Proceedings - National Shellfish Sanitation Workshop

Mode of access: Internet.

National shellfish register of classified estuarine waters.

Mode of access: Internet.

Network for Cooperation in Integrated Water Resource Management for Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean No. 38

Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Using performance indicators to monitor drinking water supply and sewerage services ; Implications of biofuel development for water management and use.-- News of the Network: Reflections of URSEA in Uruguay, 10 years after its creation ; National Environmental Sanitation Strategy of El Salvador.-- Meetings: Workshop on Transboundary Water Cooperation (Buenos Aires, Argentina) ; Importance of the value of water: lessons and challenges (Lima, Peru).-- Internet and WWW News

Avaliação do efeito da piscicultura em sistemas aquáticos em Assis e Cândido Mota, São Paulo, por indicador de qualidade da água e análise estatítica multivariada

In this work, the impact of fish farming activities on the Queixada, Macuco and Pari-Veado Rivers in the Paranapanema watershed was evaluated. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were quantified in these aquatic systems followed by application of multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) and water quality index (WQI) tools. Watersheds where fish farming activities are predominant presented WQI > 52 indicating good quality, whereas MSA demonstrated bad quality for these aquatic bodies. The results showed that the degradation in this watershed follows the fish farming activity. The MSA index is more restricted than the "National Foundation Sanitation" (NFS) index routinely used to infer water quality.

Avaliação do efeito da piscicultura em sistemas aquáticos em Assis e Cândido Mota, São Paulo, por indicador de qualidade da água e análise estatítica multivariada

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Obtenção do IQA para avaliação da qualidade da água em rios dos municípios de Abaetetuba e Barcarena (PA)

Este trabalho teve como finalidade a avaliação da qualidade das águas de dois rios amazônicos denominados de Arapiranga e Murucupi localizados nos municípios de Abaetetuba e Barcarena respectivamente, no Estado do Pará. Para esta avaliação, utilizou-se como principal ferramenta o Índice de Qualidade das Águas (IQA) calculado a partir de nove (09) variáveis analisadas. Os cálculos do IQA foram realizados de acordo com os critérios da CETESB-SP, adaptados da National Foundation Sanitation-EUA. Este estudo foi realizado no ano de 2009 e contemplou quatro campanhas de amostragem trimentrais envolvendo o período chuvoso e seco, sendo as variáveis determinadas em condições de marés baixa-mar e preamar. A partir dos dados das variáveis e IQAs determinados, foi possível realizar algumas comparações sobre a qualidade das águas dos rios estudados e para isso, aplicou-se sobre estes dados, a estatística descritiva, analítica e multivariada. Na estatística descritiva determinaram-se no período chuvoso e no seco os valores de média, desvio padrão, valores máximos e mínimos e coeficiente de variação. Para a verificação da distribuição amostral e nível significância dos dados gerados, realizou-se a partir da estatística analítica os testes de normalidade e de hipóteses respectivamente, comparando-se os dados das variáveis e dos IQAs do período chuvoso e do seco. A análise multivariada proporcionou uma melhor avaliação sobre a qualidade das águas destes dois rios através da análise de grupos. O rio Arapiranga apresentou condições de qualidade regular e boa, registrando-se valores médios dos IQAs no período chuvoso de 48±3,7 e 51±5,6 na maré baixa-mar e preamar respectivamente, no período seco esses valores foram de 48±4,6 (maré baixa-mar) e 55±5,7 (maré preamar). A partir dos valores dos IQAs determinados no rio Murucupi, observou-se condições de qualidade ruim, regular e boa nessas águas, sendo que, os valores médios obtidos no período chuvoso foram de 44±9,4 e 51±10,3 (maré baixa-mar e preamar), já no período seco esses valores foram de 51±8,3 na maré baixa-mar e de 52±8,6 na preamar. As ferramentas de avaliação utilizadas neste estudo proporcionaram uma boa visualização sobre a qualidade das águas nos dois rios, observando-se no geral, que houve diferença signifitiva de qualidade para essas águas em relação à comparação entre o período chuvoso e o seco. Percebe-se que o rio localizado no município de Barcarena/PA, sofre maior influência antropogênica em decorrência da maior área urbana em seu entorno, já no outro rio no município de Abaetetuba/PA, essa influência é menor.

Estudo da gestão de aterros sanitários através de consórcios públicos e públicos-privados

The growing population, purchasing power and changing the profile of Brazilian consumers are the facts to justify the increase in waste production in the country. According to the National Research Sanitation made by IBGE in 2000, Brazil produced 241,614 tons of waste per day, equivalent to approximately 90 million tons per year. This growth leads researchers to consider a better way to dump this material in order to mitigate the damage to population health and the environment. For this, one of the possible actions is the search for alternative disposal technological development, a possible solution being the construction of landfills. But many cities, especially those from regions of poor or agricultural base, do not always have sufficient resources and open spaces for the construction of a landfill as required by law. Fits like a context in which it operates as an alternative technology for inter-municipal consortia landfill and public-private partnerships in order to contribute to the sustainable development of cities. The law that regulates public consortia is the Federal Law 11.107 of April 2005, as the law that regulates and makes possible the Public-Private Partnership is the Federal Law 11.079 of 2004. Consortia are entities that bring together several municipalities, with or without the State and the Union to carry out joint actions that if were borne singly, not would achieve the same results or would lose a greater volume of resources, and would demand more time. The public-private partnership consist of one or more municipalities and a private company, selected by public tender, which becomes responsible for implementation, maintenance and operation of the landfill. This practice can performed on the model of concession, in which public administration is direct or indirect user, with or without installation and ... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)

STRATEGIES FOR THE TRANSFER OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE IMPLEMENTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS IN TUNISIA

This dissertation focuses on Project HOPE, an American medical aid agency, and its work in Tunisia. More specifically this is a study of the implementation strategies of those HOPE sponsored projects and programs designed to solve the problems of high morbidity and infant mortality rates due to environmentally related diarrheal and enteric diseases. Several environmental health programs and projects developed in cooperation with Tunisian counterparts are described and analyzed. These include (1) a paramedical manpower training program; (2) a national hospital sanitation and infection control program; (3) a community sewage disposal project; (4) a well reconstruction project; and (5) a solid-waste disposal project for a hospital.^ After independence, Tunisia, like many developing countries, encountered several difficulties which hindered progress toward solving basic environmental health problems and prompted a request for aid. This study discusses the need for all who work in development programs to recognize and assess those difficulties or constraints which affect the program planning process, including those latent cultural and political constraints which not only exist within the host country but within the aid agency as well. For example, failure to recognize cultural differences may adversely affect the attitudes of the host staff towards their work and towards the aid agency and its task. These factors, therefore, play a significant role in influencing program development decisions and must be taken into account in order to maximize the probability of successful outcomes.^ In 1969 Project HOPE was asked by the Tunisian government to assist the Ministry of Health in solving its health manpower problems. HOPE responded with several programs, one of which concerned the training of public health nurses, sanitary technicians, and aids at Tunisia's school of public health in Nabeul. The outcome of that program as well as the strategies used in its development are analyzed. Also, certain questions are addressed such as, what should the indicators of success be, and when is the time right to phase out?^ Another HOPE program analyzed involved hospital sanitation and infection control. Certain generic aspects of basic hospital sanitation procedures were documented and presented in the form of a process model which was later used as a "microplan" in setting up similar programs in other Tunisian hospitals. In this study the details of the "microplan" are discussed. The development of a nation-wide program without any further need of external assistance illustrated the success of HOPE's implementation strategies.^ Finally, although it is known that the high incidence of enteric disease in developing countries is due to poor environmental sanitation and poor hygiene practices, efforts by aid agencies to correct these conditions have often resulted in failure. Project HOPE's strategy was to maximize limited resources by using a systems approach to program development and by becoming actively involved in the design and implementation of environmental health projects utilizing "appropriate" technology. Three innovative projects and their implementation strategies (including technical specifications) are described.^ It is advocated that if aid agencies are to make any progress in helping developing countries basic sanitation problems, they must take an interdisciplinary approach to progrm development and play an active role in helping counterparts seek and identify appropriate technologies which are socially and economically acceptable. ^

Consórcio público regional de resíduos sólidos do Seridó/RN: perspectivas de um novo modelo de gestão

The problem of solid waste that involves the management, the management and the allocation of these is an issue that permeates all spheres of society, which denotes environmental implications that contribute to the discussion of the environmental crisis in progress. From this perspective, this study aims to investigate and understand the role that consortia, especially the Regional Public Waste Consortium Solid Seridó/RN have waste management, in order to observe their strengths and weaknesses in order to conclude whether they are an appropriate solution to the problem of solid waste. In studying a region that is undergoing a process of institutional organization guided in the solid waste, the focus turned into an interesting academic research point. Since this is a qualitative research, readings were taken of relevant authors to the object and the following legal frameworks, namely: the National Basic Sanitation Policy (Law nº 11.445/2007), the National Policy on Solid Waste (Law nº 12.305/2010 ) and the Law on Public Consortia (Law nº 11.107/2005). The consortium region has about 290.000 inhabitants, generated 40.000 tons of waste a year. As for the final disposal of waste, all municipalities in the region deposit their waste in the open, or in garbage dumps. In the analysis of the Consortium Seridó, a list of issues that are hindering their implementation has been identified. The demands come mainly from the political sphere, but also financial, technical and logistical. It is expected that with the realization of the Consortium by building its supporting structures (overfill Station and Landfill), a new model of solid waste management is implemented.

National Botanical Garden of Georgia – Recreational – Sanitation Oasis of Tbilisi City

მოყვანილია წინასწარი კვლევების მონაცემები ჰაერის ექვივალენტური ეფექტური ტემპერატურის შესახებ საქართველოს ეროვნული ბოტანიკური ბაღის ტერიტორიაზე.

Workshop: Capacity building for national public health advocacy: case studies from national associations

The first statement of the EUPHA on the Future of Public Health in Europe refers to the need for going 'to policymakers, politicians and practitioners in all sectors of society and advise them on how to promote public health throughout society'. WHO-EURO Director General Marc Danzon, quoted in the second EUPHA statement on the responsibility of policy makers indicates that 'learning is not systematically applied in health policy development in our continent'. Statement 3 calls for the integration of public health into the political agenda in all sectors. The first EUPHA president, Louise Gunning-Schepers, quoted in Statement 10 called on EUPHA to become 'a powerful advocate of the public health community'. In addition to the above, the EU is now actively seeking ways to build capacity to implement its health strategy. Learning and building the capacity to achieve our aims The aims and objectives to promote the public's health as reflected in EUPHA's 10 statements are also mirrored in the national public health associations. However, many of EUPHA's national associations have little or limited experience in promoting public health policy at the national level. To assist in the learning of advocacy for public health policies, case studies presenting experiences of national public health organizations in lobbying for national public health policy will be presented and discussed. In addition to sharing experiences, the presentations will identify successful approaches to public health advocacy as well as lessons learned from unsuccessful attempts.

Pharmacogenomics of HIV Therapy: Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Approximately 1 million people in the United States and over 30 million worldwide are living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While mortality from untreated infection approaches 100%, survival improves markedly with use of contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ART). In the United States, 25 drugs are approved for treating HIV-1, and increasing numbers are available in resource-limited countries. Safe and effective ART is a cornerstone in the global struggle against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Variable responses to ART are due at least in part to human genetic variants that affect drug metabolism, drug disposition, and off-site drug targets. Defining effects of human genetic variants on HIV treatment toxicity, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics has far-reaching implications. In 2010, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases sponsored a workshop entitled, Pharmacogenomics A Path Towards Personalized HIV Care. This article summarizes workshop objectives, presentations, discussions, and recommendations derived from this meeting.