18 resultados para Neodímio
Resumo:
Nowadays the catalyst systems based on neodymium are the ones most used in the high cis polybutadiene production. These systems contain a neodymium compound (catalyst), an alkylaluminium compound (cocatalyst) and a halogen compound (halogenating agent). The microstructure, molecular weight characteristics and the reaction activity are influenced by the nature and concentration of catalyst system components. Those characteristics are also affected by the polymerization conditions. This paper presents a brief review on 1,4-cis-butadiene polymerization on neodymium catalysts.
Resumo:
In this work we describe the processing of poly(styrene sulphonate) films (PSS) doped with neodymium (Nd). Optical density measurements in the UV-Vis-NIR region show the typical bands observed for neodymium chloride (NdCl3) in solution. In the case of films, the intensity ratio between the peaks at 800 nm (4I9/2 -> 4F5/2 + ²H7/2) and 580 nm (4I9/2 -> 4G5/2 + ²G7/2) is equal to 0.83. Infrared spectra present an enhancement in the absorption region of aromatic rings. Site selective luminescence spectroscopy shows that the incorporation of Nd introduces a hipsochromic shift and a line shape definition in UV luminescence compared to PSS film, decreasing the interaction between aromatic groups. In addition, the film exhibits an intense radiative transition at 1061 nm (4F3/2->4I11/2), comparable to the one present in crystalline materials doped with Nd.
Resumo:
O presente trabalho discorre sobre o desenvolvimento de uma nova técnica para análise isotópica de Sm-Nd com uso de um traçador combinado de Nd145/Sm149 e de somente a coluna primária, que envolve apenas razões que não requerem correção por interferência isobárica. O trabalho divide-se em duas partes: (i) na primeira parte está apresentado um breve histórico da aplicação da metodologia Sm/Nd e a sua prática rotineira nos laboratórios de geocronologia; (ii) na segunda parte, a nova metodologia Sm/Nd proposta envolvendo calibrações de um traçador combinado de Nd145 e Sm149 e os resultados obtidos nas análises de 3 amostras pré-selecionadas, incluindo uma amostra de referência (BHVO-2) e um teste da validade da técnica de se traçar uma amostra em alíquota. A razão Sm147/Sm149 e as razões de Nd (Nd143/Nd145, Nd143/Nd146 e Nd145/Nd146) nas amostras foram analisadas simultaneamente utilizando um arranjo triplo de filamento (Ta, Re, Ta). A presença de outros ETR não interferiu na eficiência de ionização, sendo as emissões do Sm e do Nd praticamente simultâneas. Esse fato implica que para corrigir o fracionamento observado na razão Sm147/Sm149 pode ser usada a razão Nd143/Nd146 = 0,7101232. A correção de fracionamento, como é empregado no método convencional, reduz os erros nos cálculos das concentrações de Sm e Nd. A razão Nd143/Nd144 normalizada, necessária para idades modelo ou isócrona, é derivada da multiplicação da razão Nd143/Nd145 obtida na amostra natural normalizada para Nd145/Nd146 = 0,482620 por um fator constante de 0,348404. Esse valor de normalização estabelecido é baseado em 45 análises independentes em duas amostras de referência laboratorial (SPEX e Johnson Mattey) obtidas no modo dinâmico de análise utilizando um espectrômetro de massa da VG Sector equipado com 9 coletores A razão Nd143/Nd144 calculada e a idade modelo TDM são plenamente concordantes quando comparadas aos valores obtidos pelo método convencional. Algumas restrições podem surgir quando os valores de Sm e Nd obtidos nas alíquotas forem comparados com os resultados obtidos da amostra total. Pequenas discrepâncias, provavelmente atribuíveis à não homogeneização da solução final, podem ser irrelevantes, uma vez que as razões Sm147/Nd144 e Nd143/N144d derivada estão dentro dos erros experimentais (2s). Para laboratórios de geocronologia com um espectrômetro de massa equipado com pelo menos 5 coletores e com o método Rb/Sr implementado, a nova metodologia proposta para o método Sm/Nd constitui-se em uma alternativa de aplicação quase imediata, desde que a solução de traçador combinado Nd145 e Sm149 esteja bem calibrada e a coluna de resina catiônica tenha resolução adequada para eficiente separação dos elementos terras raras.
Resumo:
In this study five compositions were synthesized zirconia doped with cerium and neodymium ions in the system Ce10-xNdx Zr90O2 with 0,5 ≤ x ≤ 4,0 using the Pechini method. The powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, with application of Rietveld refinement of the calcination temperatures of 350ºC/3h and 30 minutes at 900ºC/3h. All compositions stabilized with a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phase zirconia. The samples were pressed into bars and sintered at 1500°C/3h and 1500°C/6h, being characterized by Xray diffraction, with application of the Rietveld refinement, density and porosity using Archimedes method, scanning electron microscopy and resistance the three point bending. It has been observed the increase in strength with increasing sintering temperature for the compositions x = 2,0 and x = 4,0. For x = 2,0 the main phase was the cubic with 92,56% with crystallite size of 0,56 μm, density and porosity of 96,82% from 1,36%. For x = 4,0 was a mixture of cubic and tetragonal phase with 21% and 37,98%, respectively. The crystallite size was 54,21 nm and 49,64 nm with a density porosity of 97,45% and 1,32% respectively. In the analysis of the fracture surface was observed a greater amount of grain fracture intragranular type, which contribute to increase the mechanical strength of the ceramic. Increased addition of the neodymium ion in the crystal lattice of the zirconium showed a nearly linear behavior with increasing mechanical strength of the zirconia ceramic. Was obtained a bending resistance of 537 ± 38 MPa for the composition x = 2,0 predominantly attributed to cubic phase with 92,56%
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
Resumo:
Magnetic fields can be produced by natural magnets, artificial magnets, and by circulating electric currents in wires and solenoids. An interesting experiment to observe the interaction between the magnetic field and free charges in a conductor, a magnet falling inside a tube made of conductive materials. The slowing down of the magnet by the appearance of a field in the opposite direction to the original one (Lenz's Law) is function the number of free electrons in the conductor and the electrical properties of this. Based on this, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between the electrical properties of conductors, copper and aluminum, with magnetic force on a neodymium magnet-iron-boron magnet falling inside a copper tube and aluminum, positioned vertically. In performing this experiment, we observed that it is a demonstration of Lenz-Faraday’s Law
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
This Final Paper had as it main goal to make a thermoanalytical study of lighter trivalent lanthanides (Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Samarium and Europium) with the Ibuprofen ligand (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) that have a general formula LnL3.nH2O, on solid state, where Ln are the Lanthanides, L is the Ibuprofen ligand and n = number of water molecules of hydration that went from 1,0 to all the compounds. In order to characterize this compounds, it has been used the thermoanalytical techniques TG-DTA (thermogravimetry - Diferential Thermal Analysis) and DSC (Diferential Scanning Calorimetry), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and complexometric titration with EDTA. Through the TG-DTA technique, it has been possible to set the thermal stability of the compounds, the number of thermal decomposition steps and temperatures that ocurred that also provided stoichiometry to the synthesized compounds. The DSC technique has shown the enthalpy of dehydration of the samarium and europium compounds, it was not possible to see it in the other compounds due to a endothermic peak on the DSC curve not being formed. In the case of neodymium, a thermal event ocurred, in which it could be a oxidative decarboxylation right after the dehydration. The infrared was utilised to study the carboxilate groups streches, and so, suggest a ligand metals compound coordination, that to this present paper has been a bidentade bridged coordenation. At last, the complexometric tritation was used to very the ammount of metal present in each compound, and so, verify if the proposed stoichiometry was according to the theory