The history of man, or, The wonders of human nature : in relation to the virtues, vices, and defects of both sexes : with examples, ancient and modern, alphabetically digested under their proper heads : the whole work being intermixed with variety of useful and divertive relations.

Abridged and rearranged from N. Wanley's Wonders of the little world--BM.

A natureza e a relação sociedade-natureza na memória de velhas professoras

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Ancrage de l'idéologie de l'Union des producteurs agricoles et de l'utopie de l'Union paysanne dans des significations imaginaires sociales.

Le but de cette thèse est de découvrir l'idéologie de l'Union des producteurs agricoles et l'utopie de l'Union paysanne et de les interpréter à la lumière de "significations imaginaires sociales" déterminantes de notre période historique. Dans la première partie de notre thèse, nous présentons l'évolution de l'imaginaire social du syndicalisme agricole québécois de 1924 à 2005. Nous distinguons quatre périodes et notre étude s'attarde à la dernière, c'est-à-dire celle qui débute en 2001 avec la naissance de l'Union paysanne. Afin d'étudier cette période nous présentons d'abord l'imaginaire social de la société, c'est-à-dire une configuration de significations imaginaires sociales (SIS) - des "idées-valeurs" générales et "englobantes" - qui fait qu'une société est ce qu'elle est et qu'elle ne pourrait être autrement compte tenu de son noyau de SIS. Ensuite, nous constatons que les travaux d'auteurs importants nous permettent de parler de niveaux et types d'imaginaires sociaux et d'établir des relations entre ces niveaux et formes d'imaginaires sociaux. C'est par l'entremise de la problématique générale agriculture-ruralité que nous démontrons, dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, que des imaginaires sociaux "intermédiaires" - l'idéologie de l'UPA et l'utopie de la "minorité active", l'UP - permettent, en les ancrant dans quelqu'un et dans quelque chose, d'une part de découvrir les SIS de l'imaginaire social de la société et, d'autre part, de comprendre et d'interpréter ces deux imaginaires sociaux à la lumière des SIS. La problématique agriculture-ruralité est "opérationnalisée" à l'aide des trois dimensions suivantes: rapport à soi, rapport à l'autre et rapport à la nature. Le rapport à soi dévoile que la sphère du travail de l'agriculteur-éleveur dans l'idéologie de l'UPA correspond à la "sphère de la nécessité" qui implique notamment l'hétéronomie des agriculteurs, alors que l'utopie de l'UP la souhaite à la fois comme "sphère de la nécessité" et comme sphère de l'autonomie. Le rapport à l'autre permet de découvrir une utopie préconisant l'égalité des chances entre différents types d'agriculteurs et d'agricultures et entre la relève et les agriculteurs établis ainsi que l'égalité politique en territoire rural agricole. Dans l'idéologie de l'UPA, l'inégalité des chances et l'inégalité politique sont discutables mais inéluctables. Enfin, abstraction faite des nuances, la relation agriculture et nature est à l'utopie de l'UP ce que la relation agriculture ou nature est à l'idéologie de l'UPA. La construction partielle de l'idéologie et de l'utopie, nous permet, dans la troisième et dernière partie de cette thèse, d'y découvrir les SIS et de démontrer que l'utopie trouve son sens et sa cohérence en l'interprétant par l'entremise du naturalisme-écologie, de l'"autonomie" et de l'"autolimitation" comme SIS dominantes et de l'"expansion illimitée de la maîtrise rationnelle" (technique) et du capitalisme (économique) comme SIS "secondaires". Nous découvrons l'inverse dans l'idéologie de l'UPA. Les SIS dominantes et les SIS "secondaires" de l'utopie de l'UP sont respectivement les SIS secondaires et les SIS dominantes sous-jacentes à l'idéologie de l'UPA, ce qui correspond à la configuration des SIS dominantes de l'imaginaire social des sociétés constitutives de l'Occident contemporain.

Memória de velhas professoras: a natureza e a relação sociedade-natureza

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar, a partir da memória de velhas professoras, as concepções de natureza e de relação sociedade-natureza presentes nos depoimentos de professoras que atuaram na rede pública estadual de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Constatou-se, por meio das leituras das narrativas, que as professoras apresentam a natureza por meio de diferentes concepções. No que diz respeito à relação sociedade-natureza, evidencia-se a relação conflituosa que se estabelece entre o homem e a natureza. No geral, o homem foi apresentado como aquele que destrói a natureza, caracterizado pelas professoras como ruim e ignorante. Tentar compreender como a natureza e a relação sociedade-natureza se fazem presentes na memória dessas professoras pode contribuir para a construção de novas formas de relação sociedade-natureza nos dias atuais.

Educação ambiental e o uso de agrotóxicos

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

Charles Segal. Sophocles' Tragic World. Divinity, Nature. Sociery. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1998, XII + 276 pp.

Fil: Nelli, María Florencia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Charles Segal. Sophocles' Tragic World. Divinity, Nature. Sociery. Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press, 1998, XII + 276 pp.

Fil: Nelli, María Florencia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Citizenship in the discourse of Egyptian political parties. EUSpring Working Paper No. 6, June 2015 [also Citizenship Report no. 3]

The concept of citizenship is one of the most complicated in political and social sciences. Its long process of historical development makes dealing with it particularly complicated. Citizenship is by nature a multi-dimensional concept: there is a legal citizenship, referring first to the equal legal status of individuals, for instance the equality between men and women. Legal citizenship also refers to a political dimension, the right to start and/or join political parties, or political participation more broadly. Thirdly, it has a religious dimension relating to the right of all religious groups to equally and freely practice their religious customs and rituals. Finally, legal citizenship possesses a socio-economic dimension related to the non-marginalisation of different social categories, for instance women. All of these dimensions, far from being purely objects of legal texts and codifications, are emerging as an arena of political struggle within the Egyptian society. Citizenship as a concept has its roots in European history and, more specifically, the emergence of the nation state in Europe and the ensuing economic and social developments in these societies. These social developments and the rise of the nation state have worked in parallel, fostering the notion of an individual citizen bestowed with rights and obligations. This gradual interaction was very different from what happened in the context of the Arab world. The emerging of the nation state in Egypt was an outcome of modernisation efforts from the top-down; it coercively redesigned the social structure, by eliminating or weakening some social classes in favour of others. These efforts have had an impact on the state-society relation at least in two respects. First, on the overlapping relation between some social classes and the state, and second, on the ability of some social groups to self-organise, define and raise their demands. This study identifies how different political parties in Egypt envision the multi-dimensional concept of citizenship. We focus on the following elements: Nature of the state (identity, nature of the regime) Liberties and rights (election laws, political party laws, etc.) Right to gather and organise (syndicates, associations, etc.) Freedom of expression and speech (right to protest, sit in, strike, etc.) Public and individual liberties (freedom of belief, personal issues, etc.) Rights of marginalised groups (women, minorities, etc.)

The relation of Sydnam Poyntz, 1624-1636;

Includes bibliographical references.

Dominant PRPF31 Mutations Are Hypostatic to a Recessive CNOT3 Polymorphism in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Novel Phenomenon of "Linked Trans-Acting Epistasis".

Mutations in PRPF31 are responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP, RP11 form) and affected families show nonpenetrance. Differential expression of the wildtype PRPF31 allele is responsible for this phenomenon: coinheritance of a mutation and a higher expressing wildtype allele provide protection against development of disease. It has been suggested that a major modulating factor lies in close proximity to the wildtype PRPF31 gene on Chromosome 19, implying that a cis-acting factor directly alters PRPF31 expression. Variable expression of CNOT3 is one determinant of PRPF31 expression. This study explored the relationship between CNOT3 (a trans-acting factor) and its paradoxical cis-acting nature in relation to RP11. Linkage analysis on Chromosome 19 was performed in mutation-carrying families, and the inheritance of the wildtype PRPF31 allele in symptomatic-asymptomatic sibships was assessed-confirming that differential inheritance of wildtype chromosome 19q13 determines the clinical phenotype (P < 2.6 × 10(-7) ). A theoretical model was constructed that explains the apparent conflict between the linkage data and the recent demonstration that a trans-acting factor (CNOT3) is a major nonpenetrance factor: we propose that this apparently cis-acting effect arises due to the intimate linkage of CNOT3 and PRPF31 on Chromosome 19q13-a novel mechanism that we have termed "linked trans-acting epistasis."

Facing the broader dimensions of biological invasions

Invasive species are an excellent opportunity to think about the nature society desires, particularly in the face of global changes. Nature and human views of nature are rapidly evolving; our approach to bio- logical invasions through biosecurity institutions and land management policies must evolve in tandem with these changes. We review three dimensions that are insufficiently addressed. First, biological inva- sions are culturally shaped and interpreted. Humans play a major role in the movement and nurturing of alien life, and esthetics, perception, and emotion are deeply implicated in the management of invasive species. What people fear or regret with invasive species are not their effects on nature per se, but their effects on a particular desired nature, and policymaking must reflect this. Second, biological invasions are not restricted to negative impacts. Invasions take place in landscapes where many natural condi- tions have been altered, so policy tools must recognize that invasive species are a functional, structural, and compositional part of transformed ecosystems. In some cases, native species benefit from changes in resource availability caused by invasions or from protections provided by an invasive plant. Finally, invasive species can help ecosystems and people to adapt to global change by maintaining ecosystem processes such as productivity, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling in a context of climate change or land cover transformations. While recognition is growing among ecologists that novel, invaded ecosystems have value, and while the on-the-ground application of biosecurity policies has of necessity adjusted to local contexts and other agendas, invasion biology could aid policymaking by better addressing the three complexities inherent in the three dimensions highlighted above.

Macrobenthos of Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep

In this present study macro benthos of minicoy island lakshadweep, an attempt has been made to study the distribution and community structure of benthos at different ecosystems. The main objectives of the study include the identification of benthic fauna, their distribution and composition, standing stock, qualitative and quantitative nature in relation to hydrography,seasons and sediment texture, community structure analysis and tropic relationships. This base line study at Minicoy,thus establishes that the benthos of sea grass and mangrove ecosystems(nursery grounds) determines the richness and diversity of demersal fish fauna at the nearby lagoon and reef areas to a great extent. Any serious stress on these ecosystems may lead to disappearance of certain fish species in the nearby future

Sociologin, hybriderna och den sociala verkligheten : exemplet kärnavfall

Sociology, hybrids and social reality: the case of nuclear waste The continuing technological transformation of nature means that sociology’s traditional vision of a sharp divide between nature and society is becoming ever harder to defend. Starting from Bruno Latour’s critique of modernity, and Nikolas Rose’s explorations of political power beyond the state, this article presents a framework for analysing the expanding wealth of hybrids of nature and society surrounding us today, and the problems of government they pose. These hybrids confront us with the need to rethink sociology’s conception of ‘the social’. With Latour’s help, the interplay of nature and society can be understood as subject to technical mediation, opening the way for studies of the varying arrangements through which different configurations of nature and society are produced. Rather than alternative social constructions of nature, what sociologists should be at pains to analyse and question are different programmes and strategies for bringing together natural and social forces in durable combinations. In the article, the geological disposal of nuclear waste serves as a useful example for exploring the fruitfulness of the analytical framework put forward. This complex undertaking constitutes just one component in a larger field of technoscientific endeavour that has irrevocably transformed nature while simultaneously re-making society. Addressing this case, we seek to reveal the promise of a sociology that does not bound ‘the social’ in advance, but rather makes the co-production of technology and society one of its most important objects of study.

Trabalhadores na reciclagem do lixo : dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas na perspectiva de empoderamento

Esta pesquisa enfoca as dinâmicas econômicas, sócio-ambientais e políticas de organização, construção da identidade coletiva e empoderamento de trabalhadores em associações de reciclagem, levando-se em conta suas relações com diversos agentes externos. A escolha desse objeto do estudo prende-se a dois aspectos principais: - à caracterização dessa atividade como uma ocupação em estruturação e processo de reconhecimento, representando uma possibilidade de sustentabilidade e autonomia para setores da população de baixa renda em países em desenvolvimento; - a uma situação peculiar de relação entre Estado e sociedade, na qual as associações de catadores/recicladores interagem simultaneamente com órgãos dos governos municipais respectivos, do governo estadual e com entidades não-governamentais, como setores da Igreja Católica e ONGs nacionais e internacionais. Através da análise comparativa das características de três associações de reciclagem na Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, verificam-se resultados diferenciados no que diz respeito a processos internos de organização do trabalho e de participação nas decisões, bem como em relação às percepções, motivações e expectativas dos catadores/recicladores quanto a sua ocupação.