Ocean acidification alleviates low-temperature effects on growth and photosynthesis of the red alga Neosiphonia harveyi (Rhodophyta)

This study aimed to examine interactive effects between ocean acidification and temperature on the photosynthetic and growth performance of Neosiphonia harveyi. N. harveyi was cultivated at 10 and 17.5 °C at present (~380 µatm), expected future (~800 µatm), and high (~1500 µatm) pCO2. Chlorophyll a fluorescence, net photosynthesis, and growth were measured. The state of the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) was examined by pH-drift experiments (with algae cultivated at 10 °C only) using ethoxyzolamide, an inhibitor of external and internal carbonic anhydrases (exCA and intCA, respectively). Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of acetazolamide (an inhibitor of exCA) and Tris (an inhibitor of the acidification of the diffusive boundary layer) on net photosynthesis was measured at both temperatures. Temperature affected photosynthesis (in terms of photosynthetic efficiency, light saturation point, and net photosynthesis) and growth at present pCO2, but these effects decreased with increasing pCO2. The relevance of the CCM decreased at 10 °C. A pCO2 effect on the CCM could only be shown if intCA and exCA were inhibited. The experiments demonstrate for the first time interactions between ocean acidification and temperature on the performance of a non-calcifying macroalga and show that the effects of low temperature on photosynthesis can be alleviated by increasing pCO2. The findings indicate that the carbon acquisition mediated by exCA and acidification of the diffusive boundary layer decrease at low temperatures but are not affected by the cultivation level of pCO2, whereas the activity of intCA is affected by pCO2. Ecologically, the findings suggest that ocean acidification might affect the biogeographical distribution of N. harveyi.

Reavaliação das características morfológicas e suas implicações taxonômicas no gênero Polysiphonia sensu lato (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) do litoral dos Estados de São Paulo e Espírito Santo, Brasil

O gênero Polysiphonia Grev. tem uma circunscrição ampla e é heterogêneo em características vegetativas e reprodutivas. O presente trabalho visa o estudo detalhado e a reavaliação das espécies de Polysiphonia sensu lato que ocorrem nos Estados do Espírito Santo e São Paulo, tendo em vista os critérios taxonômicos recentes, que levaram à subdivisão do gêneroem Polysiphonia e Neosiphonia M.-S. Kim & I.K. Lee. Neste trabalho, são estudadas cinco espécies de Polysiphonia e seis espécies de Neosiphonia, sendo que Neosiphonia ferulacea (Suhr ex J. Agardh) S.M. Guim. & M.T. Fujii, N. gorgoniae (Harv.) S.M. Guim. & M.T. Fujii e N. tepida (Hollenb.) S.M. Guim. & M.T. Fujii são propostas como combinações novas. Neosiphonia harveyi (Bailey) M.-S. Kim, H.-G. Choi, Guiry & G.W. Saunders é referida pela primeira vez para o Atlântico Sul, representando uma ocorrência incomum, por ser integrante da flora temperada fria do Atlântico Norte, enquanto as demais espécies de Polysiphonia sensu lato descritas para o Brasil estão relacionadas a condições tropicais e subtropicais.

Data compilation on the biological response to ocean acidification: environmental and experimental context of data sets and related literature

The exponential growth of studies on the biological response to ocean acidification over the last few decades has generated a large amount of data. To facilitate data comparison, a data compilation hosted at the data publisher PANGAEA was initiated in 2008 and is updated on a regular basis (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.149999). By January 2015, a total of 581 data sets (over 4 000 000 data points) from 539 papers had been archived. Here we present the developments of this data compilation five years since its first description by Nisumaa et al. (2010). Most of study sites from which data archived are still in the Northern Hemisphere and the number of archived data from studies from the Southern Hemisphere and polar oceans are still relatively low. Data from 60 studies that investigated the response of a mix of organisms or natural communities were all added after 2010, indicating a welcomed shift from the study of individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. The initial imbalance of considerably more data archived on calcification and primary production than on other processes has improved. There is also a clear tendency towards more data archived from multifactorial studies after 2010. For easier and more effective access to ocean acidification data, the ocean acidification community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the data archiving effort, and help develop standard vocabularies describing the variables and define best practices for archiving ocean acidification data.