O conceito de desenvolvimento do Iseb rediscutido

O Iseb foi um Instituto de Pesquisas de um Grupo de Intelectuais Nacionalistas Que, nos Anos 50, Tentaram Entender o Brasil Numa Visão Global que Incorporava os Aspectos Sociais e Políticos. Definiram o Desenvolvimento como Sendo um Processo Nacional de Mudanças Radicais de Natureza Capitalista. Mais Especificamente, como um Processo de Industrialização que Levasse a um Crescimento Auto-Sustentado da Renda Per Capita. no Processo de Formação Nacional e de Institucionalização de um Mercado Nacional, a Burguesia se Associaria À Burocracia Estatal e Aos Trabalhadores, Tendo por Objetivo Comum o Interesse Nacional. suas Idéias Forma Criticadas Pela Escola de Sociologia de são Paulo, que Veio a Surgir Dez Anos Depois, e que Criticava o Nacionalismo e Insistia na Tese do Conflito de Classes. as Falhas no Pensamento do Iseb, Entretanto, não Decorrem Desses Aspectos. Superestimaram a Capacidade de o Setor Moderno Absorver o Excedente de Mão-De-Obra Existente no Setor Tradicional Enquanto que Subestimaram a Possibilidade de a Crise Originária do Endividamento Externo Poder por um Fim ao Processo da Transformação Nacional.

Revolução capitalista e formação do estado-nação

The Capitalist Revolution was the period of the transition from the ancient societies to capitalism; it was a long transition that began in the north of Italy, in the 14th century, and for the first time got completed in England, in the second part of the 18th century, with the formation of the nation state and the Industrial Revolution; it is a major rupture, which divided the history of mankind between a period where empires or civilizations prospered and then fell into decadence and disappeared, and a period of ingrained economic development and long-term improvement of standards of living. Since then the different peoples are engaged in the social construction of their nations and their states; since then, they are experiencing economic development, because capitalism is essentially dynamic; since then they are struggling for the political objectives that they historically defined for themselves from that revolution: security, freedom, economic well-being, social justice, and protection of the environment.

A revolução capitalista

The Capitalist Revolution was the period of the transition from the ancient societies to capitalism; it was a long transition that began in North Italy, in the 14th century, and for the first time got completed in England, in the second part of the 18th century, with the formation of the nation state and the Industrial Revolution; it is a major rupture, which divided the history of mankind between a period where empires or civilizations prospered and fell into decadence and disappeared, to a period of ingrained economic development and long-term improvement of standards of living. Since then the different peoples are engaged in the social construction of their nations and their states; since then, they are experiencing economic development, because capitalism is essentially dynamic; since then they are struggling for the political objectives that they historically defined for themselves since that revolution: security, freedom, economic well-being, social justice, and protection of the environment.

The political economy of poverty alleviation strategies. The initiative for heavily indebted poor countries in Bolivia: More of the same

In the year 2000, approximately 1.1 billion people lived in extreme poverty while developed countries spent US$600 billion a year on defense. The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative is a recent component of a larger poverty reduction strategy supported by the International Financial Institutions, as well as many developed and developing countries. By implementing lessons of the past fifty years, this program attempts to diminish misery around the globe. As such, it provides debt relief while seeking to enable the poorest countries to simultaneously attain sustainable debt and promote human development. Interest in poverty reduction around the globe reemerged in the 1990s. This study contributes directly to this recent effort by presenting a nuanced approach that builds on the stepping-stones generated by other poverty scholars. To fulfill its goal, this investigation applies a political economy framework. Within this framework, the author conducts an actor-specific analysis. This dissertation addresses the following question: How do domestic and international actors respond to the implementation of poverty alleviation strategies? The author assumes actors desire to maximize their utility calculation and suggests these calculations are based on the player's motivations and external influences. Based on their motivations, the external influences, and the initiative's guidelines, each actor develops a set of expectations. To fulfill those expectations, stake holders utilize one or several strategies. Finally, the actors' ability to achieve their expectations determines each player's assessment of the initiative. The framework described is applied in an in-depth, actor-specific analysis of the HIPC in Bolivia. Bolivia's National Revolution represents the country's first attempt at reducing poverty. Since then, all governments have taken specific steps to combat poverty at the local and national levels. The Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) is one of the most recent macro strategies of this kind. The case study demonstrated that three factors (national ownership, effective sponsorship and the local context) determine the success levels of poverty reduction strategies from abroad. In addition, the investigation clearly shows that poverty reduction is not the sole motivation in the implementation of poverty alleviation strategies. All actors, however, share the dream of poverty reduction.

The discursive construction of Portuguese national identity in the media thirty years after the 1974 revolution

Tese dout., Philosophy, Lancaster University, 2010

Die deutsche Revolution, die National-Versammlung und die Fürsten : Herzensergießungen eines deutschen Mannes aus dem Lehrstande

Boberach: Vom Standpunkt eines norddeutschen Protestanten wird die Deutsche Nationalversammlung kritisiert, weil ihre Mehrheit Österreich von Deutschland trennen und den ungeeigneten König von Preußen zum Kaiser machen will. - Wentzke: Oberflächliche Kritik der sogenannten "Volksvertreter" der Paulskirche und ihrer falschen Dekretalien. Gegen Schmerlings doppelzüngiges Verhalten und gegen Gagerns aristokratisches Auftreten bei der Ermordung Blums. Verfasser, ein norddeutscher Protestant, kann sich keinen preußischen Kaiser, kein Deutschland ohne Österreich denken. Vor allem besitzt Friedrich Wilhelm IV. keinerlei Zuneigung. Erzherzog Johann ist der einzige, der als Kaiser die Idee der Volkssouveränität verwirklichen kann

The whirlwind, an historical romance; being the story of the French revolution as it was seen by René De Massac, deputy to the National assembly and general of the republic,

Mode of access: Internet.

Act of incorporation, constitution and by-laws of the National society of the Daughters of the American revolution.

Mode of access: Internet.

Index of the Rolls of honor (ancestor's index) in the Lineage books of the National society of the Daughters of the American revolution, volumes 41 to 80.

Mode of access: Internet.

Historical notes of the organization of societies of Sons of the American Revolution, with a list of national and state officers ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Lineage book - National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

Errata for the lineage book, v. 1-39, inclusive, 30 p.; v. 1-36, inclusive, 26 p. in v. 38; v. 1-27, inclusive, 20 p.; v. 1-21, inclusive, 10 p. in v. 21.

Report of the National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution.

Description based on: 3rd (Oct. 11, 1898-Oct. 11, 1900).

Index of the Rolls of honor (ancestor's index) in the Lineage books of the National society of the Daughters of the American revolution, volumes 1 to 160.

Vol. [2] has imprint: Washington, D.C., Press of Judd & Detweiler, inc., 1926.

The issue fairly presented : black Republicanism versus Democracy: law, order, and the will of the majority of the whole people, against usurpation, anarchy, revolution, and the voice of a meagre minority of the people of Kansas. Published by order of the Democratic national committee.

Mode of access: Internet.