Diversitat i dinamisme afavorits pels recursos naturals

La lògica industrial de les comarques gironines i l’evolució que ha experimentat al llarg del segle XX cal emmarcar-les dins el conjunt de l’economia catalana. La demarcació gironina, però, ha tingut certes especificitats territorials que han estat condicionades pels seus recursos, naturals i humans, i que li han donat un caràcter propi. L’existència de rius adients per a la producció elèctrica, de massissos surers, d’agricultura, ramaderia i pesca, d’iniciativa local i d’una situació territorial privilegiada, al llarg de l’autopista A-7 i al centre de l’arc mediterrani, han afavorit la localització d’una indústria diversa i dinàmica

Diversitat i dinamisme afavorits pels recursos naturals

La lògica industrial de les comarques gironines i l’evolució que ha experimentat al llarg del segle XX cal emmarcar-les dins el conjunt de l’economia catalana. La demarcació gironina, però, ha tingut certes especificitats territorials que han estat condicionades pels seus recursos, naturals i humans, i que li han donat un caràcter propi. L’existència de rius adients per a la producció elèctrica, de massissos surers, d’agricultura, ramaderia i pesca, d’iniciativa local i d’una situació territorial privilegiada, al llarg de l’autopista A-7 i al centre de l’arc mediterrani, han afavorit la localització d’una indústria diversa i dinàmica

Optimal management of natural resources. Accounting for heterogeneity

Dynamic optimization methods have become increasingly important over the last years in economics. Within the dynamic optimization techniques employed, optimal control has emerged as the most powerful tool for the theoretical economic analysis. However, there is the need to advance further and take account that many dynamic economic processes are, in addition, dependent on some other parameter different than time. One can think of relaxing the assumption of a representative (homogeneous) agent in macro- and micro-economic applications allowing for heterogeneity among the agents. For instance, the optimal adaptation and diffusion of a new technology over time, may depend on the age of the person that adopted the new technology. Therefore, the economic models must take account of heterogeneity conditions within the dynamic framework. This thesis intends to accomplish two goals. The first goal is to analyze and revise existing environmental policies that focus on defining the optimal management of natural resources over time, by taking account of the heterogeneity of environmental conditions. Thus, the thesis makes a policy orientated contribution in the field of environmental policy by defining the necessary changes to transform an environmental policy based on the assumption of homogeneity into an environmental policy which takes account of heterogeneity. As a result the newly defined environmental policy will be more efficient and likely also politically more acceptable since it is tailored more specifically to the heterogeneous environmental conditions. Additionally to its policy orientated contribution, this thesis aims making a methodological contribution by applying a new optimization technique for solving problems where the control variables depend on two or more arguments --- the so-called two-stage solution approach ---, and by applying a numerical method --- the Escalator Boxcar Train Method --- for solving distributed optimal control problems, i.e., problems where the state variables, in addition to the control variables, depend on two or more arguments. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical framework to determine optimal resource allocation over time for the production of a good by heterogeneous producers, who generate a stock externalit and derives government policies to modify the behavior of competitive producers in order to achieve optimality. Chapter 3 illustrates the method in a more specific context, and integrates the aspects of quality and time, presenting a theoretical model that allows to determine the socially optimal outcome over time and space for the problem of waterlogging in irrigated agricultural production. Chapter 4 of this thesis concentrates on forestry resources and analyses the optimal selective-logging regime of a size-distributed forest.

Valuation of tourism's natural resources

Discusses the implications of the economic valuation of natural resources used for tourism and relates this valuation to the concept of total economic valuation. It demonstrates how applications of the concept of total economic valuation can be supportive of the conservation of natural resources used for tourism. Techniques for valuing tourism’s natural resources are then outlined and critically evaluated. Consideration is given to travel cost methods, contingent valuation methods, and hedonic pricing approaches before concentrating on current developments of valuation techniques, such as choice modelling. The general limitations of existing methods are considered and it is argued that more attention should be given to developing guidelines that will identify ‘optimally imperfect methods’. An overall assessment concludes this article.

Economic rents, institutions and growth: International aid and natural resources: A comparative analysis

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

Sustentabilidad del monocultivo de soja y otras alternativas agrícolas, en relación a los recursos suelo y agua, en la Región Centro-Norte de Córdoba. Sustainability of soybean monoculture and another agricultural alternatives, in relation to soil and water natural resources, in the north-central area of Cordoba (Argentina).

En este proyecto se pretende demostrar que existen alternativas sustentables al monocultivo de soja y económicamente factibles si se consideran los costos ambientales.Se cumplirán los siguientes objetivos específicos:- Caracterizar la sensibilidad de indicadores de calidad del suelo: infiltración, densidad aparente, penetrometría, C orgánico, fracciones de la MO y un índice químico de disponibilidad de N. - Medir escurrimiento y erosión en dos microcuencas con manejos contrastantes donde existe instrumental instalado y registros desde hace mas de 10 años.- Establecer rangos para las situaciones encontradas en los suelos representativos de la región.- Integrar los parámetros considerados en un sistema de diagnóstico de calidad/salud del suelo, para las condiciones de la región. - Aplicar el sistema de Calidad/salud del suelo para situaciones con monocultivo de soja y otras alternativas.- Calibrar y aplicar el modelo de simulación de la materia orgánica AMG, al monocultivo de soja y otras alternativas, a distintas escalas temporales y espaciales.- Estimar los costos ambientales de monocultivo a partir de los datos obtenidos.- Extrapolar los resultados del monocultivo y las otras alternativas a los suelos característicos, para estimar la sustentabilidad de los suelos en el centro-norte de la provincia de Córdoba.Se trabajará en dos áreas piloto en campos de productores, con y sin erosión hídrica. Se evaluarán parámetros indicadores del estado de los suelos, se los integrará en un sistema, se evaluarán los suelos con situaciones de monocultivo de soja y manejos contrastantes y se los correlacionará con su historial de intervención antrópica. Se brindará una herramienta apta para el ordenamiento territorial.

Democracy and the curse of natural resources

We propose a theoretical model to explain empirical regularities related to the curse of natural resources. This is an explicitly political model which emphasizes the behavior and incentives of politicians. We extend the standard voting model to give voters political control beyond the elections. This gives rise to a new restriction into our political economy model: policies should not give rise to a revolution. Our model clarifies when resource discoveries might lead to revolutions, namely, in countries with weak institutions. Natural resources may be bad for democracy by harming political turnover. Our model also suggests a non-linear dependence of human capital on natural resources. For low levels of democracy human capital depends negatively on natural resources, while for high levels of democracy the dependence is reversed. This theoretical finding is corroborated in both cross section and panel data regressions.

IPH response to Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Resources Consultation - National Energy Retrofit Programme

In 2011, the National Energy Retrofit Programme will build upon existing energy saving programmes in both the domestic and non-domestic sectors.  This consultation focused on key design considerations.  IPH agree with the commitment to deliver a National Energy Retrofit Programme as a sustainable means of securing energy savings and reducing energy poverty and the nations carbon footprint.  The IPH response highlighted the significant benefit to health and would support the use of Health Impact Assessment