power Conditioning Systems” field is the “Matrix Converter”. Even in this architecture, the output voltage is multilevel. It offers an high quality input current, a bidirectional power flow and has the possibility to control the input power factor (i.e. possibility to participate to active and reactive power regulations). The implemented control system, that allows fast data acquisition for diagnostic purposes, is described and experimentally verified.

Towards Energy Consumption Measurement in a Cloud Computing Wireless Testbed

The evolution of the Next Generation Networks, especially the wireless broadband access technologies such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), have increased the number of "all-IP" networks across the world. The enhanced capabilities of these access networks has spearheaded the cloud computing paradigm, where the end-users aim at having the services accessible anytime and anywhere. The services availability is also related with the end-user device, where one of the major constraints is the battery lifetime. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and minimize the energy consumed by the end-user devices, given its significance for the user perceived quality of the cloud computing services. In this paper, an empirical methodology to measure network interfaces energy consumption is proposed. By employing this methodology, an experimental evaluation of energy consumption in three different cloud computing access scenarios (including WiMAX) were performed. The empirical results obtained show the impact of accurate network interface states management and application network level design in the energy consumption. Additionally, the achieved outcomes can be used in further software-based models to optimized energy consumption, and increase the Quality of Experience (QoE) perceived by the end-users.