National criminal justice thesaurus /

Description based on: 1980 ed.

A "caixa-preta" vs. o "controle demagógico": os discursos dos favoráveis e dos contrários à criação do CNJ

Este trabalho investiga os discursos dos que se posicionaram contra ou a favor da criação do Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ), que era um dos itens previstos na reforma do Judiciário. Esta tramitou no Legislativo por quase doze anos. Sustentamos que essa tramitação perdurou por tanto tempo devido a falta de consenso entre diversos itens nela previstos, sendo a criação de um órgão de controle do Judiciário, o principal deles. Dessa forma, consideramos que esse consenso foi estabelecido por meio de negociações entre os atores envolvidos, como pode ser notado nos discursos analisados. Portanto, analisamos os discursos mobilizados por diversos atores que utilizaram a mídia – em específico os jornais – para lançar esse tema na esfera pública e produziram um debate público em torno da criação de um órgão de controle do Judiciário, no período de 2003 e 2004. Esse debate refletiu na atuação de vários atores e na tramitação da reforma no Senado. A atuação discursiva dos favoráveis e contrários ao controle do Judiciário é tida, portanto, como disputa por espaços de poder, que permitiu aos diversos atores construir consensos sobre o que aprovar e rejeitar no caso da reforma do Judiciário. Um dos pontos acordados foi o da criação do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, que acabou aprovado.

NIJ reports : a selective notification of information program of the National Institute of Justice.

Produced under contract J-LEAA-013-81.

From Absence to Presence, from Silence to Voice: Victims in Transitional Justice Since the Nuremberg Trials

As much as victims have been absent in traditional and national criminal justice for a long time, they were invisible in transitional and international criminal justice after World War II. The Nuremberg Trials were dominated by the perpetrators, and documents were mainly used instead of victim testimony. Contemporaries shared the perspective that transitional justice, both international and national procedures should channel revenge by the victims and their families into the more peaceful venues of courts and legal procedures. Since then, victims have gained an ever more important role in transitional, post-conflict and international criminal justice. Non-judicial tribunals, Truth and Reconciliation Commissions, and international criminal courts and tribunals are relying on the testimony of victims and thus provide a prominent role for victims who often take centre stage in such procedures and trials. International criminal law and the human rights regime have provided victims with several routes to make themselves heard and fight against impunity. This paper tracks the road from absence to presence, and from invisibility to the visibility of victims during the second half of the last and the beginning of the present century. It shows in which ways their presence has shaped and changed transitional and international justice, and in particular how their absence or presence is linked to amnesties.

Restorative justice conferencing for reducing recidivism in young offenders (aged 7 to 21)

Background
Restorative justice is “a process whereby parties with a stake in a specific offence resolve collectively how to deal with the aftermath of the offence and its implications for the future” (Marshall 2003). Despite the increasing use of restorative justice programmes as an alternative to court proceedings, no systematic review has been undertaken of the available evidence on the effectiveness of these programmes with young offenders. Recidivism in young offenders is a particularly worrying problem, as recent surveys have indicated
the frequency of re-offences for young offenders has ranged from 40.2% in 2000 to 37.8% in 2007 (Ministry of Justice 2009)

Objectives
To evaluate the effects of restorative justice conferencing programmes for reducing recidivism in young offenders.

Search methods
We searched the following databases up to May 2012: CENTRAL, 2012 Issue 5, MEDLINE (1978 to current), Bibliography of Nordic Criminology (1999 to current), Index to Theses (1716 to current), PsycINFO (1887 to current), Social Sciences Citation Index (1970 to current), Sociological Abstracts (1952 to current), Social Care Online (1985 to current), Restorative Justice Online (1975 to current), Scopus (1823 to current), Science Direct (1823 to current), LILACS (1982 to current), ERIC (1966 to current), Restorative Justice Online (4May 2012),WorldCat (9May 2012), ClinicalTrials.gov (19May 2012) and ICTRP (19May 2012). ASSIA,National Criminal Justice Reference Service and Social Services Abstracts were searched up to May 2011. Relevant bibliographies, conference programmes and journals were also searched.

Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs of restorative justice conferencing versus management as usual, in young offenders.

Data collection and analysis
Two authors independently assessed the risk of bias of included trials and extracted the data. Where necessary, original investigators were contacted to obtain missing information.

Main results
Four trials including a total of 1447 young offenders were included in the review. Results failed to find a significant effect for restorative justice conferencing over normal court procedures for any of the main analyses, including number re-arrested (odds ratio (OR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59 to 1.71; P = 0.99), monthly rate of reoffending (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.06, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.16; P = 0.61), young person’s remorse following conference (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.97 to 3.10; P = 0.06), young person’s recognition of wrongdoing following conference (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 4.80; P = 0.14), young person’s self-perception following conference (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.63; P = 0.85), young person’s satisfaction following conference (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.04 to 4.07; P = 0.45) and victim’s satisfaction following conference (OR 4.05, 95%CI 0.56 to 29.04; P = 0.16). A small number of sensitivity analyses did indicate significant effects, although all are to be interpreted with caution.

Authors’ conclusions
There is currently a lack of high quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of restorative justice conferencing for young offenders. Caution is urged in interpreting the results of this review considering the small number of included studies, subsequent low power and high risk of bias. The effects may potentially be more evident for victims than offenders. The need for further research in this area is highlighted.

Bibliographies in criminal justice : a selected bibliography /

Includes indexes.

Stalking in America : findings from the National Violence Against Women Survey /

"April 1998."

Criminal justice evaluation : an annotated bibliography /

Includes index.

Criminal justice agencies in region 8: Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming.

Prepared for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, by the Bureau of the Census.

Criminal justice agencies, in region 1: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont.

Prepared for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, by the Bureau of the Census.

Criminal justice agencies in region 2: New Jersey, New York.

Prepared for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, by the Bureau of the Census.

Criminal justice agencies, in region 3: Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia.

Prepared for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, by the Bureau of the Census.

Criminal justice agencies in region 6 /

"SD-2D-6"

Criminal justice agencies in region 7: Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska.

Prepared for the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration, by the Bureau of the Census.

Criminal justice agencies in region 10: Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington /

"SD-2D-10"