Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group.

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Clarity and uniformity in defining these infections are important factors in improving the quality of clinical studies. A standard set of definitions strengthens the consistency and reproducibility of such studies. METHODS: After the introduction of the original European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group definitions, advances in diagnostic technology and the recognition of areas in need of improvement led to a revision of this document. The revision process started with a meeting of participants in 2003, to decide on the process and to draft the proposal. This was followed by several rounds of consultation until a final draft was approved in 2005. This was made available for 6 months to allow public comment, and then the manuscript was prepared and approved. RESULTS: The revised definitions retain the original classifications of "proven," "probable," and "possible" invasive fungal disease, but the definition of "probable" has been expanded, whereas the scope of the category "possible" has been diminished. The category of proven invasive fungal disease can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised, whereas the probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only. CONCLUSIONS: These revised definitions of invasive fungal disease are intended to advance clinical and epidemiological research and may serve as a useful model for defining other infections in high-risk patients.

Pharmacogenomics of HIV Therapy: Summary of a Workshop Sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Approximately 1 million people in the United States and over 30 million worldwide are living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While mortality from untreated infection approaches 100%, survival improves markedly with use of contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ART). In the United States, 25 drugs are approved for treating HIV-1, and increasing numbers are available in resource-limited countries. Safe and effective ART is a cornerstone in the global struggle against the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Variable responses to ART are due at least in part to human genetic variants that affect drug metabolism, drug disposition, and off-site drug targets. Defining effects of human genetic variants on HIV treatment toxicity, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics has far-reaching implications. In 2010, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases sponsored a workshop entitled, Pharmacogenomics A Path Towards Personalized HIV Care. This article summarizes workshop objectives, presentations, discussions, and recommendations derived from this meeting.

Report from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases workshop on drug allergy

Allergic reactions to drugs are a serious public health concern. In 2013, the Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases sponsored a workshop on drug allergy. International experts in the field of drug allergy with backgrounds in allergy, immunology, infectious diseases, dermatology, clinical pharmacology, and pharmacogenomics discussed the current state of drug allergy research. These experts were joined by representatives from several National Institutes of Health institutes and the US Food and Drug Administration. The participants identified important advances that make new research directions feasible and made suggestions for research priorities and for development of infrastructure to advance our knowledge of the mechanisms, diagnosis, management, and prevention of drug allergy. The workshop summary and recommendations are presented herein.

Guide to NIST : National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Includes indexes.

NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology.

Mode of access: Internet.

NIST, United States Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology : (formerly National Bureau of Standards).

Mode of access: Internet.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

World textile abstracts

Third annual evaluation report : National Institute of Standards and Technology, Personnel Management Demonstration Project.

Mode of access: Internet.

Spinal cord injury : hope through research / [prepared by the Office of Scientific and Health Reports, National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke].

Mode of access: Internet.

Facilities, National Institute of Standards and Technology.

"September 1988"--P. [3] of cover.

Public meeting under the auspices of the American Academy and the National Institute of Arts and Letters.

Mode of access: Internet.

Public meeting of the American academy and the National institute of arts and letters in honor of John Burroughs : member of the academy from May thirteen, nineteen hundred and five, until his death, March twenty-nine, nineteen hundred and twenty-one ; William Milligan Sloane, president of the academy, presiding.

[Publication no. 35]

Memória ferroviária : da mobilização social à política pública de patrimônio

Esta tese tem como objetivo o estudo do processo de construção e apropriação do passado ferroviário e da transformação da memória ferroviária como objeto de política pública, sobretudo após a edição da Lei no 11.483/2007. O estudo aborda os papeis desempenhados por agentes sociais diversos, como as associações de preservação ferroviárias (APF), a Rede Ferroviária Federal (RFFSA) e o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), e suas estratégias de ressignificação e objetificação do passado ferroviário, processo que teve início ainda na década de 1970. A pesquisa descreve a implantação da malha ferroviária brasileira, de maneira a contextualizar a extinção da RFFSA, em 2007; aborda o surgimento e evolução das APFs, e descreve a atuação da Rede na preservação e salvaguarda do passado da ferrovia por meio da análise do Programa de Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico Ferroviário (Preserfe). Por fim, a tese se debruça sobre a atuação do Iphan, recorrendo à análise dos processos de tombamentos de bens ferroviários e ao estudo dos desdobramentos da Lei no 11.483/2007 no interior do órgão. O movimento de valorização do passado ferroviário contribui para os debates acerca dos processos de apropriação e patrimonialização do passado.

O registro do patrimônio cultural imaterial: as práticas do IPHAN e do IEPHA/MG

Patrimônio cultural é tudo aquilo que possui significado social e representa identidades, sendo dividido em duas principais categorias: material e imaterial. O reconhecimento deste último foi construído ao longo de um processo de maturação, ampliação de debates, legislação e ação de órgãos públicos nacionais e internacionais. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 incorporou, ao lado do patrimônio material, as diversas formas de expressão e os modos de criar, fazer e viver, como patrimônio imaterial, adotando novos instrumentos de proteção aos bens culturais: o registro e o inventário. Entretanto, somente pelo Decreto 3.551/2000 é que o registro do imaterial foi definitivamente normatizado. Paulatinamente, ocorreu a descentralização da legislação e das políticas públicas, que passaram a ser compartilhadas por União, Estados e Municípios e, nesse sentido, um caso peculiar na gestão do patrimônio cultural ocorreu no estado de Minas Gerais, no qual o Instituto Estadual do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Minas Gerais (IEPHA/MG) assumiu um valioso papel na preservação do patrimônio cultural, onde as ações municipais voltadas ao patrimônio cultural no Estado contam com repasses financeiros, via distribuição do Imposto Sobre Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS). Esse cenário propiciou um campo para a reflexão e debate sobre o papel e a função desse órgão estadual frente às práticas de identificação, valorização e promoção do patrimônio imaterial de Minas Gerais.