Using Neo4J geospatial data storage and integration

Online geographic-databases have been growing increasingly as they have become a crucial source of information for both social networks and safety-critical systems. Since the quality of such applications is largely related to the richness and completeness of their data, it becomes imperative to develop adaptable and persistent storage systems, able to make use of several sources of information as well as enabling the fastest possible response from them. This work will create a shared and extensible geographic model, able to retrieve and store information from the major spatial sources available. A geographic-based system also has very high requirements in terms of scalability, computational power and domain complexity, causing several difficulties for a traditional relational database as the number of results increases. NoSQL systems provide valuable advantages for this scenario, in particular graph databases which are capable of modeling vast amounts of inter-connected data while providing a very substantial increase of performance for several spatial requests, such as finding shortestpath routes and performing relationship lookups with high concurrency. In this work, we will analyze the current state of geographic information systems and develop a unified geographic model, named GeoPlace Explorer (GE). GE is able to import and store spatial data from several online sources at a symbolic level in both a relational and a graph databases, where several stress tests were performed in order to find the advantages and disadvantages of each database paradigm.

Dbms basati sui grafi: Analisi e prototipazione di neo4j.

L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di mettere a confronto due mondi: quello dei DBMS relazionali e quello dei DBMS a grafo, con lo scopo di comprendere meglio quest'ultimo. Perciò, sono state scelte le due tecnologie che meglio rappresentano i loro mondi: Oracle per gli RDBMS e Neo4j per i Graph DBMS. I due DBMS sono stati sottoposti ad una serie di interrogazioni atte a testare le performance al variare di determinati fattori, come la selettività, il numero di join che Oracle effettua, etc. I test svolti si collocano nell'ambito business intelligence e in particolare in quello dell’analisi OLAP.

Snapshot isolation for Neo4j

NoSQL data stores are becoming more and more popular. Graph databases are one of this kind of data stores. In this paper we present an overview of the implementation of snapshot isolation for Neo4j, a very popular graph database.

Implementazione di una infrastruttura basata su Kafka e Storm per il Mobile Cloud computing

Lo scopo dell'elaborato di tesi è l'analisi, progettazione e sviluppo di un prototipo di una infrastruttura cloud in grado di gestire un grande flusso di eventi generati da dispositivi mobili. Questi utilizzano informazioni come la posizione assunta e il valore dei sensori locali di cui possono essere equipaggiati al fine di realizzare il proprio funzionamento. Le informazioni così ottenute vengono trasmesse in modo da ottenere una rete di device in grado di acquisire autonomamente informazioni sull'ambiente ed auto-organizzarsi. La costruzione di tale struttura si colloca in un più ampio ambito di ricerca che punta a integrare metodi per la comunicazione ravvicinata con il cloud al fine di permettere la comunicazione tra dispositivi vicini in qualsiasi situazione che si potrebbe presentare in una situazione reale. A definire le specifiche della infrastruttura e quindi a impersonare il ruolo di committente è stato il relatore, Prof. Mirko Viroli, mentre lo sviluppo è stato portato avanti da me e dal correlatore, Ing. Pietro Brunetti. Visti gli studi precedenti riguardanti il cloud computing nell'area dei sistemi complessi distribuiti, Brunetti ha dato il maggiore contributo nella fase di analisi del problema e di progettazione mentre la parte riguardante la effettiva gestione degli eventi, le computazioni in cloud e lo storage dei dati è stata maggiormente affrontata da me. In particolare mi sono occupato dello studio e della implementazione del backend computazionale, basato sulla tecnologia Apache Storm, della componente di storage dei dati, basata su Neo4j, e della costruzione di un pannello di visualizzazione basato su AJAX e Linkurious. A questo va aggiunto lo studio su Apache Kafka, utilizzato come tecnologia per realizzare la comunicazione asincrona ad alte performance tra le componenti. Si è reso necessario costruire un simulatore al fine di condurre i test per verificare il funzionamento della infrastruttura prototipale e per saggiarne l'effettiva scalabilità, considerato il potenziale numero di dispositivi da sostenere che può andare dalle decine alle migliaia. La sfida più importante riguarda la gestione della vicinanza tra dispositivi e la possibilità di scalare la computazione su più macchine. Per questo motivo è stato necessario far uso di tecnologie per l'esecuzione delle operazioni di memorizzazione, calcolo e trasmissione dei dati in grado di essere eseguite su un cluster e garantire una accettabile fault-tolerancy. Da questo punto di vista i lavori che hanno portato alla costruzione della infrastruttura sono risultati essere un'ottima occasione per prendere familiarità con tecnologie prima sconosciute. Quasi tutte le tecnologie utilizzate fanno parte dell'ecosistema Apache e, come esposto all'interno della tesi, stanno ricevendo una grande attenzione da importanti realtà proprio in questo periodo, specialmente Apache Storm e Kafka. Il software prodotto per la costruzione della infrastruttura è completamente sviluppato in Java a cui si aggiunge la componente web di visualizzazione sviluppata in Javascript.

A Dynamic Route Planning Prototype for Cognitive Cities

A software prototype for dynamic route planning in the travel industry for cognitive cities is presented in this paper. In contrast to existing tools, the prototype enhances the travel experience (i.e., sightseeing) by allowing additional flexibility to the user. The theoretical background of the paper strengthens the understanding of the introduced concepts (e.g., cognitive cities, fuzzy logic, graph databases) to comprehend the presented prototype. The prototype applies an instantiation and enhancement of the graph database Neo4j . For didactical reasons and to strengthen the understanding of this prototype a scenario, applied to route planning in the city of Bern (Switzerland) is shown in the paper.

CloudRoom: una plataforma universitaria social, semántica y ubicua

Estamos viviendo la era de la Internetificación. A día de hoy, las conexiones a Internet se asumen presentes en nuestro entorno como una necesidad más. La Web, se ha convertido en un lugar de generación de contenido por los usuarios. Una información generada, que sobrepasa la idea con la que surgió esta, ya que en la mayoría de casos, su contenido no se ha diseñado más que para ser consumido por humanos, y no por máquinas. Esto supone un cambio de mentalidad en la forma en que diseñamos sistemas capaces de soportar una carga computacional y de almacenamiento que crece sin un fin aparente. Al mismo tiempo, vivimos un momento de crisis de la educación superior: los altos costes de una educación de calidad suponen una amenaza para el mundo académico. Mediante el uso de la tecnología, se puede lograr un incremento de la productividad, y una reducción en dichos costes en un campo, en el que apenas se ha avanzado desde el Renacimiento. En CloudRoom se ha diseñado una plataforma MOOC con una arquitectura ajustada a las últimas convenciones en Cloud Computing, que implica el uso de Servicios REST, bases de datos NoSQL, y que hace uso de las últimas recomendaciones del W3C en materia de desarrollo web y Linked Data. Para su construcción, se ha hecho uso de métodos ágiles de Ingeniería del Software, técnicas de Interacción Persona-Ordenador, y tecnologías de última generación como Neo4j, Redis, Node.js, AngularJS, Bootstrap, HTML5, CSS3 o Amazon Web Services. Se ha realizado un trabajo integral de Ingeniería Informática, combinando prácticamente la totalidad de aquellas áreas de conocimiento fundamentales en Informática. En definitiva se han ideado las bases de un sistema distribuido robusto, mantenible, con características sociales y semánticas, que puede ser ejecutado en múltiples dispositivos, y que es capaz de responder ante millones de usuarios. We are living through an age of Internetification. Nowadays, Internet connections are a utility whose presence one can simply assume. The web has become a place of generation of content by users. The information generated surpasses the notion with which the World Wide Web emerged because, in most cases, this content has been designed to be consumed by humans and not by machines. This fact implies a change of mindset in the way that we design systems; these systems should be able to support a computational and storage capacity that apparently grows endlessly. At the same time, our education system is in a state of crisis: the high costs of high-quality education threaten the academic world. With the use of technology, we could achieve an increase of productivity and quality, and a reduction of these costs in this field, which has remained largely unchanged since the Renaissance. In CloudRoom, a MOOC platform has been designed with an architecture that satisfies the last conventions on Cloud Computing; which involves the use of REST services, NoSQL databases, and uses the last recommendations from W3C in terms of web development and Linked Data. For its building process, agile methods of Software Engineering, Human-Computer Interaction techniques, and state of the art technologies such as Neo4j, Redis, Node.js, AngularJS, Bootstrap, HTML5, CSS3 or Amazon Web Services have been used. Furthermore, a comprehensive Informatics Engineering work has been performed, by combining virtually all of the areas of knowledge in Computer Science. Summarizing, the pillars of a robust, maintainable, and distributed system have been devised; a system with social and semantic capabilities, which runs in multiple devices, and scales to millions of users.

CloudRoom: módulo de gestión de cursos online, abiertos y masivos

La razón de este proyecto, es la de desarrollar el módulo de cursos de la plataforma de Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs), CloudRoom. Dicho módulo está englobado en una arquitectura orientada a servicios (SOA) y en una infraestructura de Cloud Computing utilizando Amazon Web Services (AWS). Nuestro objetivo es el de diseñar un Software as a Service (SaaS) robusto con las cualidades que a un producto de este tipo se le estiman: alta disponibilidad, alto rendimiento, gran experiencia de usuario y gran extensibilidad del sistema. Para lograrlo, se llevará a cabo la integración de las últimas tendencias tecnológicas dentro del desarrollo de sistemas distribuidos como Neo4j, Node.JS, Servicios RESTful, CoffeeScript. Todo esto siguiendo un estrategia de desarrollo PLAN-DO-CHECK utilizando Scrum y prácticas de metodologías ágiles. ---ABSTRACT---The reason of this Project is to develop the courses‟ module of CloudRoom, a Massive Online Open Courses platform. This module is encapsulated in a service-oriented architecture (SOA) based on a Cloud Computing infrastructure built on Amazon Web Services (AWS). Our goal is to design a robust Software as a Service (SaaS) with the qualities that are estimated in a product of this type: high availability, high performance, great user experience and great extensibility of the system. In order to address this, we carry out the integration of the latest technology trends in the development of distributed systems: Neo4j, Node.JS, RESTful Services and CoffeeScript. All of this, following a development strategy PLAN-DO-CHECK, using Scrum and practices of agile methodologies.

Modelado y visualización de grafos con datos masivos

El tratamiento de datos masivos es una tendencia cada día más extendida. Una parte fundamental del proceso de análisis de estos datos es su modelado y posterior visualización. El objetivo de este trabajo de fin de Grado, es trabajar con las últimas tecnologías en estos dos campos y lograr tratar una cantidad masiva de datos, que permita analizar la información de una forma interactiva, sencilla e intuitiva. Para el modelado de datos se usará Neo4j, una herramienta de código libre que permite montar una base de datos basada en grafos. Finalmente, la información resultante se visualizará mediante la librería D3 de Javascript, ofertando una visión clara de los datos existente y permitiendo interactuar con ellos para obtener la información que se requiera.

Comparison of Architectures and Performance of Database Replication Systems

One of the most demanding needs in cloud computing and big data is that of having scalable and highly available databases. One of the ways to attend these needs is to leverage the scalable replication techniques developed in the last decade. These techniques allow increasing both the availability and scalability of databases. Many replication protocols have been proposed during the last decade. The main research challenge was how to scale under the eager replication model, the one that provides consistency across replicas. This thesis provides an in depth study of three eager database replication systems based on relational systems: Middle-R, C-JDBC and MySQL Cluster and three systems based on In-Memory Data Grids: JBoss Data Grid, Oracle Coherence and Terracotta Ehcache. Thesis explore these systems based on their architecture, replication protocols, fault tolerance and various other functionalities. It also provides experimental analysis of these systems using state-of-the art benchmarks: TPC-C and TPC-W (for relational systems) and Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark (In- Memory Data Grids). Thesis also discusses three Graph Databases, Neo4j, Titan and Sparksee based on their architecture and transactional capabilities and highlights the weaker transactional consistencies provided by these systems. It discusses an implementation of snapshot isolation in Neo4j graph database to provide stronger isolation guarantees for transactions.

Garbage collection optimization for non uniform memory access architectures

Cache-coherent non uniform memory access (ccNUMA) architecture is a standard design pattern for contemporary multicore processors, and future generations of architectures are likely to be NUMA. NUMA architectures create new challenges for managed runtime systems. Memory-intensive applications use the system’s distributed memory banks to allocate data, and the automatic memory manager collects garbage left in these memory banks. The garbage collector may need to access remote memory banks, which entails access latency overhead and potential bandwidth saturation for the interconnection between memory banks. This dissertation makes five significant contributions to garbage collection on NUMA systems, with a case study implementation using the Hotspot Java Virtual Machine. It empirically studies data locality for a Stop-The-World garbage collector when tracing connected objects in NUMA heaps. First, it identifies a locality richness which exists naturally in connected objects that contain a root object and its reachable set— ‘rooted sub-graphs’. Second, this dissertation leverages the locality characteristic of rooted sub-graphs to develop a new NUMA-aware garbage collection mechanism. A garbage collector thread processes a local root and its reachable set, which is likely to have a large number of objects in the same NUMA node. Third, a garbage collector thread steals references from sibling threads that run on the same NUMA node to improve data locality. This research evaluates the new NUMA-aware garbage collector using seven benchmarks of an established real-world DaCapo benchmark suite. In addition, evaluation involves a widely used SPECjbb benchmark and Neo4J graph database Java benchmark, as well as an artificial benchmark. The results of the NUMA-aware garbage collector on a multi-hop NUMA architecture show an average of 15% performance improvement. Furthermore, this performance gain is shown to be as a result of an improved NUMA memory access in a ccNUMA system. Fourth, the existing Hotspot JVM adaptive policy for configuring the number of garbage collection threads is shown to be suboptimal for current NUMA machines. The policy uses outdated assumptions and it generates a constant thread count. In fact, the Hotspot JVM still uses this policy in the production version. This research shows that the optimal number of garbage collection threads is application-specific and configuring the optimal number of garbage collection threads yields better collection throughput than the default policy. Fifth, this dissertation designs and implements a runtime technique, which involves heuristics from dynamic collection behavior to calculate an optimal number of garbage collector threads for each collection cycle. The results show an average of 21% improvements to the garbage collection performance for DaCapo benchmarks.

Integration of a graph-based model indexer in commercial modelling tools

Softeam has over 20 years of experience providing UML-based modelling solutions, such as its Modelio modelling tool, and its Constellation enterprise model management and collaboration environment. Due to the increasing number and size of the models used by Softeam’s clients, Softeam joined the MONDO FP7 EU research project, which worked on solutions for these scalability challenges and produced the Hawk model indexer among other results. This paper presents the technical details and several case studies on the integration of Hawk into Softeam’s toolset. The first case study measured the performance of Hawk’s Modelio support using varying amounts of memory for the Neo4j backend. In another case study, Hawk was integrated into Constellation to provide scalable global querying of model repositories. Finally, the combination of Hawk and the Epsilon Generation Language was compared against Modelio for document generation: for the largest model, Hawk was two orders of magnitude faster.